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佳木斯大學(xué)
畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）任務(wù)書
學(xué)院： 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院
專業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及自動(dòng)化
班級(jí)： 0208114803
指導(dǎo)教師： 龍澤明
學(xué)生姓名： 王長(zhǎng)剛
2006年 04 月 13 日
佳 木 斯 大 學(xué)
畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))任務(wù)書
畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題：
繞線機(jī)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)部分的設(shè)計(jì)
論文（設(shè)計(jì)）研究目的與內(nèi)容：研究的恒張力繞線機(jī)是一種變速以保證在繞線時(shí)具有恒定的張力的新型繞線機(jī)，其速度是變化的，可控的，依靠放線部分，送線部分及繞線部分的速度變化，使漆包線的纏繞力接近恒定的力，以確保加工產(chǎn)品的良好絕緣性，這樣繞制出的線組性能更安全，從而能夠延長(zhǎng)電機(jī)的使用壽命。此課題的研究對(duì)社會(huì)的學(xué)術(shù)界具有重大的意義，并且能為社會(huì)帶來(lái)較大的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。
目前我國(guó)還未曾研制出恒張力繞線機(jī)，希望本課題的研究能為我國(guó)恒張力繞線機(jī)的誕生貢獻(xiàn)微薄之力。
在課題設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，學(xué)生通過(guò)調(diào)查研究，收集資料，擬訂設(shè)計(jì)方案的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行繞線機(jī)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)部分設(shè)計(jì)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生正確的設(shè)計(jì)思想，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)務(wù)實(shí)的工作作風(fēng)，獨(dú)立工作的能力和勇于創(chuàng)新的進(jìn)取精神，通過(guò)撰寫畢業(yè)論文，使學(xué)生掌握科技論文的撰寫規(guī)范，通過(guò)外文翻譯，提高學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用外語(yǔ)的能力，通過(guò)此設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生還會(huì)掌握先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì)理念和先進(jìn)的繪圖方法，熟練應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)，最終應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)繪制出其機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)圖，達(dá)到優(yōu)化的目的。
具體要求：（原始數(shù)據(jù)、試驗(yàn)方案、手段及預(yù)期結(jié)果）
恒張力繞線機(jī)主要由機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)部分，可編程控制部分，模擬仿真三部分主成。本課題主要研究其機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)部分。
恒張力繞線機(jī)與其它繞線機(jī)區(qū)別在于其速度是非勻速的，這樣選其主電機(jī)采用步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)來(lái)控制，使其排線的位移與輸入脈沖信號(hào)數(shù)相對(duì)應(yīng)，步距誤差不能長(zhǎng)期積累，易于起動(dòng)、停止、正反轉(zhuǎn)及變速，響應(yīng)性也好，停止時(shí)可取消自鎖能力，可以組成結(jié)構(gòu)較為簡(jiǎn)單而又具有一定精度的開(kāi)環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)，也可在要求更高精度時(shí)組成閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)。
在速度方面使其排線速度為非勻速這是本課題所研究的關(guān)鍵之處，因此在設(shè)計(jì)其繞組時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)為類似橢圓型機(jī)構(gòu)，通過(guò)步進(jìn)電機(jī)輸入的脈沖信號(hào)數(shù)使其繞線速度從水平位置到弧度位置逐漸增加，這樣是漆包線在通過(guò)機(jī)構(gòu)弧度時(shí)所受拉力減小，接近其機(jī)構(gòu)水平邊時(shí)的拉力，這樣使漆包線在形成繞組前是以接近恒拉力進(jìn)行纏繞的 。
此繞線機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方面由三部分組成，放線、緩沖，傳線，繞線部分。其送線部分結(jié)構(gòu)在橫向、繞線部分結(jié)構(gòu)在縱向兩方面都能夠進(jìn)行位置的調(diào)整，使其繞組中線的疏密程度更為適當(dāng)，準(zhǔn)確。
主要參考資料：
[1]張德泉，陳思夫，林彬.《機(jī)械制造裝備及其設(shè)計(jì)》天津大學(xué)出版 ，2003.1
[2]劉寶廷，程樹(shù)康.《步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)及其驅(qū)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)》哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，1997.5
[3]周宗明，周揚(yáng)萍，湯道軍.《金屬切削機(jī)床》清華大學(xué)出版，2004.9
[4]濮良貴，紀(jì)名剛.《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》高等教育出版社，2001.6
[5]張建民.《機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)》北京理工大學(xué)出版社，1995.10
進(jìn)度安排：
2006.3.27—2006.4.10 擬訂設(shè)計(jì)方案并撰寫開(kāi)題報(bào)告
2006.4.11—2006.5.10 學(xué)習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)工具軟件
2006.5.11—2006.6．5 繪制草圖、上機(jī)制圖
2006.6.6— 2006.6.12 整理論文、圖紙
2006.6. 13— 2005.6.14 準(zhǔn)備答辯
指導(dǎo)教師：龍澤明
教研室主任：
Motors and Numerical Control
Motors change electrical energy into mechanical energy .
