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冠 詞,中考語法,冠詞概述,冠詞用在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或物。 分為不定冠詞(a, an )和定冠詞 (the) 。,考點(diǎn)分布,（1）不定冠詞(a/an)的用法 （2）定冠詞(the)的用法 （3）不用冠詞(零冠詞)的情況,考點(diǎn)梳理,考點(diǎn)一 不定冠詞a/an的用法,1、a (an)用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，指人或事物的某一種類。如： A steel worker makes steel. 鋼鐵工人煉鋼。(這里 a steel worker是指鋼鐵工人們) 注意：表示一類人有三種方式。 試比較：自行車比汽車慢。 The bike is slower than the car. = A bike is slower than a car. = Bikes are slower than cars. 2、指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物。如： A boy is waiting for you. 有個(gè)男孩子在等你。,考點(diǎn)梳理,3、a和an均用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，表示一類人或事物中的“任何”一個(gè)，相當(dāng)于漢語中的“一”，但不用于強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目的概念（也就是說數(shù)的概念沒有one 強(qiáng)烈）。 如： We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears. 4、使用不定冠詞表示單位。如： fifty miles an hour 每小時(shí)50公里 twice a week 每周兩次 5、表示生什么病前應(yīng)用a。 如： have a headache, have a cold等。,考點(diǎn)梳理,6、give, take, have與一些動(dòng)詞名詞化的詞連用，表示一次動(dòng)作，名詞前要加a。如： have a talk /bath/ look , make a living /promise) take a swim /walk, rest), give a talk / smile 7、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞的具體化時(shí)，該名詞前要加a。如： It is a great joy to study at this college. This kind of wood can make into a good paper. He made a living by selling newspaper. 8、用于某些固定的詞組中。如： a bit(of), a cup of, a few, a little, a lot of，a number of, a piece of, a pair of等。,考點(diǎn)梳理,【考點(diǎn)精練】,( ) 1. —Why not take ______ friend with you? —That’s ______ good idea. A. a； a B. the；the C. a； the D. the；a ( ) 2. Jack’s father is ________ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. / ( ) 3. Take the medicine three times_____ day. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 4. Tom has _______ high fever and his mother is looking after him. A. a B. the C. an D./ ( ) 5. Mary takes ________ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C./ D. one ( ) 6. The old woman had ___ fire in her room. A. the B./ C. a D. this,A,B,C,A,A,A,考點(diǎn)梳理,考點(diǎn)二 不定冠詞a/an的區(qū)別,在名詞前使用a或an要取決于該名詞的讀音。如果首字母的讀音是元音因素，應(yīng)用an；如果首字母的讀音是輔音音素，應(yīng)用a。 注意：a, e, i, o, u五個(gè)元音字母處于詞首時(shí)，未必都是元音音素，u發(fā)音是[ju:]或[ju]時(shí)前面用冠詞a，u讀[Λ]時(shí)前面加冠詞an。中考中常見前面用冠詞an的有：,考點(diǎn)梳理,注意：26個(gè)字母中以開頭為元音音素發(fā)音開頭的輔音字母有：f [ef], h [eit?], l [el], m[em], n [en], r [a:], s [es], x [eks],考點(diǎn)梳理,【考點(diǎn)精練】,( ) 7. I had _______ unusual day on my last school trip. A. a B. an C. / D. the ( ) 8. Cathy was very happy to meet ________ old friend on the plane to Paris. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 9.—Daming, what’s your dream? —I want to be ___ engineer some day. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 ( ) 10. Reading can make you become _______ expert and change your life. A. a B. an C. 不填 D. the,B,B,B,B,考點(diǎn)梳理,【考點(diǎn)精練】,( ) 11. I have _________ English dictionary and it helps me a lot. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 12. Lee Min-ho is ________ actor from South Korea. He sang ________ Chinese pop song on the 2014 CCTV New Year’s Gala. A. the；an B. /; the C. an；a D. a; /,B,C,考點(diǎn)梳理,考點(diǎn)三 定冠詞的用法,1、指雙方都知道的人或物。