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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大題精做02閱讀理解推理判斷題含解析新人教版 【題型突破】 一、常見提問方式 1. The writer/author/passage implies/suggests(暗示) that ________. 2. It can be inferred(推斷) from the story that ________. 3. We can learn from the passage that ________. 4. The passage is intended to ________. 5. The first paragraph of this passage is to ________. 6. From the passage, we can learn/conclude that ________. 7. The passage may from/be a(n) ________. 8. Which of the following might happen later? 9. What will the passage talk about/What will the author/writer write in the next paragraph? 二、選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn) 1. 正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)： （1）一般含義比較豐富，具有一定的綜合性和概括性；（2）表述一般不會(huì)太絕對(duì)，會(huì)用一些意義相對(duì)寬泛的詞，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；（3）有時(shí)候與通過(guò)常識(shí)判斷出的結(jié)論相反，要特別注意。 2. 干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)： （1）只是原文的簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)述，而非推斷出的結(jié)論；（2）與推斷出來(lái)的正確結(jié)果相反；（3）根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷是正確的，然而不是在文章事實(shí)或上下文邏輯的基礎(chǔ)上推理得出的結(jié)論；（4）雖然以文章提供的事實(shí)或內(nèi)在邏輯為依據(jù)，但推理過(guò)頭、概括過(guò)度；（5）部分選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容純屬編造。 推理判斷題的設(shè)題形式有很多，不同的題型對(duì)應(yīng)不同的技巧。如下表所示： 推斷內(nèi)容 考查點(diǎn) 解題方法 推斷隱含含義 考查考生透過(guò)詞語(yǔ)的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力 1. 跳讀，找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)（推理的依據(jù)）；2. 細(xì)讀，理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意義；3. 結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，理解作者的言外之意。 推斷寫作意圖 考查考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容推斷作者寫該文章的目的的能力 根據(jù)文體的特點(diǎn)和用途來(lái)推斷作者的寫作目的：1.記敘文，特別是個(gè)人的有趣經(jīng)歷或幽默故事類的文章——娛樂讀者；2. 夾敘夾議文——讓讀者得到某種啟示或教育；3. 廣告和議論文——說(shuō)服讀者接受某種產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)或接受某種觀點(diǎn)；4. 科普說(shuō)明文或新聞報(bào)道——告知讀者某些信息。 推斷下段內(nèi)容、文章出處 考查考生通過(guò)閱讀材料，預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容及推斷材料的來(lái)源的能力 1. 根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)推斷；2. 根據(jù)各種文體的特征來(lái)判斷其出處：如廣告的用詞和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨認(rèn)；報(bào)紙的前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱；產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明的特點(diǎn)也比較明顯，一般會(huì)介紹其名稱、作用、操作方式等。 推斷目標(biāo)讀者 考查考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容推斷此篇文章主要是寫給誰(shuí)看的的能力 根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是從作者使用的詞語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)氣來(lái)判斷。 真題精做 Passage 1（xx·新課標(biāo)卷I，B） 體裁 話題 詞數(shù) 難度 建議時(shí)間 說(shuō)明文 制作太陽(yáng)能蒸餾器的方法 316 ★★★☆☆ 7分鐘 A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸餾器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only ponents required, though, are a 5＇5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圓錐體) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸發(fā)) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive. C. It’s plex. . D. It’s portable. 33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hole. D. The cup. 34. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still? A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place. C. Weight the sheet’s center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 35. When a solar still works, drops of water e into the cup from . A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open air D. beneath the sheet 33. B 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity可知最好在潮濕的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率?！敖铀鳌敝傅氖窃诔睗竦牡胤酵诙矗诙吹牡撞糠乓粋€(gè)杯子，杯子上方用膜覆蓋，整個(gè)裝置構(gòu)成接水器，而不是某個(gè)部分。這一題很容易錯(cuò)選D，但是就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事實(shí)并不會(huì)因?yàn)橹車h(huán)境的變化而變化，杯子的工作效率是不變的。故選B。 34. C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.可知最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock(放一塊石頭在覆蓋膜的中間，把它壓下去)，故選C。 35. D 【解析】推理判斷題。結(jié)合第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸發(fā)) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知地下水蒸發(fā)，在覆蓋膜上聚集起來(lái)，直到形成小水滴落在杯子里，覆蓋膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里，所以水滴是聚在覆蓋膜的下面。故選D。 Passage 2（xx·新課標(biāo)卷II，B） 體裁 話題 詞數(shù) 難度 建議時(shí)間 記敘文 一家具有75年歷史的劇院 282 ★★☆☆☆ 6分鐘 Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end. The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to pete. He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. ＂This used to be the center of town,＂ he said. ＂Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.＂ Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping plex on the land where the theater is located. The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed. 24. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special? A. It made room for new equipment. B. It signaled the closedown of the theater. C. It was done with the help of the audience. D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater. 25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on? A. It was an all-time classic. B. It was about the history of the town. C. The audience requested it. D. The theater owner found it suitable. 26. What will probably happen to the building? A. It will be repaired. B. It will be turned into a museum. C. It will be knocked down. D. It will be sold to the city government. 