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Reading 2,Unit,2,Fit for life,Unit 2,課件描述：,本課件用于Reading第二課時，通過詞匯填空，句子翻譯，小組討論以及小組報告的形式幫助學生掌握本課閱讀材料中的語言重點難點。本課教學在教師講解過程中穿插學生活動達到教學效果。,Unit 2 Reading 2,Fill in the blanks with the correct words,Aspirin is a medicine that was __________ in 1897. It has saved and brought relief to millions of people’s lives. It is made from a chemical called _____ and was first sold as a tablet in 1900. This was the first medicine to be sold as a standardized ______. It works by reducing fever and pain. It is now ___________ for reducing potential heart attacks, strokes and cancer. Many reports have been ________ about how aspirin can improve people’s health.,published; recommended; ASA; tablet; invented,invented,ASA,tablet,recommended,published,contemporary; discovered; available,penicillin is a chemical in mould that was first _________ in 1928, but it was not until World War II that penicillin was purified to be used as a medicine. It was needed as soon as it was _______ because there were many people injured in the war. It was fundamental to saving many thousands of lives and is one of the most important medicines of ____________ society.,discovered,available,contemporary,Phrases 1.集中于……上 L1 2.打開 L2 3.很有可能 L2 4.挽救……的生命 L3 5. 建議做…… L7 6.由……制成 L9 7.發(fā)生 L14 8.以粉末形式 L15,focus on,open up,There is a high probability that,recommend doing / recommend sb. to do,save one’s life,be made from,take place,in powder form,9.被制成片劑被出售L16 10.標準片劑L18 11.最暢銷的止痛藥L19 12.減少心臟病的 發(fā)作L23 13.進行一項研究L26 14.延長人類 壽命L31 15.被認為是L36,be sold as a tablet,standardized tablet,best-selling painkiller,reduce the risk of heart attack,carry out a study,increase the length of people’s lives,be considered to be,16.在當代L37 17. 在……上試用某物L41 18.使……變純L45 19.成功地做成某事L47 20.化學方法L48 21.大量L49 22. 由于被廣 泛使用L60 23.夢想實現(xiàn)L51 24神奇的藥片L59,in contemporary society,try sth. out on…,make it pure,manage to do sth.,chemical techniques,in large quantities,due to the widespread use of,a dream come true,wonder drug,,Language points,1.The article will focus on two drugs that started a revolution in medicine.,focus on: to pay much attention to, focus one’s attention/efforts/energy on / upon sb./sth. 集中（注意力、努力、精力等）于……；把……集中在……上； focus one’s mind/minds on / upon sb./sth 把思想/心思集中在……上； focus one’s eyes/gaze on … 注視著……,1. Each exercise____________ a different grammar point. 2. In China, scientists have_________________（努力）cloning animals, as well as stem cells to be used in medical research.,focuses on,focused on,2. If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to medicine counter in the world, it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin.,open up 打開（門、容器等）；營業(yè)，開業(yè)；開辟， 開創(chuàng)，開拓,The doorman ___________（打開） the school gate at six every morning. In this way they ___________ a favourable situation.,opens up,opened up,It’s likely that… sb./sth. is likely to do sth.,這趟火車很可能晚點。,The train is likely to be late.,It is likely that the train will be late.,比較：probable: adj. 很可能的，與likely意思相近，有時可以互換；possible的語氣稍弱。他們各自的句型如下：It’s probable/possible for sb. to do sth. It’s probable/possible that …,probability n. 1. The probability of getting all the answers correct is about one in ten. 2. There's a high/strong probability (that) (= It is very likely that) she'll be here. 3. Until yesterday, the project was just a possibility, but now it has become a real probability.,3.Both of these medicines have saved millions of people’s lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.,adv. 1. 有益的；有利的；有幫助的[(+for/to)] 2. 【律】有權益的；受益的 beneficial legacy 有權受益的遺產(chǎn),鈣對我們的骨骼有益。,Calcium is beneficial to our bones.,CF: be advantageous to 對……有利 be beneficial to 對……有益,這兩者的區(qū)別可以歸結為advantageous和beneficial 的區(qū)別。 advantageous 指在相對的位置上或成功的機會方面給予改善：提供優(yōu)勢的 beneficial 意為增進健康，增長經(jīng)驗等；,4. Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.,vt. 1. 嚼,咀嚼,嚼碎 He chews gum. 2. 深思,細想,熟慮[(+over)] I'll chew the problem over for a few days. He chewed over the problem for several days before making his decision.,他嚼口香糖。,這個問題我會仔細思考幾天。