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1、 Period Ⅱ Learning notes for Word power & Grammar and usage 【 Learning goals】 1. Learning a new word: impress 2.Learning a new sentence pattern: I like it when ? 3.Learning grammar: Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb Verb-ing phrases 【 Language focus】 impress vt.使印象深刻

2、， 印，蓋?。皇? ，使牢 vi. 人留下印象，使人注意 【教材原句】 When I heard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more, I was very impressed. (P31) 【例句研 】 翻 句子 （ 1） Im deeply impressed by what Ive seen and heard during this visit. ____________________________________________

3、______________________ （ 2） The teacher impressed on his students the importance of making notes in class. __________________________________________________________________ （ 3） A thousand words will not leave so deep an impression as one deed. __________________________________________

4、________________________ 【自主 】 翻 下列短 (1)be impressed by/with ___________________________ impress sth. on ones mind/memory ____________________________ impress sth. on/upon sb./impress on/upon sb. sth. ____________________________ impress sb. with sth. ____________________________

5、 (2)impression n. ____________________________ make/leave a deep impression on sb./ones memory ____________________________ 【即 鞏固】 My first ________ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. A ． expression B． attention C．satisfaction D． impression 句型 【教材原句】 I liked

6、 it when you told that joke. (P31) 【句法分析】 句中 like 是及物 ， it 是形式 ，真正的 when 引 的從句。 【自主 】 (1) 英 中在表示喜 、憎 之 的 后面常常不直接加 從句，而要用形式 it， 然后再加真正的 從句， 的 有： appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer 等。 ① ____________________________________________ 當夏天天氣 得太 的 候我就不喜

7、了。 ② ____________________________________________ 我不喜 人在公共 合大聲喧 。 第 1 頁 (2) 一些動詞短語后面也常用it 作形式賓語然后加真正的賓語從句，常見的動詞短語有： depend on, rely on, see to (確保 ) 等。 ③ ____________________________________________ 你相信好了，他們會支持你的。 Grammar and usage: Verb-ing form as an adjec

8、tive or adverb Verb-ing phrases V-ing 形式的時態(tài)和語態(tài) write 主動 被動 一般 writing being written 完成 having written having been written 1. He hurried home, looking behind as he went. （一般主動式） 2. Having finished their work, they had a rest. （完成主動式） 3. The large building being built is a li

9、brary. （一般被動式） 4. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. （完成被動式） 動詞 -ing 形式在功能上具有形容詞或副詞的特點，在句子中可以充當定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。 There are sleeping students in class. 定語 This lesson is boring. 表語 We all found his argument convincing and interesting. 賓語補足語 They stood talkin

10、g to each other. 狀語 ① 定語 a reading room 閱覽室 a washing machine 洗衣機 an exciting evening 激動人心的夜晚 an interesting crosstalk 有趣的相聲 臥鋪車 a sleeping car 吸煙室 a smoking room 聽力練習 listening practice 開幕詞 an opening speech 售票處 a booking office 自來水 running water This is an extremel

11、y interesting speech. The fast-growing economy has caused environmental problems. A wood-burning stove does harm to the environment. The people operating these factories are very concerned about the environment. The people who operate these factories are very concerned about the environm

12、ent. V-ing 形式可用于名詞前，用來修飾該名詞，功能上相當于形容詞。 有時還可將副詞置于 V-ing 形式前，可用于名詞前，修飾 V-ing 形式。 副詞或名詞可以和 V-ing 形式一起構(gòu)成復合詞，做定語。 V-ing 形式也可用于名詞后用來修飾該名詞，功能上相當于形容詞。此時 V-ing 形式可 以改寫為定語從句。 注意①：現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞 動名詞 a sleeping child 一個正在睡覺的孩子 a sleeping car 一輛臥車 第 2 頁 a flying b

13、ird 一只正在 翔的 a flying course 行 程 a swimming girl 一個正在游泳的女孩 a swimming pool 一個游泳池 名 作定 表名 的作用或功能； 在分 作定 表名 正在 行的 作。 注意② 在分 與 去分 ,不定式 作定 的區(qū) boiling water 正在沸 的水 the changing world 化中的世界 boiled water 開水 the changed world 化了的世界 the developing countries 展中國家 falling leaves

