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修飾名詞或代詞(不定代詞或疑問代詞)等的詞、短語或者從句稱為定語。一般單個的單詞作定語放在該修飾名詞之前(前置定語)，短語和句子放在該修飾名詞之后(后置定語)。,Period Four Grammar(1) & Grammar(2),1．定語的概念,一、定語,2．定語的類型,【單項填空】 ①Some________students in our class hope to be________doctors in the future. A．girls；woman's B．girl；women C．girl；woman D．girls'；women's ②Yesterday she asked me if there was________to read，but I happened to lend it to someone else. A．easy enough something B．enough easy something C．something enough easy D．something easy enough,③This________girl is Linda's niece. A．pretty little Spanish B．Spanish little pretty C．Spanish pretty little D．little pretty Spanish 答案 ①B ②D ③A,二、定語從句 表一 定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語,表二 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。,表三 as作關(guān)系代詞的用法,表四 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,表五 關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的判斷,表六 經(jīng)常使用非限制性定語從句的場合,【定語從句對比練習(xí)】 ①This is one of the most interesting plays________shown last week. ②This is the very one of the most interesting plays________shown last week. A．which was B．that was C．which were D．that were ①He has two brothers，________are college students. ②He has two brothers，and________are college students. A.both of which B．both of whom C．both of them D．both of it,1．,2．,①He still lives in the apartment________window faces to the east. ②He still lives in the apartment，the window________faces to the east. ③He still lives in the apartment________is in the north of the city. ④He still lives in the apartment________there is a beautiful table. A．which B．whose C．where D．of which,3．,①________leaves the hall last ought to turn off the lights. ②________who leaves the hall last ought to turn off the lights. ③________who leave the hall last ought to turn off the lights. A．Anyone B．Who C．Those D．Whoever,4．,①________we all know，China is abundant in natural resources. ②________is well-known that China is abundant in natural resources. ③________is well-known，China is abundant in natural resources. A．Which B．As C．It D．That 答案 1.①D ②B 2.①B ②C 3.①B ②D ③A ④C 4.①D ②A ③C 5.①B ②C ③B,5．,最近某高中擬開展以“校園拒絕零食”為主題的活動。假如你是該校學(xué)生會主席，請你以學(xué)生會的名義，參考下面的內(nèi)容提示，給全校學(xué)生寫一封倡議書。 內(nèi)容提示： 1．描述吃零食的現(xiàn)象； 2．闡述吃零食的影響； 3．提出合理化的建議。,倡議書,注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右，開頭已為你寫好(不計入總詞數(shù))； 2．參考詞匯：snacks零食；phenomenon現(xiàn)象 Dear fellow students， There is a serious phenomenon in our school.____________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________,【寫作分析】 第一步：認(rèn)真審題 一審體裁：本文要求寫一篇倡議書，屬于記敘文范疇。 二審格式：倡議書不同于演講稿，格式一般按照書信格式就可以，時態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時，用第一人稱較合適。 三審結(jié)構(gòu)：這類文章一般是提出問題，闡述這種問題的影響，再提出解決問題的建議。可以適當(dāng)使用祈使句，以增強(qiáng)倡議書的號召力度。,第二步：提煉要點 1．a(chǎn) waste of 2．in addition 3．lead to fatness and illness 4．What is worse. 5．not.any more,第三步：擴(kuò)點成句 1．Eating snacks is a bad habit as well as a waste of money. 2．Eating snacks improperly may lead to fatness and illness.What is worse，some students throw the wrappers everywhere，which is a bad behaviour and pollutes our campus. 3．Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balanced diet are essential for us.,【品味佳作】 Dear fellow students， There is a serious phenomenon in our school.We find many students will crowd in the school store to buy snacks after each class.Some students even eat snacks in class. Eating snacks is a bad habit as well as a waste of money.In addition，most snacks are unhealthy food，for they contain too much fat and sugar.Eating snacks improperly may lead to fatness and illness.What is worse，some students throw the wrappers everywhere，which is a,bad behaviour and pollutes our campus. Dear fellow students，we shouldn't act like kids any more.We high school students should develop good habits.Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balanced diet are essential for us.Let's form good eating habits and say no to snacks! Students' Union,【名師點津】 1．本文是一封倡議書。作者按照提出問題，分析問題，解決問題的思路呈現(xiàn)觀點。文中運用了很多經(jīng)典短語：as well as，in addition，lead to，what is worse等。作者巧妙地添加句式結(jié)構(gòu)，使文章流暢自然。如： In addition，most snacks are unhealthy food，for they contain too much fat and sugar.Eating snacks improperly may lead to fatness and illness. 2．文章使用一般現(xiàn)在時，條理性強(qiáng)，很有說服力。,3．亮點句式： ①We find many students will crowd in the school store to buy snacks after each class. ②Eating snacks is a bad habit as well as a waste of money. ③What is worse，some students throw the wrappers everywhere，which is a bad behaviour and pollutes our campus. ④Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balanced diet are essential for us.,【寫作模板】 Dear fellow students， There is a serious phenomenon in __ourschool.We find__________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題)． Eating snacks is______________as well as______________(危害一)．In addition，________________(危害二)．Eating snacks improperly may lead to____________________(危害三)．What is worse，____________________(危害四)． Dear fellow students，we shouldn't________________(倡議一)．We high school students should develop good habits.Remember______________________(倡議二)．Let's____________________(倡議三)！,“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞” 考點分析 總的說來，選擇介詞不外乎三條：一是根據(jù)句子意思表達(dá)的需要；二是根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配；三是根據(jù)先行詞和介詞的習(xí)慣搭配。 考查定語從句中謂語部分的搭配習(xí)慣 (1)看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配 The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.,1．,This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 注：有一些介詞為固定搭配的一部分，此時它們的位置應(yīng)注意。如： The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better. 不能說成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better. (2)看定語從句中形容詞或分詞與介詞的搭配 He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.,【即時訓(xùn)練】 ①I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction________she had come. A．of which B．by which C．in which D．from which ②He was educated at the local high school，________he went on to Beijing University. A．a(chǎn)fter which B．a(chǎn)fter that C．in which D．in that,考查先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣 這類考題往往要根據(jù)具體的語境來選擇介詞。如： This is our classroom，in the front of which there is a teacher's desk. I'll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 【即時訓(xùn)練】 ③We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us ________we gave some bells and glasses. A．to which B．to whom C．with whom D．with which,2．,考查根據(jù)句意確定介詞 Tom，by whom the window was broken，has been criticized by his teacher. I am looking for my glasses，without which I can't watch TV clearly. 【即時訓(xùn)練】 ④Eric received training in computer for one year，________he found a job in a big company. A．a(chǎn)fter that B．a(chǎn)fter which C．a(chǎn)fter it D．a(chǎn)fter this,3．,考查表示所屬關(guān)系的of which [whom] On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence，the meaning of which I don't understand. 【即時訓(xùn)練】 ⑤It is reported that two schools，________are being built in my hometown，will open next year. A .they both B．which both C．both of them D．both of which,4．,考查表示整體與部分關(guān)系的of which [whom] I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. The buses，most of which were already full，were surrounded by an angry crowd. I met the fruit-pickers，several of whom were university students. 【即時訓(xùn)練】 ⑥I was given three books on cooking，the first________I really enjoyed. A．of that B．of which C．that D．which,5．,6．考查表示同位關(guān)系的of which [whom] Her sons，both of whom work abroad，rang her up this morning. 【即時訓(xùn)練】 ⑦Last week，only two people came to look at the house，________wanted to buy it. A．none of them B．both of whom C．none of whom D．neither of whom 答案 ①D ②A ③B ④B ⑤D ⑥B ⑦D,