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1、2016年自考《英美文學選讀》（英）新古典主義時期：Jonathan Swift 2016年自考《英美文學選讀》（英）新古典主義時期：Jonathan Swift 1. 一般識記His life English author， born in Dublin， Ireland， Nov. 30， 1667， and died in Dublin， Oct. 19， 1745. Sift is generally considered the greatest prose satirist in English literature. Through fables， alle

2、gories， pamphlets he savagely exposed the vices follies of mankind championed mon sense. 2. 識記Sifts humanist vie Sift as a man of great moral integrity social charm. A man ith bitter life experience， he had a deep hatred for all the rich oppressors a deep sympathy for all the poor oppressed. His

3、 understanding of human nature is profound. In his opinion， human nature is seriously permanently flaed. To better human life， enlightenment is needed， but to redress it is very hard. So， in his ritings， although he intends not to condemn but to reform improve human nature human institutions. There

4、is often an Under-or over tone of helplessness indignation. 3. 領會His Sift is a master satirist. His satire is usually masked by an out ord gravity an apparent earnestness hich renders his satire all the more poerful. Sift is one of the greatest masters of English prose. He is almost unsurpass

5、ed in the riting of simple， direct， precise prose. He defined a good as "proper ords in proper places." Clear， simple， concrete diction， unplicated sentence structure， economy conciseness of language mark all his ritings-essays， poems novels. 4. 應用Selected reading An Excerpt from Chapter III， P

6、art I of Gullivers Travels. Gullivers Travels， Jonathan Sifts best fictional ork， contains four parts， each about one particular voyage during hich Gulliver has extraordinary adventures on some remote island after he has met ith shipreck or piracy or some other misfortune. As a hole the book is on

7、e of the most effective devastating criticisms satires of all aspects in the then English satires of all aspects in the then English European life - socially， politically， religiously， philosophically， scientifically， morally. Its social significance is great its exploration into human nature profou

8、nd. Gullivers Travels is also an artistic masterpiece. Here e find its author at his best as a master of prose. In structure， the four parts make an organic hole， ith each contrived upon an independent structure， yet plementing the others contributing to the central concern of study of human natur

9、e life. The first to parts are generally considered smallness in Part I ords just as effectively as the exaggerated largeness in Part 2. The similarities beteen human beings the Lilliputians the contrast beteen the Brobdingnagians human beings both bear reference to the possibilities of human state.

10、 Part 3 furthers the criticism of the estern civilization deals ith different malpractices false illusions about science， philosophy， history false illusions about science， philosophy， history even immortality. The lost part， here parison is made through both similarities differences， leads the reader to a basic question： What on earth is a human being?