This is simply the mechanical forces between magnets .when two magnets (or electromagnets)approach each other ,one will be either pulled toward or pushed away from the other .
1.CONSTRUCTION
Each type of motor is built to do its own special job .All of them have two main parts .One part is called the stator .The stator is stationary ;it does not move .The other part ,the rotor ,is mounted on bearings so it can rotate .The rotor shaft sticks out beyond the housing .For a motor ,the rotor shaft is coupled to a mechanical load .
2.MOTORS
The power input to a motor is electrical .Voltage is applied to a motor’s terminals resulting in a current .The power output of a motor is mechanical .This power is transmitted by the rotor shaft as a torque .This torque tends to rotate a load , such as a fan or pump .
As a motor drives a load , mechanical power is drawn from the motor .The motor ,in turn ,draws electrical power from the source at the same rate
3.NUMERICAL CONTROL
The major disadvantage of machine tool automation thus far described lies in the economics of the process .It is expensive to tool a installations for automatic production .Therefore ,unless the part is to be made in very large numbers ,the cost becomes prohibitive .Great need exists for a method that permits rapid automatic production ,economical in job-lot amounts .The answer has been found in the numerical control of machine tools .
Computer Numerical Control .Numerical control (NC) is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers ,letters ,and other symbols .The numbers ,letters ,and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular workpiece or job .When the job changes ,the program of the particular workpiece changes .The capability to change the program is what makes NC suitable for low-volume and medium-volume production ,and it is much easier to write new programs than to make major alterations to the processing equipment .
There is a wide area of performance duplication between numerical control and automatics .Numerical control , however ,offers more flexibility ,lower tooling cost ,quicker changes ,and less machine down-time .
In machining contours ,numerical control can mathematically translate the defined curve into a finished product ,saving time and eliminating templates .This can in turn improve accuracy .Another advantage appears to be great saving of machine time ,the equivalent og increasing productive capacity with no increase in facilities .
Numerical control (N/C) is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers , letters ,and other symbols .The numbers ,letters ,and symbols are coded in an qppropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular workpart or job .When the job changes ,the program of instructions is changed .The capability to change the program is what makes N/Csuitable for low-and medium-volume production .It is much easier to write programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment .
There are two basic types of numerically controlled machine tools :point-to-point and continuous-path (also called contouring).Point-to-point machines use unsynchronized motors ,whit the result that the position of the machining head can be assured only upon completion of a movement ,or while only one motor is running .
The N/C system consists of the following components :data input ,the tape reader with the control unit ,feedback devices ,and the metal-cutting machine toll or other type of N/C equipment .
Data input ,also called “man-to-control link” ,may be provided to the machine tool manually ,or entirely by automatic means .Manual methods when used as the sole source of input data are restricted to a relatibely small number of inputs .Examples of manually operated devices are kryboard dials ,pushbuttons ,switches ,or thumbwheel selectors .These are located on a console near the machine .Dials are analog devices usually connected to a synchro-type resolver or potentiometer .In most cases ,pushbuttons ,switches ,and other similar types of selectors are digital input devices .Manual input requires that the operator set the controls for each operation .It is a slow and tedious process and is seldom justified except in elementary machining applications or in special cases .
