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牛津高中英語,,(模塊四 ·高一下學(xué)期),Advance with English,Grammar and Usage,Unit,1,direct speech & reported speech,Unit 1,課件描述：,本堂課是以讓學(xué)生辨識直接引語和間接引語，如何將陳述句、疑問句、祈使句改為間接引語等為主的語法課。語法教學(xué)不能讓學(xué)生死記枯燥的規(guī)則。教師必須創(chuàng)設(shè)具體語境，讓學(xué)生在真實的語言情景中學(xué)習(xí)，在語境中學(xué)會運(yùn)用規(guī)則。,dvertising,A,Unit 1,Grammar and Usage,Lead-in,T: What did you eat this morning? Tom: ‘I ate …’ T： What did Tom say, Jack? Jack: He said he ate …,direct speech,reported speech,We use direct speech to report what exactly has been said. If we write the speech down, the words will usually appear in quotation marks.,1. Which one is direct speech and which one is reported speech? He said, ‘I will go to school tomorrow.’ She told us something secret. 2. Change the direct speech into reported speech. She said, ‘This film is quite interesting.’ ‘Finish the project tomorrow.’ he said to me.,(direct speech),(reported speech),She said that that film was quite interesting.,He asked me to finish the project the next day.,(Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase.),What should we pay attention to?,personal pronouns and tenses e.g. Miss Yang said, ‘ I will buy a new dress.’ Miss Yang said that she would buy a new dress. Ex. Simon said, ‘ I wrote a letter.’ How to change the tense? Have a look.,Simon said that he had written a letter.,,Practice 1: Change the following sentences into reported speech.,1. ‘I haven’t brought my dictionary,’ the student said. 2. Tom said to them, ‘ I will get excited.’ 3. My father said to me, ‘I am reading the book.’,The student said that he hadn’t brought his dictionary.,Tom told them that he would get excited.,My father told me that he was reading the book.,What should we pay attention to?,1 personal pronouns and tense 2 adverbials of time and place e.g. He said, ‘I lost a key here yesterday.’ He said that he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day. Ex. ‘I read the book here a week ago.’ Jane said to him.,Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before.,learn more about it,Practice 2: Change the following sentences into reported speech.,1. ‘I will come and see you again this evening, Tom.’ he said. 2. ‘I will come here again today,’ she said. 3. The doctor said to the patient, ‘You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow.’,He told Tom that he would go and see him again that evening.,She said that she’d go there again that day.,The doctor told the patient that he would have to wait till 3 p.m. the next day.,What should we pay attention to?,1. personal pronouns and tense 2. adverbials of time and place 3. other cases,Notice:,1. 直接引語中的謂語動詞為一般過去時，如與一個表示過去的時間（in 1992， last week）連用，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時可以不變。 My father said to me, “I read the book in 1986” My father told me he read the book in 1986.,2. 直接引語表達(dá)的意思是客觀真理時，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)不變。 The geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes around the sun.” The geography teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.,Complete the memo at Page 9,Possible answers: (1) was (2) wouldn’t (3) had read (4)that (5)would (6) had bought (7) that (8) would (9) those (10) Her,How to use reported speech to report:,statements,questions,imperative sentences,,Statements:,*We use noun clauses introduced by that to report statements. She said, ‘Ads are an important part of our lives.’ She said that ads were an important part of our lives. ‘There are two main types of ads,’ the writer said to us. The writer told us that there were two main types of ads. *More reporting words: ‘PSAs are often placed for free,’ the writer said. The writer explained that PSAs were often placed for free.,,,advise explain insist promise announce suggest warn,,Can you give more examples?,Practice: Change the following sentences into direct speech.,1. Tom suggested that we should translate the book into English. 2. The student explained that he really didn’t know he had to finish the work a week before. 3. The teacher promised that he would give his students a few holidays at the end of that month.,Tom said, ‘You’d better translate the book into English.’,The student said, ‘ I really don’t know I must finish the work a week ago.’,The teacher said, ‘I will give my students a few holidays at the end of this month.’,Questions:,*We use noun clauses introduced by whether/if to report yes/no-questions. ‘Are all ads playing tricks on us?’ I asked her. I asked her whether/if all ads were playing tricks on us. *We use noun clauses introduced by wh-words to report wh-questions. I asked her, ‘How can that be true?’ I asked her how that could be true. ‘Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad?’ Bill asked. Bill asked where I had found the ads for jobs abroad.,,,,Practice: Change the following sentences into reported speech.,1. My mother asked me, ‘Do you want to go to the Great Wall with me?’ 2. The teacher asked the boy, ‘How many pages have you read today?’ 3. I asked Li Ying, ‘ Where and when were you born?’,My mother asked me whether I wanted to go to the Great Wall with her.,The teacher asked the boy how many pages he had read that day.,I asked Li Ying where and when he was born.,Imperative sentences:,*To report imperative sentences, we use the structure: reporting verb+object+(not)+to-infinitive. ‘Don’t worry, Mickey,’ Jen said. Jen asked Mickey not to worry. *other verbs can be used in this structure ‘Don’t believe every ad you read,’ Lily said to me. Lily advised me not to believe every ad I read.,,reporting verb,object,(not),to-infinitive,advise encourage invite recommend warn,,Let’s do some Ex for consolidation! You can do it well!,Practice: Change the following sentences into direct speech.,1. My mother recommended me not to take those weight-loss pills. 2. My brother ordered me to go there at once. 3. My father warned us not to throw the waste paper everywhere.,My mother said to me, ‘Don’t take these weight-loss pills.,My brother said, ‘ Come here at once.’,My father said to us, ‘Don’t throw the waste paper everywhere.’,Consolidation,Finish Ex. A and B at P.11,Homework,1. Finish Ex on Page 92. 2. Make good preparations for Task part.,