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Grammar,The present perfect,By Ms Yuan.,Travelling is fun for me.,I have been to,the Forbidden City,the Great wall,I have visited,the Temple of Heaven,the Summer Palace,Tian’anmen Square,I have stayed in Beijing for 2 weeks.,I have been to the Great wall and the Forbidden City. I have visited the Summer Palace and the Temple of Heaven. I have stayed in Beijing for 2 weeks.,The present perfect,Read and learn,I’ve learnt to use chopsticks. It’s been a fantastic experience so far. I’ve learnt a bit of t’ai chi. We’ve already learnt a lot about Chinese culture and history. The teachers have introduced us to Chinese painting as well. We’ve also tried to paint some pictures ourselves. I haven’t had much success yet. I’ve made many new friends.,learn- learnt/learned- learnt/ learned,be- was/were- been,introduce - introduced,try- tried,have / has - had- had,make - made- made,I ___ _____ to use chopsticks, and they’re teaching me a little Chinese. 2. It __ _____ a fantastic experience so far. 3. We___ _______ ______ a lot about Chinese culture and history. 4. The teachers ____ _________ us to Chinese painting as well. 5. We___ ____ _____ to paint some pictures ourselves. 6. I _______ ____ much success yet, but I’ll keep trying. 7. I ___ _____ many new friends.,’ve learnt,’s been,’ve already learnt,have introduced,’ve also tried,haven’t had,’ve made,go,Ready?,To Compare,She did homework yesterday. (she doesn’t need to do her homework now.) She has already done her homework.,,,do/ does - did- done,She had her breakfast just now.她剛才吃了早飯。 (She is not hungry now.她現(xiàn)在不餓。) She has just had her breakfast.她剛吃過早飯。,To Compare,,,have/ has - had- had,To Compare,The elephant helped me a lot a moment ago. ( I can drive my car now.) The elephant has just helped me a lot.,,,help- helped,I didn’t sing an English song in the singing competition last week. （I still remember the thing now.） I haven’t sung an English song in the singing competition yet.,To Compare,,,sing- sang- sung,,We began to study here last year. (We still study here now.) We have studied here for more than one year.,,,study- studied,He began to be interested in playing computer games when he was born. (He is still interested in it now.) He has been interested in playing computer games since he was born.,,,be- was/were- been,1.She has already done her homework. 2.She has just had her breakfast. 3.The elephant has just helped me a lot. 4. I haven’t sung an English song in the singing competition yet. 定義一：過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 5. We have studied here for more than one year. 6. He has been interested in playing computer games since he was born. 定義二：過去開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或有可能繼續(xù)下去。 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：,,,,,already(已經(jīng)) 肯中 yet(已經(jīng)) 問否尾 just(剛剛)肯中 ever(曾經(jīng))問中 never（從不）,常與for, since引導(dǎo)的時間短語或從句連用.,for+ 時間段 since+過去時間 since+過去句子,肯定 have / has +done 否定 have / has not + done,,,,Past,Now,Future,,,,完成,影響,already(已經(jīng)) 肯中 yet(還) 問否尾 just(剛剛)肯中 ever(曾經(jīng))問中 never（從不）,開始,持續(xù)至今,持續(xù)到將來,for+ 時間段 since+過去時間 since+過去句子,定義一：過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,定義二：過去開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或有可能繼續(xù)下去。,,,,have met,have played,has cooked,have studied,have seen,haven’t visited,haven’t done,用法小竅門：描述過去的動作，若句中有yesterday , last week, three days ago, in 1996等過去時間就一定用一般過去時。若 沒有常用現(xiàn)在完成時。所以When問句不能用現(xiàn)在完成時。 A：Have you finished your homework yet? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you finish it? B: Yesterday evening.,Further Understanding 代言詞,Let’s read them!,I have seen Avatar.,She has already written 3 books .,I haven’t seen the movie yet .,,Have you ever seen a sign like this ?,I have never seen a kangaroo.,How long have you studied in Huangguang Middle School Guangzhou Branch?,,肯定句,,否定句,,一般疑問句,特殊疑問句,現(xiàn)在完成時的代言詞： 1. already（已經(jīng)）/just（剛剛）：用于肯定句中 2. yet（還）: 用于否定句和疑問句句尾 3. ever（曾經(jīng)）：用于疑問和否定句中。 