,他對這個問題詳細考慮了好多天才作出決定。,chew on 1. 咀嚼[(+on)],He was chewing on his meat as he found it hard to swallow.,2. 斟酌，仔細考慮,He took my offer after chewing on it.,仔細考慮后他接受了我的提議。,及物動詞 vt. 1. 擁有，持有；具有；占有[W] The country possesses rich mineral deposits.,這個國家擁有豐富礦藏。,in the possession of和in possession of和take possession of有什么區(qū)別呢？,in the possession of 為物做主語， in possession of 為人做主語， take possession of 為人做主語，,eg. We are in possession of those buildings. Those buildings are in the possession of us.,eg The little boy takes possession of the firm.,In the one-year trial, you must work hard and prove your ability.,trial (n.) —try (v.): a test to see if something is effective or someone is suitable,5. The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899 when the company Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients.,1) Clinical trials should be done before a new drug can be put into use.,2) The first trial flight has been a great success.,3) They let me have the computer on trial for three months.,4) It was by/through trial and error that I learnt most of what I know about gardening.,distribute vt. 分配; 分給; 分送；區(qū)分; 分類；分布; 散布,習慣用語 distribute.over . 把……配給到（分配到, 散布于）…… distribute sth. to 把某物分（配, 發(fā)）給…… distribute sth. among 把某物分（配, 發(fā)）給……,distribute books among the students 把書分給學生,distribute seeds over a field 在田間播種,distribute books to students 給學生發(fā)書,6.Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.,adv. 1. 生命的;維持生命所必需的 Growth and decay are vital processes. 生長和衰亡是生命過程。 2. 充滿活力的,生氣勃勃的 The Chinese I knew were trusting, open, and vital. 我所認識的中國人信賴別人,坦率,充滿活力。 3. 極其重要的,必不可少的[(+to/for)] The questions put forward at the meeting are of vital importance. 會上提出的那些問題極其重要。 4. 致命的;生死攸關的 He committed a vital error. 他犯了一個致命的錯誤。,,7. Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks, because it helps the blood circulate better.,potential潛在的,可能的 The dispute has scared away potential investors. 這一爭端嚇走了潛在的投資者。,可能性;潛力,潛能[(+for)] She has acting potential, but she needs training.,Circulate (1)vi. 流行，傳播 Rumours began to circulate that the chairman was going to resign.,主席打算辭職的謠言開始流傳。,(2)散發(fā)，散布 The letter has been circulated to shareholders.,這封信已經(jīng)發(fā)到了各個股東手里。,(3) vt./vi. (使)循環(huán)；(使)流通,a machine designed to circulate warm air,為使暖空氣環(huán)流而設計的機器,,slow narrow calm warm dry dirty better lower,1) The train ____ down to half its speed.,2) The river ______ at the point.,3) I couldn’t _____ her.,4) Please ______ the milk.,5) Nothing ______ sooner than a tear.,6) Don’t ______ your hands, children.,7) He ______ his voice not to wake her.,slowed,narrows,calm,warm,dries,dirty,lowered,,quiet thin idle empty yellow busy better wrong grey,Please make sentences with the following words:,8. … and in 1977, a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke. Lines26-27,1) Chinese astronauts ____________ the mission in space exploration successfully. 2) Once a plan is made, it should __________ no matter how difficult it is.,have carried out,be carried out,,carry out; carry away; carry on; carry through; carry off,They are ___________ urgent repairs. Marsha got so __________ when arguing with her husband that she hit him. Jean _________ all the prizes. Even after the music started they __________ talking. His strong determination ______ him ________ his illness.,carrying out,carried away,carried off,carried on,carried through,9. … aspirin could reduce the risk of some cancers by 40 per cent.,Eating a lot of green food helps ________________________ . If you tell me the truth, you will ________________________. By criticizing the boss he risked _______ his job. (lose),reduce the risk of heart disease,reduce the risk of being scolded,losing,減少心臟病的危險,減少挨罵的風險,You have to take/run a lot of risks if you want to succeed in business. Anyone swimming in this lake does so at his own risk. The disease is spreading and all young children are at risk.,冒險,有某人自擔風險,處境危險,Guess the meaning of each phrase.,10. He noted that a dish in which he was trying to grow bacteria for an experiment looked abnormal.,note: notice/write down,1) Please note that this shop will be closed on Sundays. 