In practically all cases , information is automatically supplied to the control unit and the machine too by cards ,punched tapes ,or by magnetic tape .Eight-channel punched paper tape is the most commonly used form of data input for conventional N/C systems .The coded instructions on the tape consist of sections of punched holes called blocks .Each block represents a machine function ,a machining operation ,or a combination of the two .The entire N/C program on a tape is made up of an accumulation of these successive data blocks .Programs resulting in long tapes are wound on reels like motion-picture film .Programs on relatively short tapes may be continuously repeated by joining the two ends of the tape to form a loop .Once installed ,the tape is used again and again without further handling .In this case ,the operator simply loads and unloads the parts .Punched tapes are prepared on typewriters with special tape-punching attachments or in tape punching units connected directly to a computer system .Tape production is rarely error-free .Errors may be initially caused by the part programmer ,in card punching or compilation ,or as a result of physical damage to the tape during handling ,etc .Several trial runs are often necessary to remove all errors and produce an acceptable working tape .
While the data on the tape is fed automatically ,the actual programming steps are done manually .Before the coded tape may be prepared ,the programmer ,often working with a planner or a process engineer ,must select the appropriate N/C machine tool ,determine the kind of material to be machined ,calculate the speeds and feeds ,and decide upon the type of tooling needed .The dimensions on the part print are closely examined to determine a suitable zero reference point from which to start the program .A program manuscript is then written which gives coded numerical instructions describing the sequence of operations that the machine tool is required to follow to cut the part to the drawing specifications .
The function of the control unit may be better understood by comparing it to the action of a dial telephone , where ,as each digit is dialed ,it is stored .When the entire number has been dialed ,the equipment becomes activated and the call is completed .
Silicon photo diodes ,located in the tape reader head on the control unit ,detect light as it passes
through the holes in the moving tape .The light beams are converted to electrical energy ,which is amplified to further strengthen the signal .The signals are then sent to registers in the control unit ,where actuation signals are relayed to the machine tool drives .
Some photoelectric devices are capable of reading at rates up to 1000 characters persecond. High reading rates are necessary to maintain continuous installations motion; other-wise,dwell marks may be generated by the cutter on the part during contouring operations. The reading device must be capable of reading data blocks at a rate faster than the control system can process the data.
A feedback device is a safeguard used on some N/C installations to constantly compen-sate for errors between the commanded position and the actual location of the moving slides of the machine tool .An N/C machine equipped with this kind of a direct feedback checking device has what is known as a close-loop system .Positioning control is accomplished by a sensor which ,during the actual operation, records the position of the slides and relays this information back to the control unit .Signals thus received are compared to input signals on the tape, and any discrepancy between them is automatically rectified .
In an alternative system ,called an open-loop system, the is installations positioned solely by stepping motor drives in response to commands by a controller. The degree of work precision depends almost entirely upon the accuracy of the lead screw and the rigidity of the installations structure. With this system, there is no self- correcting action or feedback of information to the control unit . In the event of an unexpected malfunction, the control unit continues to put out pulses of electrical current . If, for example, the table on a N/C milling machine were suddenly to become overloaded, no response would be sent back to the controller. Because stepping motors are not sensitive to load variations, many N/C systems are designed to permit the motors to stall when the resisting torque exceeds the motor torque. Other system are in use, however, which, in spite of possibility of damage to the installations structure or to the mechanical system , are designed with special high-torque stepping motors. In this case, the motors have sufficient capacity to “overpower” the system in the event of almost any contingency.
The original N/C used the closed-loop system. Of the two system, closed and openloop, closed loop is more accurate and, as a consequence , is generally more expensive. Initially, open-loop systems were used almost entirely for light-duty applications because of inherent power limitations previously associated with conventional electric stepping motors. Recent advances in the development of electrohydraulic stepping motors have led to increasingly heavier machine load applications.