27. What can we infer about the audience? A. They are disappointed with Bradford. B. They are sad to part with the old theater. C. They are supportive of the city officials. D. They are eager to have a shopping center. 25. D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知，劇院老板選擇這部電影是因?yàn)檫@部電影本身講述的就是小鎮(zhèn)上唯一的電影院準(zhǔn)備關(guān)門停業(yè)的故事，與Plaza Theater的現(xiàn)狀一樣。 26. C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段末句中的＂which plans to build a shopping plex on the land where the theater is located.＂可以推斷出這個(gè)劇院將被拆除，取而代之的是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的購(gòu)物中心。 27.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的＂most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building＂可知，人們非常難過(guò)，不愿意看到老劇院被拆掉。 Passage 3（xx·新課標(biāo)卷II，B） 體裁 話題 詞數(shù) 難度 建議時(shí)間 記敘文 鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性和想象力 300 ★★★☆☆ 6分鐘 Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: ＂Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.＂ A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations. Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ＂But I’m just not creative.＂ ＂Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?＂ ＂Oh, sure.＂ ＂So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.＂ The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. ＂That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?＂ ＂Nobody. I do it.＂ ＂Really—at night, when you’re asleep?＂ ＂Sure.＂ ＂Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay? ＂ 25.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________. A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting C. raise the students’ interest in art D. teach the students about toy design 26.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone. C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative. 27.What does the underlined word ＂downside ＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden. 28.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams? A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits. C. To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking. 【文章大意】本文屬于記敘文，作者通過(guò)讓學(xué)生拼裝玩具發(fā)現(xiàn)并鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性和想象力。 25.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知當(dāng)我把拼裝式玩具放在學(xué)生面前的時(shí)候，有些學(xué)生猶豫著在等著看別人如何行動(dòng)，有一些學(xué)生查看了使用說(shuō)明并根據(jù)模型做出了一些東西。而另外一些學(xué)生則根據(jù)自己的想象做出了一些東西。通過(guò)觀察我對(duì)不同的學(xué)生的性格有了不同的理解。故A正確。 27.B 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線單詞后一句 ＂I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. ＂可知我冒著失去那些有不同思維方式的學(xué)生的危險(xiǎn)。說(shuō)明我的這種教育方法也有不足之處。故畫線詞意為 ＂drawback缺點(diǎn) ＂。故B正確。 28.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后七段中的對(duì)話內(nèi)容可知作者鼓勵(lì)孩子們說(shuō)出最有趣的有創(chuàng)造性和想象力的夢(mèng)，并鼓勵(lì)他們?cè)诎滋斓恼n堂里把夢(mèng)的內(nèi)容做出來(lái)。作者這樣做的目的就是為了讓他們看到自己的創(chuàng)造性和想象力。故A正確。 Passage 4（xx·四川，C） 體裁 話題 詞數(shù) 難度 建議時(shí)間 記敘文 法國(guó)的圭亞那人 310 ★★☆☆☆ 6分鐘 In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of ＂lawlessness ＂ in the world. The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early xx exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne. ＂I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years, ＂ says Gin. ＂I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom. ＂ ＂I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life, ＂ continues Gin. ＂I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly. ＂ His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide. 28．Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana? A. They seldom follow the French law. B. They often ignore the Guianese law. C. They are separated from the modern world. D. They are both Guianese and French citizens. 29．Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _________. A. a tour guide B. a geographer C. a film director D. a photographer 30．What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese? A. Cautious. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Appreciative. 31．What does the underlined word ＂it ＂ in the last paragraph refer to? A. The modern French lifestyle. B. The self-supporting hunting. C. The uncivilized hunting. D. The French Republic. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文通過(guò)一個(gè)攝影記者向人們展示了法國(guó)的圭亞那人，和現(xiàn)代法國(guó)的生活風(fēng)格給他們帶來(lái)的影響。 29.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句 ＂I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life, ＂（我想展示給觀眾一個(gè)攝影記錄，讓他們觸摸到不文明的生活。）和第五段第一句His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time.（他的黑白照片呈現(xiàn)了一個(gè)幾乎失去的世界。）可知他是一個(gè)攝影師，故選D。 30.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句 ＂I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years, ＂（我對(duì)法國(guó)圭亞那人有一個(gè)特殊的愛。我在那里工作了將近十年了。）可知他對(duì)圭亞那人是心存感激的，故選D。 31．A 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic可知后面的定語(yǔ)從句中it指現(xiàn)代法國(guó)的生活風(fēng)格。故選A。 Passage 1（山西省臨汾第一中學(xué)xx高三全真模擬） 體裁 話題 詞數(shù) 難度 建議時(shí)間 說(shuō)明文 外國(guó)人對(duì)中國(guó)文化的興趣越來(lái)越濃 297 ★★★☆☆ 6分鐘 If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out. While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day ,few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It’s nothing personal. Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes. But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius. In many ways he has bee a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China. In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and philosophy(哲學(xué)).Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks(缺點(diǎn)) of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well. Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West. As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is. 1.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________ A. provide some key facts about Confucius B. attract the readers’ interest in the subject C. show great respect for the ancient thinker D. prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations 2.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students______ A. have a great interest in studying Chinese B. take an active part in Chinese petitions C. try to get high scores in Chinese exams D. fight for a chance to learn Chinese 3.What is the best title for the passage? A. Forgotten Wisdom in America B. Huge Fans of the Chinese Language C. Old Thinker with a Big Future D. Chinese Culture for Westerners 4.The passage is likely to appear in_______. A. a newspaper B. a history paper C. a biography D. a philosophy textbook 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要講述了外國(guó)人對(duì)中國(guó)文化的興趣越來(lái)越濃，對(duì)于孔子的思想也越來(lái)越感興趣這一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。 2.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.”今天中國(guó)吸引了更多的西方人，這將需要更多的老師向西方介紹孔子和中國(guó)文化。說(shuō)明中國(guó)對(duì)每個(gè)人有很強(qiáng)的吸引力，很多美國(guó)人對(duì)中國(guó)都很感興趣。故選A。 3.C 【解析】推理判斷題。本文主要講述的正是中國(guó)越來(lái)越引起世界的關(guān)注，同樣，中國(guó)的文化也引起了世界人民的興趣，很多人都開始了解中國(guó)的文化，這給孔子這位中國(guó)的思想家?guī)?lái)了新生。故選C。 4.A 【解析】推理判斷題。本文主要講述了外國(guó)人對(duì)中國(guó)文化的興趣越來(lái)越濃，對(duì)于孔子的思想也越來(lái)越感興趣這一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，那么很有可能是新聞報(bào)道的內(nèi)容。故選A。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】推理判斷型 推理判斷題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。這種題型包括判斷題和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。做好該題型要從整體上把握語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，在語(yǔ)篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁，透過(guò)字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”。推理判斷題常?？梢苑譃槿缦聨最悾?1)細(xì)節(jié)推斷。如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系等；(2)邏輯推斷。根據(jù)已知的結(jié)果推斷導(dǎo)致結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的可能原因；(3)目的、意圖、態(tài)度推斷。根據(jù)文章的論述，推斷作者的寫作目的以及作者的情感態(tài)度；(4)預(yù)測(cè)想象推斷。文章沒有明確說(shuō)明，要求根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇對(duì)文章可能涉及的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)判斷。例如：本題中的第4小題。 Passage 2（湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市一中xx高考模擬） 體裁 話題 詞數(shù) 難度 建議時(shí)間 記敘文 對(duì)一年輕人嗜手機(jī)如命擔(dān)憂 333 ★★☆☆☆☆ 6分鐘 We’d arrived at Rockefeller Center station on the D train. As in many of New York’s underground stations, trains pull in at both sides of the platform. Or rather, they seem to erupt into the station first on one side, then on the other. Abruptly, my wife stopped. “Uh, what’s this?” she said. I looked over her shoulder. There at our feet lay a young woman of about 20. She was on her stomach with the top half of her body on the platform, while her legs hung over the tracks kicking powerlessly. She was stuck. She had also, clearly, been down on the tracks and discovered that climbing back up is really hard. But unlike in our imaginings, this woman was not in panic, expecting her approaching death by the F train which would be screaming into the station in the next few minutes, if not seconds. She was laughing! So was her friend who half-heartedly leant down to assist. The assistance was somewhat weakened by the fact that the friend was holding her smartphone. Was she hoping to capture this moment with a picture? Or posing a text? It’s well known that people’s pulsive checking of their phones can be deadly. Among young people in America, texting is now the number one cause of car crashes. Maybe it’s also a leading cause of leaving friends to die when they fall in the river or on to the train tracks. I stepped forward, leant out as far as I could, got hold of her leg somewhere near the knee and, together with her finally-engaged friend, dragged the young woman on to the platform. And you can guess why she'd been on the tracks. Still laughing, but maybe chastened (內(nèi)疚）by my look of horror she said, “Thanks. Sorry. My phone fell down there. ” While I turned to hold my daughter’s hand and head upstairs, the young woman and her friend walked away. I wonder when she'll be scared. 1.What was the young woman doing on the edge of the platform? A. Trying to get down on to the train tracks to pick up her phone. B. Trying to get back on to the platform after jumping down. C. Desperately waiting for someone to help her get back her phone. D. Posing for her friend to capture a good picture with her smartphone. 2.Which of the following did the author think was NOT a cause of the young woman’s dangerous situation? A. The station was too crowded. B. She did not realize the danger. C. She cared too much about her phone. D. Her pany didn't assist her whole-heartedly. 3.What was the author’s worry about people like this young woman? A. They would cause damage to the underground system. B. They knew too little about how to help others as well as themselves. C. It