如： —Where are the new books, Jim? —They are on the small table. 2、文章中第一次出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞前用a/(an)，下次再出現(xiàn)此名詞時(shí)用the。例如： Today he is making a machine. He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane. 3、名詞后有表示范圍、地點(diǎn)的介詞短語限定時(shí)，此名詞時(shí)用the。如； The boys here are interested in sports.,考點(diǎn)梳理,【考點(diǎn)精練】,( ) 13. —What’s the matter with you? —I can’t remember where I parked _______ car. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 14. There is ________bridge over the river. _______ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A ( ) 15. —Is _______ red bag under the table yours, Jean? —No. I only have _______ yellow bag. Maybe it's Julia's. A. a: the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the,C,B,B,考點(diǎn)梳理,【考點(diǎn)精練】,( ) 16. Who is _______ young lady with curly blonde hair? A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 17. _______ old workers under that tree are from Shanghai. A. The B. An C. This D. That,C,A,考點(diǎn)梳理,4、序數(shù)詞前表示順序時(shí)前面用the。如： Mary is the third to come in. 5、形容詞最高級前及only修飾的名詞前用the。如： Mary is the only girl who is often late for class. 6、定冠詞用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的物體名詞前。 如： The sun is bigger than the moon.,考點(diǎn)梳理,【考點(diǎn)精練】,( ) 18. _______ first one sat down and the second stood up. A. The B.A C. One D. An ( ) 19. Winter is _______ coldest season of the year. A. a B. the C./ D. so ( ) 20. _______ moon moves around _______ earth, and they both are smaller than _______ sun. A. The, the, the B.A, an, a C. The, an, the D. The, the, a,A,B,A,考點(diǎn)梳理,7、表示東、南、西、北方的名詞前用the。如： The sun rises in the east. 8、the用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前時(shí)，表示一家人或一姓的夫婦二人。如： the Smiths 史密斯夫婦 9、the＋普通名詞構(gòu)成專有名詞。如： the United States, the United Nations, the People’s Republic of China,【考點(diǎn)精練】,( ) 21. We live in ________ south of China. A. the B./ C. a D. some ( ) 22.________ Browns are watching TV at home at the moment. A./ B. The C. Mr. D.A ( ) 23. He will go to see you off at ________ Railway Station. A. a B. an C. the D./,A,B,C,考點(diǎn)梳理,10、play＋西洋樂器表示彈奏時(shí)，該樂器名詞前加 the。 如： Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the flute. 但在表示數(shù)量時(shí)可用a。如： This is a new piano against the wall. 11、the＋形容詞（形容詞名詞化）表示一類人或事物。 如： the poor, the rich, the sick , the beautiful 12、定冠詞the用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島名稱的前面。如： the North China Plain 華北平原 另外：請同學(xué)們牢記一些含the的習(xí)慣用語 on the right (left)， in the front of， in the middle of the meeting / the forest，at the foot of the hill in the afternoon (evening)／in the daytime , at the beginning／in the end go to the concert (theatre),考點(diǎn)梳理,【考點(diǎn)精練】,( ) 24.—Can you play ________ guitar? —Sure. It’s a piece of cake for me. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 25.________young should care for and help _______ old. A. The, a B. The, the C. A, the D. An, an ( ) 26.The small town lies on ________Yangtzi River. A. a B. an C./ D. the,C,B,D,考點(diǎn)梳理,考點(diǎn)四 不用冠詞的情況,1、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前一般不加冠詞。 