14、正在落下的葉子 the developed countries 達國家 fallen leaves 落葉 the rising sun 正在升起的太陽 the risen sun 已 升起的太陽 在分 作定 表示 作正在 生，與修 是主 關(guān)系。 去分 做定 與其修 之 是 關(guān)系或 去分 表示的 作已完成。 不定式作定 表示將要 生的 作。 the house being built 正在被建的房子 the house to be built 將要被建的房子 the house built 建好了的房子 ② 表 This

15、damage is frightening . 表示主 的特征、狀 等，一般接在 系 后面 在分 與 去分 作表 的區(qū) -ing 形式：表示 “令人 ?? 的”； -ed 形式：表示 “感到 ?? 的 ” interesting 使人感 趣的 exciting 令人激 的 interested 感 趣的 excited 感到激 的 puzzled 感到 解的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 puzzling 令人 解的 encouraged 感到鼓舞的 satisfying 令人 意的 worrying 令人擔心的

16、satisfied 感到 意的 worried 感到擔心的 ③ 足 They think of businessmen hiding from their responsibilities for the environment. 表示一個正在 行的 作或 一個 程或一種狀 。 V-ing 形式作 足 ，往往同 存在 主 關(guān)系。 V-ing 形式作 足 的常 ： make，let，have， keep, leave，see，watch，hear，notice， find ， feel 等。 1) He sat li

17、stening to her climbing (climb) the stairs. 2) How can you keep them waiting (wait) for so long? 注意： 在分 與 去分 、不定式作 足 的區(qū) ① 在分 作 表示 正在 行的 作或 一個 程或狀 ， 與其是主 關(guān)系。 ② 去分 作 表示 作已完成， 與其是 關(guān)系。 ③ 不定式作 表示將要 生的 作。 ④ 狀 第 3 頁 They stood talking to each other

18、. = They stood when they were talking to each other. Function as an adverb ☆ -ing 形式作狀 ，可以表示 、原因、 果、條件、 步、伴隨狀況等。 ☆ 常用于 stand， sit， lie 等 之后表示伴隨的狀 。 【注意 1】 完成主 式 having done 分 所表示的 作 生在句中 所表示的 作之前，一般在句中作 或原因狀 用，不能做定 用。 一般被 式 being done 表示正在 生的被 作 ,在句中作定 或狀 。 完成被 式 havin

19、g been done 表示 生在 作之前的被 作，在句中多作狀 ，不能作定 。 【注意 2】 非 的否定式均 not+非 在分 的否定形式 not + 在分 完成的否定式 not 放在 having 之前 動詞 -ing 短 V-ing phrases 1. V-ing 形式后面跟 和 /或狀 ，構(gòu)成 V-ing 短 ，在句子中充當狀 ，通常用來表示： ，原因， 果，條件， 步，伴隨?? ①作 狀 常置于句首 Asking around , I find many people wil

20、ling to pay a little higher prices for things that are friendly to the environment. = When I ask around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher prices for things that are friendly to the environment. Having observe the problem for many years, he announced that we are now facing the

21、biggest environmental problem of our time. = After he observed the problem for many years, he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time. 當 V-ing 短 用來表示 ，可以和when, after 等引 的 狀 從句互 。 ② 作原因狀 可置于句首或句末 Being so angry , he couldn ’ t go to sleepBecaus

22、e.= he was so angry, he couldn ’ t go to sleep. We are making bigger holes in the nets, hoping to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown . = We are making bigger holes in the nets, because we hope to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown. 當 V-ing 短 用來表示原因 ，可以和 because, as引 的

23、原因狀 從句互 。 ③ 作 果狀 常置于句末 The factory keeps giving off smoke, making the air dirty . = The factory keeps giving off smoke. As a result, the air is made dirty. 當 V-ing 短 用來表示 果 ，可以和 as a result 引 的 果狀 從句互 。 ④ 作條件狀 可置于句首或句末 第 4 頁 Preparing fully , we can achieve g

