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Polar-ice meltdown Some scientists warn that ice near the Earth's Poles may indeed be melting.This “polar meltdown” may be the first sign that the Earth is heating up.We could be in very serious trouble if this trend continues.①It is estimated that a meltdown of as little as 10 percent of,Module 1 Deep South,Antarctica‘s ice would raise sea levels around the globe by 4 to 9 meters.Floods would cover low-lying regions and turn coastal cities like New York and New Orleans into real life underwater world. Scientists first predicted in the 1970s that heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere could cause a polar meltdown.Many people now believe that human activities are turning up the heat.When we burn fossil fuels like coal and oil，we add carbon dioxide (CO2) gas to the Earth's atmosphere.Cutting down trees also makes CO2 levels rise,because trees normally soak up CO2 to make food.Scientists say higher CO2 levels strengthen the “greenhouse effect” and could increase the Earth's temperature.②In fact，CO2 levels have risen by 30 percent since the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. Over the past three years，satellite measurements have shown a sea level rise of about a quarter inch worldwide.③“If nothing is done to reduce fossil-fuel pollution and global warming，sea levels will rise even more.” says geologist Richard Alley.,But even Alley admits that a polar meltdown would take time.The ice in Antarctica and Arctic locks up nearly nine times the volume of water contained in all the world's rivers and lakes.These are such big “ice cubes” and it would probably take thousands of years to melt them. Another scientist Charles Bentley doesn't think a meltdown will happen at all.“Even if warmer temperatures begin to melt polar-ice，” he says，“the excess moisture would most likely be redeposited as snow.” In other words，the melted ice would evaporate into the atmosphere，refreeze，and fallas rain and snow over the Poles.,①這次會議預(yù)計(jì)要開4天。 It is estimated that the meeting will last four days. ②產(chǎn)量比去年至少提高了20%。 The output has risen by no less than 20 percent over the last year. ③如果明天天好，我們將外出。 If it is fine tomorrow，we will go outing.,1．佳句仿寫一二三,In other words，the melted ice would evaporate into the atmosphere，refreeze，and fall as rain and snow over the Poles. 換句話說，融化的冰將會蒸發(fā)到大氣中，再凝固，然后以雨或雪降落到極地。,2．翻譯佳句，放眼高考,Ⅰ.單詞識記 1．________n．a(chǎn) person who travels to unknown places in order to find out more about them 2．________n．the total amount of rain that falls in a particular area in a particular amount of time 3．________adj.difficult to stay or live in，especially because there is no shelter from the weather,Period One Introduction,Reading and Vocabulary,4．________v．to make somebody/something unsteady and in danger of falling 5．________v．to help something to happen or develop 6．________adj.happening or done once every year 7．________n．the distance from the top or surface to the bottom of something 8．________n．a(chǎn) formal agreement between two or more countries 9．________adj.connected with the buying and selling of goods and services,10．________adj.(of people，political organizations， opinions，etc.) far from what most people consider to be normal，reasonable or acceptable 答案 1.explorer 2.rainfall 3.inhospitable 4.balance 5.promote 6.annual 7.depth 8.treaty mercial 10．extreme,Ⅱ.短語天地 1．________________幾乎為零 2．________________處于一種冰凍狀態(tài) 3．________________平均 4．________________使適應(yīng) 5．________________顯眼，出色 6．in the form of________________ 7．set foot on ________________ 8．in particular________________ 9．reach a depth of________________ 10．be made up of________________,答案 1.close to zero 2.in a frozen state 3.on average 4．a(chǎn)dapt to 5.stand out 6.以……形式 7.踏上，進(jìn)入 8．尤其 9.深度達(dá)到…… 10.由……組成,Ⅲ.語境助記 Antarctica is an inhospitable place，with annual rainfall close to zero.It is covered with ice in a frozen state all the year round.On average，the depth of the ice is two kilometers.In some places，it reaches the depth of five kilometers.It attracts many explorers to set foot on the land.But recently，a treaty is signed to prevent the commercial use of the continent，in particular the use of military.,With annual rainfall close to zero，Antarctica is technically a desert. [信息提取] with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，表示原因。 [例句仿寫] 由于很多學(xué)生的發(fā)音很差，他們從頭開始。 