電動(dòng)機(jī)和數(shù)控技術(shù)
電動(dòng)機(jī)將電能轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)械能。
簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)電動(dòng)機(jī)就是兩塊磁鐵間的機(jī)械力作用。當(dāng)兩塊磁鐵（或電磁鐵）相互靠近時(shí)，一塊將吸引或排斥另一塊。
1.結(jié)構(gòu)
人們制造的各種類型的電動(dòng)機(jī)都有其特定的功能。它們都由兩大部分構(gòu)成：一部分稱為定子。定子是靜止的，它不產(chǎn)生運(yùn)動(dòng)。另一部分稱為轉(zhuǎn)子，它安裝在軸承上，可以轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。轉(zhuǎn)軸伸出機(jī)殼外。對(duì)于電動(dòng)機(jī)而言，轉(zhuǎn)軸聯(lián)接機(jī)械負(fù)荷。
2.電動(dòng)機(jī)
輸入電動(dòng)機(jī)的是電能。施加到電動(dòng)機(jī)端子上的電壓產(chǎn)生電流。電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出機(jī)械功率。機(jī)械功率通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)軸以轉(zhuǎn)矩形式輸出。轉(zhuǎn)矩可以驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)荷轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，諸如一臺(tái)泵。
需要一定的轉(zhuǎn)矩才能驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)荷以特定的速度轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。若電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出的轉(zhuǎn)矩足夠大，負(fù)載將轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。若電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出的轉(zhuǎn)矩太小，則不能驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)載。在選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)所考慮的最重要的一個(gè)指標(biāo)就是轉(zhuǎn)矩要求。
電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)載時(shí)，電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出機(jī)械功率。而電動(dòng)機(jī)又從電源得到等量的電功率。
3.數(shù)控技術(shù)
迄今所敘述的設(shè)備的主要不利條件是這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。裝配一臺(tái)進(jìn)行自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)的設(shè)備是很費(fèi)錢的。因此，除非設(shè)備就會(huì)因成本過(guò)高而邊的不可行。非常需要一種既快速，在單批量生產(chǎn)中又經(jīng)濟(jì)的自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)方法。這種方法已經(jīng)有了，這就是數(shù)控技術(shù)。
數(shù)控（NC）是可編程自動(dòng)化的一種表現(xiàn)形式，它以數(shù)字，字母和其他符號(hào)來(lái)控制加工設(shè)備。這些數(shù)字、字母和符號(hào)按適當(dāng)?shù)母袷骄幋a，形成用于某一工件或任務(wù)的加工程序。當(dāng)任務(wù)改變了，某一工件的加工程序也隨之改變。這種改變程序的能力使得NC適用于中小批量生產(chǎn)，更新程序要比大量改變加工設(shè)備要容易的多。
數(shù)控原理首先用銑削加工中，然后用在車削加工、火花切削、鉆削和磨削之中，數(shù)控基數(shù)越來(lái)越多地應(yīng)用在其他的加工過(guò)程中，如成形加工（精密制造，滾壓等加工）、雕刻或激光切割。
目前數(shù)控基數(shù)相對(duì)成熟，許多數(shù)控設(shè)備具有多種加工功能，如銑削中心可以進(jìn)行垂直和水平銑削、鉆削、鉸孔、插削、成形和車削等加工過(guò)程，當(dāng)然，在配有大容量的自動(dòng)化刀具庫(kù)后，CNC機(jī)床的功能將更加豐富
數(shù)控和自動(dòng)化之間很多性能是一樣的。然而，數(shù)控技術(shù)更靈活，裝配設(shè)備的花費(fèi)更少，更換更快，而且停機(jī)維修時(shí)間更短。在加工外形輪廓時(shí)，數(shù)控能夠用數(shù)學(xué)方法將確定的曲線轉(zhuǎn)換成成品，即節(jié)省時(shí)間，又無(wú)需樣板，還可提高加工精度。另一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能大大節(jié)省機(jī)時(shí)，也就是說(shuō)不增添設(shè)備就能提高生產(chǎn)率。