4. never（從不）: 表示否定,,,二、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for填空： 1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _________ finished his homework. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years. 4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”,never,already/just,for,ever,never,yet,just/alreay,already(已經(jīng)) 肯中 yet(已經(jīng)) 問否尾 just(剛剛)肯中 ever(曾經(jīng))問中 never（從不）,for / since 的區(qū)別,1.for+時間段 …for many years, for a long time 2.since+時間點 …since 1998, since last year 3.since+時間段+ago …since three years ago 4.since+句子(一般過去時） …since I moved here.,My family have lived here for many years. I haven’t lived in my hometown since 2008. She has learnt English since five years ago. He has had the house since he moved here.,for+ 時間段 since+過去時間 since+過去句子,1)We have lived here ______ 2001. 2) I have been a teacher ___ ten months. 3) They have known each other ____ more than five years. 4) I have been at this school ______ six years ago. 5) She has sent some information to Tom _______ Tom went to school. 6) I will stay in the hotel ____ a week.,since,for,for,since,since,for,Fill in the sentences with for or since.,for+ 時間 ，since+過去時間，since+過去句子,Sentence Pattern 句式,,I have eaten lunch.,She has eaten lunch.,He has eaten breakfast.,,肯定句: 主語+have/ has done +賓語+其他。,They have eaten supper .,我已經(jīng)吃了午飯。( eat-ate-eaten),她已經(jīng)吃了午飯。( eat-ate-eaten),他已經(jīng)吃了早飯。( eat-ate-eaten),他們已經(jīng)吃了晚飯。( eat-ate-eaten),I have not (=haven’t) seen the film.,She has not (=hasn’t) seen the film.,I haven’t eaten supper. He hasn’t changed his idea. My mother hasn’t come back home.,否定句: 主語+have not (haven’t) +done+賓語+其他。 三單主語+has not (hasn’t) +done+賓語+其他。,我沒有看過這部電影。( see-saw-seen),她沒有看過這部電影。( see-saw-seen),我還沒有吃晚飯。( eat-ate-eaten),他還沒有改變他的主意。( change-changed),我媽媽還沒有回來。(come-came - come),I’ve already had dinner. I ________ ________ dinner ________. 2. He has just finished his homework. He ________ ________ his homework _________. 3. Mum’s cooked the dinner. Mum _______ ________ the dinner. 4. Susan’s learned English at school. Susan ________ ________ English at school.,haven’t,had,yet,hasn’t,finished,yet,hasn’t cooked,hasn’t,learned,把下列句子改為否定句,Have you had breakfast? No, I haven’t.,Have you known Sandy for a long time? Yes, I have. Has she eaten anything since 9:00 a.m? No, she hasn’t.,一般疑問句： Have/has +主語+過去分詞 +賓語+其他？ 回答： Yes,主語+have / has. No, 主語+haven’t / hasn’t.,你吃早飯了嗎？不，沒有。(have-had-had),你認識Sandy很長時間了嗎？ 是的。( know- knew- known),自早上九點鐘以來她吃過東西了嗎？ 不，她沒有。(eat-ate- eaten ),I’ve already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mum’s cooked the dinner. 4. Susan’s learned English at school.,Have you had dinner yet ?,Has he finished his homework yet?,Has mum cooked the dinner?,Has Susan learned English at school?,把下列句子改為一般疑問句,I’ve = I have,Mum’s = Mum has,Susan’s = Susan has,用所給動詞的適當形式填空。 1.I (teach)Enghish in this school since 1997. 2.Lilei (keep) the library book for five days. 3.Kate (see) her grandmother's photo before. 4. So far ,we (build) thousands of Buildings in Fuzhou. 5. I ( be) to Beijing already.,,have built,have been,has kept,have taught,has seen,So far we have planted many trees. He has just come back. They have already built many buildings in this city. Someone has just broken the window. I have already lost the key. I haven’t read that book yet .,現(xiàn)在完成時的用法:翻譯大比拼1,1. 到目前為止我們已經(jīng)植了很多樹。（planted),2. 他剛剛回來。(come-came-come),3. 他們已經(jīng)在這個城市建了很多樓。(build-built-built),4. 有人剛剛打破了窗戶。(break-broke-broken),5. 我已經(jīng)丟了鑰匙。( lose-lost-lost）,6. 我還沒有讀那本書。(read-read-read),She has learned English for 5 years. We haven't seen each other for a long time. She has been here since 1989. I have been here since five months ago. Great changes have taken place since you left. He has lived in Beijing since he was born .,現(xiàn)在完成時的用法:翻譯大比拼2,1. 他學(xué)英語已經(jīng)學(xué)了5年了。(learn-learnt-learnt),2. 