With so many students__________________their pronunciation，they started from beginning.,1．,Ⅳ.句型搜索,A high mountain range，the Trans-Antarctica range，runs from east to west，cutting the continent in two. [信息提取] cutting the continent in two是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。 [例句仿寫] 她丈夫去世了，給她留下了三個孩子和許多債務(wù)。 Her husband died，________her three children and a lot of debts.,2．,Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle，but he never saw land. [信息提取] Not until放在句首要用倒裝語序。 [例句仿寫] 直到他告訴我，我才意識到這件事多么嚴(yán)重。 Not until he told me about it，__________the thing was so serious. 答案 1.weak in 2.leaving 3.did I realize,3．,Choose the best answers according to the text Which of the following sentences is WRONG about Antarctica? A．Antarctica is not only the coldest place but also the driest place on earth. B．Antarctica is the fifth largest continent in the world. C．A high mountain range，the Trans-Antarctica range，cuts the continent in two. D．Antarctica holds 70% of the world's ice and 90% of the world's fresh water.,1．,A．,Ⅴ.預(yù)讀理解,Which of the following descriptions is RIGHT about the wild life in Antarctica? A．There are flying birds，seals，whales and one type of plants. B．The long Antarctica winter night，the extreme cold and lack of rainfall make few types of plants. C．There are some trees on the large continent. D．Only two types of flowering plants are found and no forms of algae can grow on ice.,2．,Antarctica rocks are very important for research because________． A．the rock has become a window on the past B．gases and minerals trapped in the rocks can tell us a lot about the weather in the past C．most of the rocks are meteorites from outer space D．most Antarctica rocks are dark in color,3．,________crossed the Antarctica Circle in the late 18th century. A．The British explorer James Cook B．The explorer called Norwegian C．The explorer called Carstens D．The explorer called Borchgrevink,4．,B．Fill in the blanks according to the passage,答案 A 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A B 1.coldest 2.permanently 3.extreme 4.wildlife 5．researchers 6.last 7.set foot on 8.protect 9.symbol 10．progress,promote vt.支持，鼓勵；提倡；升職，提升，晉升(通常用被動語態(tài))；促進(jìn)，促銷 The organization aims to promote cooperation between the two nations.該組織旨在促進(jìn)兩國之間的合作。 Throughout history，advertising has been an effective way to promote the trading and selling of goods. 縱觀歷史，廣告是促進(jìn)商品銷售的一種有效辦法。,1．,(1)promote sb(from sth) to sth把某人(從某職位)提升到某職位 be promoted to.被升為…… promote development/understanding促進(jìn)發(fā)展/加深了解 (2)promotion n．提升，晉級；鼓勵；提倡 get/win/gain promotion得到/爭取晉升 She's just been promoted to chief editor. 她剛剛被提升為總編輯。,【完成句子】 ①他努力工作，想得到晉升。 He worked hard to________________． ②由于出色的工作，他被提升為總經(jīng)理。 He has________general manager because of his excellent work in the company. 答案 ①get/win/gain promotion ②been promoted to,trap v．把……困在，使陷于(尤指危險(xiǎn)之地)；使無力改變；使落網(wǎng)；誘騙；儲存，留存；n.陷阱；困境；圈套 The two men died when they were trapped in a burning building.這兩名男子因被困在燃燒著的大樓里而喪生。 I was trapped into admitting that I had lied. 我中了圈套，承認(rèn)自己撒謊了。 (1)trap sb into (doing) sth使某人上當(dāng)，使中計(jì) trap water儲水 be trapped in被困在…… (2)set/lay a trap for布好陷阱/設(shè)下圈套 be caught in a trap of.陷入……的困境,2．,,【完成句子】 ①由于困于無愛的婚姻，許多婦女覺得生活單調(diào)。 ________loveless marriages，many women feel that life is colorless. ②我上當(dāng)了，相信了他的謊言。 He________me________believing his lies. 答案 ①Trapped in ②trapped；into,adapt vt. (1)adapt oneself to sth使自己適應(yīng)…… He adapted himself to the new environment/climate. 他自己適應(yīng)了新環(huán)境/氣候。 (2)adapt sth for sth(from sth) (為電視、舞臺等)改編或改寫 This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original.這部小說已由俄文原著改編成無線電廣播節(jié)目。,3．,(3)adapt sth for sth使某事物適合新的用途、情況等而修改某事物 This machine has been specially adapted for using underwater. 這機(jī)器是為水下使用而特別改裝的。 adapt from根據(jù)……改寫/改編 adopt vt.收養(yǎng)；采取，采納，采用；正式通過,,【完成句子】 ①他花了很長時間來適應(yīng)北方寒冷的天氣。 It took him a long time to________himself________the cold weather in the north. ②據(jù)說這部新電影是根據(jù)簡·奧斯汀的一本小說改編的。 It's said that the new film is______________a novel by Jane Austen. 答案 ①adapt；to ②adapted from,state (1)n.狀態(tài)，狀況 The vice president is in a state of poor health. 副總統(tǒng)健康狀況不佳。 (2)vt.陳述，說明，聲明 It has been stated that Taiwan is only part of China. 臺灣是中國的一部分是早已聲明的事實(shí)。 in the state of 在……情況下 in a good/ bad state情況好/糟糕 normal state正常情況 a good state of health良好的健康狀態(tài),4．,,【辨析】 state/condition/situation state 常用詞，指“人或事物所處的狀態(tài)” The country is in a state of war. 