數(shù)控是可編程自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的一種形式，通過(guò)數(shù)字、字母和其他符號(hào)來(lái)控制加工設(shè)備。數(shù)字、字母和符號(hào)用適當(dāng)?shù)母袷骄幋a為一個(gè)特定工件定義指令程序。當(dāng)工件改變時(shí)，指令程序就改變。這種改變程序的能力使數(shù)控適合于中、小批量生產(chǎn)，寫一段新程序遠(yuǎn)比對(duì)加工設(shè)備做大的改動(dòng)容易得多。
數(shù)控設(shè)備有兩種基本形式：點(diǎn)位控制和連續(xù)控制（也稱為輪廓控制）。點(diǎn)位控制設(shè)備采用異步電動(dòng)機(jī)，因此，主軸的定位只能通過(guò)完成一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)或一個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
數(shù)控系統(tǒng)由下列組件組成：數(shù)據(jù)輸入裝置，帶控制單元的磁帶閱讀機(jī)，反饋裝置和數(shù)控設(shè)備。
數(shù)據(jù)輸入裝置，也稱“人機(jī)聯(lián)系裝置”，可用人工或全自動(dòng)方法向機(jī)床提供數(shù)據(jù)。人工方法作為輸入數(shù)據(jù)唯一方法時(shí)，只限于少量輸入。人工輸入裝置有鍵盤，撥號(hào)盤，按鈕，開(kāi)關(guān)或撥輪選擇開(kāi)關(guān)，這些都位于機(jī)床附近的一個(gè)控制臺(tái)上。撥號(hào)盤通常連到一個(gè)同步解析器或電位計(jì)的模擬裝置上。在大多數(shù)情況下，按鈕、開(kāi)關(guān)和其他類似的旋鈕是數(shù)據(jù)輸入元件。人工輸入需要操作者控制每個(gè)操作，這是一個(gè)即慢又單調(diào)的過(guò)程，除了簡(jiǎn)單加工場(chǎng)合或特殊情況，已很少使用。
幾乎所有情況下，信息都是通過(guò)卡片、穿孔紙帶或磁帶自動(dòng)提供給控制單元。在傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中，八信道穿孔紙帶或磁帶自動(dòng)提供給控制單元。在傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中，八信道穿孔紙帶是最常用的數(shù)據(jù)輸入形式，紙帶上的編碼指令由一系列稱為程序塊的穿孔組成。每一個(gè)程序塊代表一種加工功能、一種操作或兩者的組合。紙帶上的整個(gè)數(shù)控程序由這些連續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)單元連續(xù)而成。帶有程序的長(zhǎng)帶子象電影膠片一樣繞在盤子上，相對(duì)較短的帶子上的程序可通過(guò)將紙帶兩端連續(xù)形成一個(gè)循環(huán)而連續(xù)不斷地重復(fù)使用。帶子一旦安裝好，就可反復(fù)使用而無(wú)需進(jìn)一步處理。此時(shí)，操作者只是簡(jiǎn)單的上、下工件。穿孔紙帶是在帶有特制穿孔附件的打字機(jī)或直接連到計(jì)算機(jī)的紙帶穿孔裝置上作成的，紙帶制造很少不出錯(cuò)，錯(cuò)誤可能由編程、卡片穿孔或編碼、紙帶穿孔時(shí)的物理?yè)p害等形成。通常，必須要試走幾次來(lái)排除錯(cuò)誤，才能得到一個(gè)可用的工作紙帶。
雖然紙帶上的數(shù)據(jù)是自動(dòng)進(jìn)給的，但實(shí)際編程卻是手工完成的，在編碼紙帶做好前，編程者經(jīng)常要和一個(gè)計(jì)劃人員或工藝工程師一起工作，選擇合適的數(shù)控設(shè)備，決定加工材料，計(jì)算升降速度，決定所需電動(dòng)機(jī)。
控制單元接受和存儲(chǔ)編碼數(shù)據(jù)，直至形成一個(gè)完整的信息程序塊，然后解釋數(shù)控指令，并引導(dǎo)設(shè)備得到所需運(yùn)動(dòng)。
為了更好理解控制單元的作用，可將它與撥號(hào)電話進(jìn)行比較，即每撥一個(gè)數(shù)字，就存儲(chǔ)一個(gè)，當(dāng)整個(gè)數(shù)字撥好后，電話就被激活，也就完成了呼叫。
裝在控制單元里的紙帶閱讀機(jī)，通過(guò)其內(nèi)的硅光二極管，檢測(cè)到穿過(guò)移動(dòng)紙帶上的孔漏過(guò)的光線，將光束轉(zhuǎn)變成電能，并通過(guò)放大來(lái)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)信號(hào)，然后將信號(hào)送到控制單元里的寄存器，由它將動(dòng)作信號(hào)傳到設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置。
有些光電裝置能以高達(dá)每秒1000個(gè)字節(jié)的速度閱讀，這對(duì)保持設(shè)備連續(xù)動(dòng)作是必須的，否則，在輪廓加工時(shí)，刀具可能在工件上產(chǎn)生劃痕。閱讀裝置必須要能以比控制系統(tǒng)處理數(shù)據(jù)更快的速度來(lái)閱讀數(shù)據(jù)程序塊。
反饋裝置是用在一些數(shù)控設(shè)備上的安全裝置，它可連續(xù)補(bǔ)償控制位置與設(shè)備運(yùn)動(dòng)滑臺(tái)的實(shí)際位置之間的誤差。裝有這種直接反饋檢查裝置的數(shù)控設(shè)備有一個(gè)閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)裝置。位置控制通過(guò)傳感器實(shí)現(xiàn)，在實(shí)際工作時(shí)，記錄下滑臺(tái)的位置，并將這些信息送回控制單元。接受到的信號(hào)與紙帶輸入的信號(hào)相比較，它們之間的任何偏差都可得到糾正。