2) He keeps a diary to note what happens to him.,1) We should also read the notes on the text at the back of the book. 2) He took another look and found it was a 10-pound note. 3) We always take notes in class. 4) At first I was going to write Kathy a note, but then I decided to call her instead. 5) Lily has a nice voice but she had trouble hitting the high notes.,Guess the meaning of “note (n.)” .,注釋,紙幣,筆記,便條,音符,11. He immediately thought that the mould might have an application in treating illness caused by bacteria.,application (n.)—apply (v.),Genetic engineering has many applications in agriculture. 2) Our university welcomes applications from overseas students.,應用,申請,Fill in the blanks.,Scientific discoveries are often applied _____ industrial processes. 2) I want to apply _____ the boss ___ this task.,to,for,to,The ________ of new scientific discoveries to industrial processes often makes jobs easier to do. 2) He has developed a number of _______ software. 3) She put her knowledge of German to good ____. 4) I want to write a book on modern English ______.,application,application,use,usage,,use; usage; application,12. Second, it was difficult to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective.,effective 有效的 effective resistance 【電】有效電阻 take effective measures 采取有效措施 The description of the fire is very effective. 對大火的描述極其生動,efficient有效率的 ; 能勝任的 efficient methods 經(jīng)濟而有效的方法 an efficient manager 稱職的經(jīng)理,effectual 奏效的 Quinine is an effectual preventive for malaria. 奎寧是有效的瘧疾預防藥。,13. And managed to make and test the new drugs in large quantities. Lines48-49,1) Buy vegetables _____________, and you’ll be given a very good discount. 2) When young at college, dad bought books ______________, for life was too hard.,in large quantities,in small quantities,大量,少量,Large quantities of goods ____ been stored for the winter.,large/small quantities of + n. + pred. [pl.] a quantity of + /u/ + pred. [sing],have,Large quantities of food ____ been stored for the winter.,have,A large quantity of beer ____ been sold.,has,14. … the government approval process for penicillin was accelerated, and mass production was begun in 1944.,approval正誤用法 ■人們都喜歡別人贊同自己所做的事情。 誤：We all like others to show approvals of what we do. 正：We all like others to show approval of what we do. 析：approval(批準，認可，贊同)是不可數(shù)名詞。 ■我們已得到他的允許可以使用他的汽車。 誤：We have obtained his approval to use his car. 正：We have obtained his approval of our using his car. 析：approval 后通常不接不定式，若語義上需要，可 用 of doing sth。,及物動詞 vt.,accelerate,使增速 The driver stepped on the gas and accelerated the car. 司機加大油門,讓汽車加速行駛。,促進；促使……早日發(fā)生 The bad weather accelerated our departure. 糟糕的天氣促使我們早日離開。,不及物動詞 vi. 加快；增長；增加 The car suddenly accelerated. 汽車突然加快了速度。,The new policy raised a storm of mass protests. The sun makes up about 99% of the mass of solar system. The trains provided cheap travel for the masses. Stored in the computer is a huge mass of data.,大量,質(zhì)量,群眾,許多,mass adj. mass n.,15. Due to the widespread use of penicillin, many lives were saved during World War II. Lines 50-51,The flight will arrive late due to the heave fog. When is the next train due? Please let me know when the rent is due in advance. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday.,16. If… sickness of even small wounds,The long sickness wasted his strength. 長期的疾病耗損了他的體力。 A painful sickness cast a gloom over the young girl. 病痛使那個年輕姑娘情緒低落。 The tsetse fly is a bearer of sleeping sickness. 采采蠅為傳染昏睡病的媒介。 The holy man healed them of their sickness. 那位圣人治好了他們的病。 The passengers turned quite green with sea- sickness. 旅客們由于暈船而臉色發(fā)青.,trial; thin; note; application; mass due to; carry out; reduce the risk of in large quantities; a dream come true not until; it is … before …,Group discussion,Presentation,trial; thin; note; application; mass due to; carry out; reduce the risk of in large quantities; a dream come true not until; it is … before …,Homework,Review the words and phrases we have learned today.,