這個國家處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)。 condition 指由于一定的原因、條件或環(huán)境所產(chǎn)生的特定情況 His condition will not permit him to travel. 他的身體狀況不允許他出游。 situation 指多種具體情況造成的綜合狀態(tài)，著重這種狀態(tài)的影響和處于該狀態(tài)事物的關(guān)系 We are in difficult situation.我們處境艱難。,用state/condition/situation適當(dāng)形式填空。 ①那所房子很臟。 The house was in a dirty________． ②他是否參加會議要看他的健康狀況。 Whether he will attend the meeting depends on the________of his health. ③眾所周知，美國目前經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況艱難。 As we all know，America is in a difficult________in economy at present. 答案 ①state ②condition ③situation,Anyone who wants to make progress should be free from arrogance and rashness. 凡是想進(jìn)步的人都應(yīng)該戒驕戒躁。 He can't write a single sentence free from mistakes. 他寫不出一個沒有錯誤的句子來。,1．free from不受……影響的；沒有……的,【完成句子】 ①我過去住在一個遠(yuǎn)離污染的村莊。 I used to live in a small village____________pollution. ②周末，由于沒有了無休無止的家庭作業(yè)，學(xué)生們一起騎車去看日出。 __________________endless homework on weekends，the students take a ride together to watch the sunrise. 答案 ①free from ②Being free from,Who do you think was the first person to set foot on Australia？你認(rèn)為誰是第一個到達(dá)澳大利亞的人？ After the 10-hour flight，they finally set foot on Chinese soil.經(jīng)過10個小時的飛行，他們終于踏上了中國的國土。 set about doing sth開始，著手做某事 set out to do sth著手做某事 set aside/apart存儲，留出，放在一邊 set back使倒退；使受挫折；撥回(表針) set aside存儲；留出；放在一邊 set down寫下，記下；放下,,2．set foot on/in進(jìn)入；到達(dá),【單項(xiàng)填空】 ①第一個踏上月球的是一個叫阿姆斯特朗的美國人。 An American called Armstrong became the first man to________the moon. ②你最好把你的想法寫下來，以免忘記。 You'd better________your ideas before you forget it. 答案 ①set foot on ②set down,stand out (from/against sth) (1)突出，顯眼 Red stands out against a white background. 白底襯著紅色，特別醒目。 (2)卓越；杰出；遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地超過 (stand out from sb/ sth) They were all attractive，but she stood out from the others. 她們都很迷人，但她比其他人更有魅力。,3．,stand for代表；象征；為……的縮略形式 stand by 袖手旁觀 stand by sb支持；幫助；擁護(hù)(某人) stand against靠在……；依……站立；反對……； 抵抗……,【完成句子】 ①在白雪的映襯下，這些紅花格外醒目。 The red flowers________against the white snow. ②他們都很出色，但班長比其他人更優(yōu)秀。 They are all excellent，but our monitor ______ the others. 答案 ①stand out ②stands out from,in the form of “以……形式” 或“呈……形狀” The main staircase was in the form of a big “S”． 主樓梯呈S形。 People are bombarded with information in the form of magazines and TV advertising. 信息以雜志和電視廣告的形式向人們連續(xù)轟炸。,4．,【翻譯句子】 ①以錢的形式支助是再好不過的。 __________________________________________________ ②教堂常常建成十字形。 __________________________________________________ 答案 ①Help in the form of money will be most welcome. ②Churches are often built in the form of crosses.,With annual rainfall close to zero，Antarctica is technically a desert.南極洲年降雨量幾乎為零，嚴(yán)格來說，該區(qū)域就是一片荒漠。 with annual rainfall close to zero 為介詞短語，表示原因，由介詞＋名詞＋形容詞(詞組)組成，即“with ＋賓語＋形容詞短語”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。,1．,用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①He sat there with his eyes________(fix) on the sky. ②He sat there with his hand________(point) at me. ③With so many essays________(write)，he won't have time to go shopping this afternoon. 答案 ①fixed ②pointing ③to write,Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle，but he never saw land.直到18世紀(jì)末，英國探險(xiǎn)家詹姆斯·庫克才穿越了南極圈，但他卻始終未發(fā)現(xiàn)任何陸地。 當(dāng)not until位于句首時，句子要倒裝。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Not until＋從句/表時間的詞＋助動詞＋(主句)主語＋謂語＋…… Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking. 直到老師進(jìn)來學(xué)生們才停止講話。,2．,(1)當(dāng) not until 引導(dǎo)的狀語或狀語從句用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時，句子的主謂語不倒裝。 It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown. (2)not.until/ till.直到……才……該句型通常與非延續(xù)性動詞(如：come，go，leave，reach，get，meet，realize，understand，arrive at 等)連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表示的動作或情景一直到until/till所表示的時間才發(fā)生，主句必須是否定句。 They won't come home until it is dark. 直到天黑他們才回家。,(3)until/till 用于肯定句中，主句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞(如：study，stay，sleep，work等), 表示這一動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到until/till所表示的時間為止。 He watched TV until/ till midnight last night. 昨晚他看電視一直到半夜。,【單項(xiàng)填空】 ①Not until I came home last night________to bed. A．Mum did go B．did Mum go C．went Mum D．Mum went ②It was________back home after the experiment. A．not until midnight did he go B．until midnight that he didn't go C．until midnight when he didn't go D．not until midnight that he went 答案 ①B ②D,