在另一個(gè)稱為開(kāi)環(huán)的系統(tǒng)中，設(shè)備僅由響應(yīng)控制器命令的步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)定位，繞線部分的升降幾乎完全取決于絲杠的精度和設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)的剛度。在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中，沒(méi)有信息反饋到控制單元的自矯正過(guò)程。出現(xiàn)誤動(dòng)作時(shí)，控制單元繼續(xù)發(fā)出電脈沖。比如，一臺(tái)數(shù)控銑床的工作臺(tái)突然過(guò)載，阻力矩超過(guò)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩時(shí)，將沒(méi)有響應(yīng)信號(hào)送回到控制器。因?yàn)?，步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)載荷變化不敏感，所以許多數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)允許電動(dòng)機(jī)停轉(zhuǎn)。然而，盡管有可能損壞設(shè)備機(jī)構(gòu)或機(jī)械傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，也有使用帶有特高轉(zhuǎn)矩步進(jìn)電機(jī)的其他系統(tǒng)，此時(shí)，電動(dòng)機(jī)有足夠能力來(lái)應(yīng)付系統(tǒng)中任何偶然事故。
最初的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)采用開(kāi)環(huán)系統(tǒng)。在開(kāi)、閉環(huán)兩種系統(tǒng)中，閉環(huán)更準(zhǔn)確，一般說(shuō)來(lái)更昂貴。起初，因?yàn)樵葌鹘y(tǒng)的步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的功率限制，開(kāi)環(huán)系統(tǒng)幾乎全部用于輕加工場(chǎng)合，最近出現(xiàn)的電液步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)已越來(lái)越多地用于較重的加工領(lǐng)域。
摘 要
摘 要
本文主要介紹了恒張力繞線機(jī)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)部分，包括其材料的選取、裝置的設(shè)計(jì)等。在材料選取方面，本設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)的原則是適合設(shè)計(jì)的需要，材料以價(jià)格低廉為主，在裝置設(shè)計(jì)方面以結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單為主。
機(jī)械部分裝置由三部分組成，即放線部分、傳線部分和繞線部分。放線部分結(jié)構(gòu)為一步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)通過(guò)聯(lián)軸器聯(lián)接傳動(dòng)軸，傳動(dòng)軸設(shè)計(jì)為階梯狀，兩端向中間逐漸加粗，傳動(dòng)軸另一端固定放線輥?zhàn)印Ｋ途€部分采用V帶傳動(dòng)，電動(dòng)機(jī)軸直接聯(lián)在V帶傳動(dòng)的主動(dòng)輪上，繞線部分工作臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)類似于放線部分，另外送線部分可通過(guò)導(dǎo)軌進(jìn)行橫向的調(diào)整，繞線部分的工作臺(tái)可通過(guò)絲杠螺母座帶動(dòng)在導(dǎo)軌上進(jìn)行縱向的調(diào)整。
工作原理為首先調(diào)整送線部分，使其與放線部分和繞線部分橫向平齊，然后調(diào)整繞線部分工作臺(tái)，達(dá)到要求進(jìn)行固定，這樣保證繞線過(guò)程始終保持直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，繞線部分的輥?zhàn)訛闄E圓型，為保證繞線的力為恒力，則要求繞線速度為變化，那么放、送線速度為恒定。裝置為數(shù)控裝置，含有報(bào)警等功能，工人只需打斷后拆裝定子繞組。
關(guān)鍵詞 繞線機(jī) 裝置 聯(lián)軸器 螺母座
佳木斯大學(xué)教務(wù)處 第 I 頁(yè)
Abstract
Abstract
This article mainly introduced the permanent tensity winding machine mechanism design part, including its material selection, installment design and so on. In the material selection aspect, this design basis principle is the need which suits designs very much, the material by the price inexpensive primarily, in installment design aspect by structure simple primarily.