我們很長時間沒相互見面了。(see-saw-seen),3. 自從1989年以來她就在這。(be-was/were -been),4. 自從5個月前我就在這。(be-was/were -been),5. 自從你離開以來就發(fā)生了很大的變化。(take-took-taken),6. 自從他出生以來他就生活在北京。(live-lived),過去分詞的構(gòu)成,learn - learnt/learned- learnt/ learned,be - was/were- been,introduce - introduced,have / has - had- had,make - made- made,eat- ate - eaten,see- saw- seen,come- came - come,build - built - built,break-broke-broken,lose - lost - lost,read – read - read,take - took-taken,live - lived,plant - planted,know - knew- known,sing- sang- sung,study - studied,help - helped,do/ does - did- done,,,,plan ---- planned,,Ready?,規(guī)則動詞過去式、過去分詞變化規(guī)則： work—worked,worked 1）一般在動詞詞尾加ed。 change ---- changed, changed 2）如果動詞以字母e結(jié)尾，直接在詞尾加d。 plan---- planned, planned 3）如果動詞是一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié) 單詞，要雙寫這個輔音字母，再加ed。 carry----carried, carried 4）如果動詞是以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，要變y為i 再加ed。,不規(guī)則動詞： 一、 原形、過去式和過去分詞相同的動詞 （A、A、A型） cost— cost —cost cut — cut —cut hit — hit —hit hurt— hurt —hurt let — let —let put — put —put read— read —read,2.（A、B、B型） bring--brought --brought buy — bought—bought meet —met—met build - built – built catch - caught-caught feel – felt – felt find – found – found keep – kept – kept leave – left – left make – made - made,3.（A、B、A型） become—became－become come—came—come run—ran—run,4.（A、A、B型） beat—beat—beaten,5）（A、B、C型） begin—began—begun blow—blew—blown break—broke—broken do/ does –did – done drink – drank –drunk eat – ate- eaten fall - fell – fallen give - gave –given go – went – gone know – knew – known write- wrote - wirrten,,,,,學(xué)案Write down past tense and past participle of the following verbs. （寫出下例動詞的過去時和過去分詞）,work rain love change stop plan drop study carry,read teach see feel build leave think write do,worked worked,rained rained,loved loved,changed changed,,stopped stopped,planned planned,dropped dropped,studied studied,carried carried,,read read,taught taught,saw seen,felt felt,built built,thought thought,wrote written,did done,left left,have been 與have gone 的用法比較,have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時間了”,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,比較have been to/in和have gone to,He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已經(jīng))去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾經(jīng)) 去過上海。,（他可能在去上海的路上，或是已到上海，反正人現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場．）,（他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在上海了．）,He has been in Shanghai for many years. 他在上海很多年了。,（他現(xiàn)在在上?；蛟S將來還在．）,have / has been (to) ＆ have / has gone (to),------------------------------------------------------------------,--- Where is your father? --- He isn’t here now. He ____ ____ to work.,2. --- Have you travelled abroad? --- Yes, I ____ ____ to America twice.,has gone,have been,用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop. ______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never. Where _____ you ______ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _______ here for several days. Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________. Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ? Li Lei is looking for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,Further study,當句子包含的時間狀語含有since和for時，動作必須用延續(xù)性動詞。,I have bought the book for a week. I have had the book for a week.,buy是短暫性動詞,have是延續(xù)性動詞,非延續(xù)性動詞又叫終止性動詞或瞬間動詞- ---不能和一段時間連用,延續(xù)性動詞----可以和一段時間連用,They have come here for two days.,They have been here for two days.,×,√,be是延續(xù)性動詞,come是短暫性動詞,×,√,5.短暫動詞和 延續(xù)動詞轉(zhuǎn)換,,have,keep,be here,be away (from),be open/ be closed,be on,be over,be dead,have a cold,be interested in,be married,,wear,be up,be awake,be asleep,be in=be a member of,be in/at,Choose the best answer,1 — What a nice watch ！How long __ you __ it？ — Just three weeks A will，buy B did，buy C have ，had 2 — you ___in Greener China for a long time？ —Yes，I joined it five years ago A Have，been B Has ，joined C Have ，joined 3 Teacher Li Japan，he___ Japan for two years. A has been to，has been to B has gone to ，has been in C has gone to ，has been to 4 The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer for half an hour A has left B has been away C has gone away 5 I this book for two days ，I have to return it now A borrowed B have borrowed C have kept,（C）,（A）,（B）,（B）,（C）,6----When you your old friend? ----The day before yesterday. A will,visit B did ,visit C have ,visited 7 Mrs White ___ in this school since she came here. A teaches B taught C has taught 8 No children____ football in the street since a car hit a boy last Sunday. A have played B played C playing 9 ----I’m sorry to keep you waiting. ----Oh,not at all,I ___ here only for a few minutes. A was B have been C will be 10 His grandfather since 1936. A died B has died C has been dead,（B）,（C）,（A）,（B）,,（C）,現(xiàn)在完成時 vs. 一般過去時,I have studied History for two years. I had a History lesson yesterday. I have learnt a lot about Greek history. I read the story of the Trojan War last week.,We use (the present perfect tense/ the simple past tense) to talk about a past experience which has a connection to the present. We use (the present perfect tense/ the simple past tense) to talk about a completed action in the past.,,,I have lost my watch.,I lost my watch.,----------,現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,不能夠與in1998 ,three days ago 和just now 等明確的過去的時間狀語連用.,一般過去時只是表示動作是發(fā)生在過去,和現(xiàn)在并沒有什么直接與必然的聯(lián)系, 因此一般過去是可以和表示明確的過去的時間狀語連用.,現(xiàn)在完成時 vs. 一般過去時,Read and complete,B1 Read the following conversation between the captain and a soldier from the story “The Trojan horse”. Complete it with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.,have gone,left,came,have tried,have won,have left,didn’t take,,,B2 Complete the diary below with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.,bought,went,opened,never been,have,visited,have seen,bought,have read,,,,,拓展句型,for + 時段 =since + 時間點 It has been + 時間段 + since + 過去時態(tài)的句子。 時間段+ has passed+ since + 過去時態(tài)的句子。 Eg. She has learned English for 5 years. = She has learned English since 5 years ago. = It has been 5 years since she began to learn English. =Five years has passed since she began to learn English.,,小試牛刀,寫出下列句子的同義句，句數(shù)不限： 1.We haven't seen each other for a long time. 2. She has been here since 1989. 3. I have been here since five months ago. 4. Great changes have taken place since you left. 5. He has lived in Beijing since he was born .,學(xué)案練習(xí),Grammar學(xué)案 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法： 觀察一：Now we have planted all the trees. He has just come back. They have built many buildings in this city. 表示到現(xiàn)在為止 __________或 __________的動作。 觀察二： Someone has broken the window. (窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的) I have already lost the key. (我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解書的內(nèi)容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干凈的) 表示過去發(fā)生的動作,強調(diào)_________ _或________。 常與_______(已經(jīng)肯定),_______(已經(jīng)否定), ________(剛剛), _______(曾經(jīng))等詞連用. 觀察三：She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born. Has he lived in Shenzhen since 4 years ago? 表示過去已經(jīng)開始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 也許還會繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，常與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時間的狀語連用。 常與__________, _______ ___引導(dǎo)的時間短語或從句連用.,yet,結(jié)束,對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果,影響,already,for + 時段,just,ever,完成,since+過去句子或時間,二，基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ _______ ___ + ______ ____ (done) ①肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他 ②否定句：主語+ _______ ___+ __________+ ______ ____+其他 ③一般疑問句：__________+主語+ ______ ____+其他？ ④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他） 練習(xí)一：根據(jù)要求填空 He has finished his homework. He ______ ______ his homework yet (變成否定句） ________ ____he_________ ___his homework yet？