如： Wood can be made into chairs and tables. 2、表示節(jié)日、月份、一周中七日的名詞前一般不加the。 如：Spring is coming. 但如果表示有某年限定的季節(jié)和月份時(shí)，季節(jié)和月份前要加the。如： He was born in the Summer of 1964. 3、學(xué)科前和國名、洲名前一般不加冠詞。 如：learn Chinese /maths/physics/chemistry China is in Asia. in Germany /Japan； in Africa/Europe … 4、在一些專有名詞（地名、節(jié)假日）之前不加冠詞。 如：Christmas Day , Children’s Day, Teachers’ Day, Wall Street,考點(diǎn)梳理,【考點(diǎn)精練】,( ) 27. Paper is made of ________ bamboo. A .a B. the C. / D. that ( ) 28. ________ January is the first month of the year. A. The B.A C. / D. That ( ) 29. We have no classes on ________ Sundays. A. the B. these C. / D. those ( ) 30. He studies _______ English in _______ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the ( ) 31. They often take a walk in _______ Hyde Park. A. the B. a C./ D. this,C,A,C,C,C,考點(diǎn)梳理,5、表示某一概念，而不是某具體工作的部門時(shí)，名詞前不加冠詞。 如： go to work /college/school/ hospital/ church 上班/上大學(xué)/上學(xué)/上醫(yī)院/上教堂 be in hospital /school/ bed/ prison 住院/在學(xué)校/臥床/蹲監(jiān)獄 6、表示三餐的名詞前不加冠詞。如：have breakfast/lunch/supper 如果前面有形容詞修飾該詞，表示“一頓…的飯”，可加a。如： have a big supper /nice lunch,考點(diǎn)梳理,7、表示交通工具的手段時(shí)，用by＋名詞表示，該名詞前不用冠詞。如： by bike /taxi/car/train/ plane/spaceship或 by sea /water/air/land 如果用介詞in或on，名詞前要加冠詞或物主代詞。如： in his car, on the bus/plane 8、動(dòng)名詞前一般不用冠詞。 例如：Walking on the moon is difficult.,考點(diǎn)梳理,【考點(diǎn)精練】,( ) 32. The thief was thrown into _______ prison. A. the B. a C. this D. / ( ) 33. ________ running is good. A. The B. A C./ D. An ( ) 34. He doesn’t have _______ breakfast at home. A. a B. the C. this D. / ( ) 35. We go to work by ________ bus. A. / B. a C. the D. one,D,D,A,C,考點(diǎn)梳理,9、play + 球類、棋類、游戲名稱時(shí)，此類名詞前不加冠詞。如：play basketball, play chess 10、名詞＋基數(shù)詞表示順序時(shí)，前面不加冠詞the。 如: Page Three = the third page; Lesson One = the first lesson 11、名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或any和 no時(shí)，均不再用冠詞。 如; his second son; that old man; Mr. Wang’s car 12、表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的一些“介詞＋名詞”的詞組和一些固定詞組中，均不加冠詞。 如： at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。 13、在稱呼語或表示頭銜名詞前不用冠詞。如： president of America,考點(diǎn)梳理,【考點(diǎn)精練】,( ) 36. These boys play _______ football after class. A. a B. the C. that D. / ( ) 37. There is no _______ book on the desk. A. the B. a C. an D. / ( ) 38. He often works late at ________ night. A. / B. the C. a D. all ( ) 39. What does this word mean, _________? A. my father B. Father C. father D. a father ( ) 40. The students of _________ Grade One are having a meeting. A. these B. / C. a D. an,D,D,A,B,B,考點(diǎn)梳理,【注意事項(xiàng) 】,英語中有“定冠不定冠 意思差千萬”的說法。也就是說有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞其意義截然不同。 試計(jì)較： 1. at table 在吃飯 at the table 在桌子旁 2. in class 在上課 in the class 在班級中 3. go to school 去上學(xué) go to the school 到那所學(xué)校去 4. go to bed 上床睡覺 go to the bed 到床那邊去 5. in front of 在……的前面 in the front of 在……的前部,考點(diǎn)梳理,【備考策略】,中考常常結(jié)合名詞、形容詞等對冠詞進(jìn)行考查，會(huì)把不定冠詞用法、定冠詞用法和零冠詞用法綜合起來。因此，要牢固掌握： 1. 使用不定冠詞a/an的情況，尤其是a/an的用法區(qū)別； 2. 使用定冠詞the的情況； 3. 不用冠詞的情況； 4. 在熟記冠詞用法的基礎(chǔ)上，答題過程中還要注意上下文的理解和聯(lián)系。,