The machine part installment is composed by three parts, namely puts the line part, delivers the line part, and winds thread the part. As soon as puts the line partial structures for to step-by-step the electric motor through the shaft coupling, joins the drive shaft, the drive shaft design is stepped, the both sides adds gradually to among thickly, the drive shaft another end puts the line rollarounds fixedly, delivers the line part to use V belt transmission, the electrically operated engine shaft straight union in on V belt transmission driving pulley, winds thread the partial work table structure to be similar in puts the line part, sends out the line part to be possible in addition to carry on the crosswise adjustment through the guide rail, winds thread the part the work table to be possible to carry on the longitudinal adjustment through the guide screw nut place impetus on the guide rail.
The principle of work for first adjusts delivers the line part, causes it with to put the line part and to wind thread the part crosswise even uneven, then the adjustment winds thread the partial work tables, achieved the request carries on fixedly, like this guaranteed winds thread the process to maintain the translation throughout, winds thread the part the rollarounds is the elliptic type, winds thread the strength for the guarantee is the constant force, then the request threading speed is the change, then puts, delivers the link speed constantly for. The installment is the numerical control installment, includes reports to the police and so on the functions, after the worker only must break disassembles the stator winding.
Keywords Winding machine Installment Shaft coupling Nut place
I
目 錄
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第 1 章 緒 論 2
1.1 本課題的研究意義 2
1.2 本課題的基本內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介 2
第 2 章 電機(jī)的選擇 4
2.1 電機(jī)的概述及特點(diǎn) 4
2.2 步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)載的估算 5
2.3 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)常用計(jì)算公式 6
2.4 步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇程序 7
2.5 確定本設(shè)計(jì)的電動(dòng)機(jī) 10
第 3 章 機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.1 放線部分設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.2 送線部分設(shè)計(jì) 19
3.2.1 帶的選取與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 19
3.3 繞線部分設(shè)計(jì) 22
第 4 章 繞線機(jī)電路設(shè)計(jì)部分 24
4.1 電路部分的選擇 24
第 5 章 繞線機(jī)模擬仿真部分 25
5.1 系統(tǒng)仿真技術(shù)概述 25
5.2 計(jì)算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與未來(lái) 25
5.3 仿真建模的方法 26
參考文獻(xiàn) 28
致 謝 29
附錄1 30
佳木斯大學(xué)教務(wù)處 第 1 頁(yè)
第 1 章 緒 論
1.1 本課題的研究意義
本課題研究的繞線機(jī)是往電機(jī)中的定子鐵心上繞制繞組的一種機(jī)器，本課題所研究的繞線機(jī)為恒張力繞線機(jī)，之所以為恒張力，是與以往勻速繞制繞組的繞線機(jī)有所不同，其速度是變化的，可控的，依靠線組處的速度變化，使漆包線所受拉力恒定，以確保加工產(chǎn)品的良好絕緣性，這樣繞制出的線組性能更安全，從而能夠延長(zhǎng)電機(jī)的使用壽命。
目前我國(guó)還未曾研制出恒張力繞線機(jī)，希望本課題的研究能為我國(guó)恒張力繞線機(jī)的誕生貢獻(xiàn)微薄之力。本課題的研究對(duì)社會(huì)具有較大的學(xué)術(shù)意義和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。在課題設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，學(xué)生通過(guò)調(diào)查研究，收集資料，擬訂設(shè)計(jì)方案的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行繞線機(jī)的機(jī)械結(jié)