(變成一疑問句） _______ _____ ( 肯定回答） _________ ___(否定回答） ___________________________________________(就劃線部分提問) 練習(xí)二：用所給動詞的適當形式填空。 1. I ________ ____(teach) English in this school since 1997. 2. Lilei_______ _____(keep) the library book for five days. 3. Kate_______ _____ (see) her grandmother's photo before. 4. So far , we_______ _____(build) thousands of Buildings in Fuzhou. 5. I_______ _____( be) to Beijing already.,have / has,過去分詞,have / has,have / has,過去分詞,過去分詞,has not finished,not,Has finished,Yes, he has .,No, he hasn’t .,what has he finished?,have taught,has kept,has seen,have built,have been,already 已經(jīng),yet 還， 仍然,just 剛剛,ever 曾經(jīng),never 從不,before 以前,since 自…以來,for …….,recently 近來,so far 到目前為止,課測 一．用括號里的單詞正確形式填空。 1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week. 2. _____ he ___ _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long ______ the Wangs ________(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework. 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. 10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?,have seen,saw,Has finished,has come,has gone,have worked,moved,have made,have stayed,have finished,goes,Have found,is,were reading,is climbing,will come,Have seen,( )1. — Have you ____ travelled by train? — Yes, I have. A. never B. ever C. just D. yet ( )2. — Have you finished your homework？ — Not ____. A. yet B. already C. ever D. just ( )3. We haven’t studied Unit 6 ____. A. never B. ever C. already D. yet ( )4. — Have you ____ learnt English? — Yes, I’ve ___ learnt a lot. A. never; ever B. ever; never C. ever; already D. never; already 5. — Have you handed in your homework __? — Yes, I’ve done that __. A. yet; already B. already; yet C. ever; never D. still; just ( )6. John’s father ____ borrowed some pictures. A. have already B. has just C. have ever D. has yet ( )7. He ____ returned the book to the library yet. A. has B. hasn’t C. does D. doesn’t ( ) 8.—Our country ____ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even _____ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better,課外鞏固練習(xí),1. I’m sorry you’ve missed the train. It ______ ten minutes ago. A. has left B. left C. had left D. has been left 2. A: _____ you ever ______ to Singapore? B: Yes, I went there last year. A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Are; going 3. A: I have completed my school work. B: When ___ you ____ it? have; finished B. do; finish C. did; finish D. will; finish,B,A,Exercises,C,when問句不用現(xiàn)在完成時,句中有過去的時間狀語就一定是一般過去時,4 . A: John has already gone to England. B: When ____ he _____ there? A. will; go B. is; going C. did; go D. has; gone 5. A: Have you read this book? B: Yes, I _____ it two weeks ago. A. am reading B. have read C. will read D. read,C,D,中 考 鏈 接,I’m not hungry because I ____ lunch already. (10年廣州) A. have B. had C. am having D. have had,,中 考 鏈 接,2. -___ you ___ the film Harry Potter 5 ? -Not yet. I‘ll see it this Sunday.(09年廣州) A. Did, see B. Are, seeing C. Have, seen D. Do, see,,2.Sam ____ Chinese since he came to China. He speaks Chinese well now.（09年上海） A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. will learn,中 考 鏈 接,,,____ many students in China ever ____ to westerners before? (10年江西) A. Are, speaking B. Do, speak C. Did, speak D. Have, spoken,中 考 鏈 接,,我女兒剛出去。 My daughter has just gone out. 我肯定我們已經(jīng)見過面。 I’m sure we’ve already met. 牛奶的奶擠了嗎？ Have you milked the cow yet? 我還沒有吃早餐。 I haven’t had breakfast yet. 我從沒聽說過。 I have never heard that before.,,1) 她剛吃過午飯。（指現(xiàn)在還不太餓） 2) 她剛吃了午飯。 3) 她這些日子都在練習(xí)游泳。 4) 她上周練習(xí)了游泳。,She has just had her lunch.,She had her lunch just now.,She has practised swimming these days.,She practised swimming last week.,1.They _________________________________ (完成)the project. 2. The meeting _________________________.(還沒有開始) 3. He ____________________ (剛回來) back from America.,have already finished,hasn’t begun yet,has just come,Exercises,