24、reat things. = If we prepare fully, we can achieve great things. Being given more attention , the trees could have grown better. =If they had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 當 V-ing 短 用來表示條件 ，可以和 if 引 的 果狀 從句互 。 ⑤ 作 步狀 可置于句首或句末 Working so hard, he faile

25、d again. =Though he worked so hard, he failed again 當 V-ing 短 用來表示 步 ，可以和 though, although, even if, no matter 等引 的 ? 步狀 從句互 。 ⑥ 作伴隨狀 可置于句首或句末 They came into the classroom, singing and laughing . =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. All night long he lay awake,

26、thinking of the problem. = All night long he lay awake and thought of the problem. V-ing 短 用作伴隨狀 ，它表示的 作伴隨主句 作同 生，即句子 所 表示的 作 主要 作，分 短 所表示的 作 伴隨性的次要 作。 2. 連詞 +V- ing 短 也可以用來表示 、 條件、 步等。常用的 有 when，whenever, while ， once, though， until ，if 等，相當于 些 引 的一個從句。 We have to consid

27、er the need for environmental protection when developing the economy. =We have to consider the need for environmental protection when we are developing the economy. Though willing to attend the party , he refused the invitation. =Though he was willing to attend the party, he refused t

28、he invitation. While staying in Beijing , he came to see me twice. =While he was staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice. If playing all day , you will waste your valuable time. =If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time. Though raining heavily , it cleared up very so

29、on. =Though it was raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 3. 通常情況下， V-ing 形式在句中作狀 ，其 主 和主句的主 保持一致。 He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket. Keeping 的 主 和句子的主 一致，都是 he = When he traveled on the plane like this, he kept the tortoise hidden in

30、a blanket. 【 】 在分 或分 短 作狀 ，注意如下三點： ■ 相當于相 的從句 ■ 在分 作狀 有不同的 與 ■ 分 的 主 就是全句的主 第 5 頁 獨立結(jié)構(gòu)是一種自身帶主語的非謂語動詞分句和無動詞分句。 除動名詞外， 非謂語動詞 的其他形式均有獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。 【 Feedback】 I. Choose the correct sentence. 1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. (

31、) b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly. ( ) 2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. ( ) b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it. ( ) 3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. ( ) b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful ga

32、rden. ( ) 4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. ( ) b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking. ( ) 5. a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week. ( ) b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week. ( )

33、 II. Rewrite sentences 1. Because he knew that there was a dog outside, the little boy didn ’ t open the door. = ______________________________________________________________ （原因） 2. If time permits, I will meet you for lunch. =__________________________________________________________

34、____ （獨立主格， 條件 ） 3. The couple went shopping. As a result, they left their eldest daughter alone at home. = _____________________________________________________________ （結(jié)果） 4. As he was very naughty, the teacher often punished him. = _________________________________________________

35、______________ （獨立主 格，原因） 5. He had to stay where he was, because his leg was broken. = _______________________________________________________________ （獨立主格， 原因） 6. As there was no alarm, she went back to her room. = _______________________________________________________________

36、 （獨立主 格，原因） III. Multiple choice 1. Last night, there were millions of people ______ the opening ceremony live on TV. A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching 2. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the moon. A. so

37、lving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved 3. There is a note pinned to the door ______ when the shop will open again. A. saying B. says C. said D. having said 第 6 頁 4. ______ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong Linda appears more mature than

38、 those of her age. A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend 5. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ______. A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected 6. The lecture ______, a lively question -

39、and -answer session followed. A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given 7. ______ nearly all our money, we couldn ’ t afford to stay at a hotel. A. Having spent B. To spend C. Spent D. To have spent 8. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her scho

40、ol days by a nurse ______ to guard her. A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed 9. It is standard practice for a company like this one ______ a security officer. A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs 10. When it comes to ______ in public, no one

41、can match him. A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. be spoken 11. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus ______ the delay. A. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause 12. After seeing the movie, ______. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read i

42、t C. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested him 13. There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 14. The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the president. A

43、. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 15. “ Can’ t you read? ” Mary saidto the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 16. I was in the bathroom, not ______ the knock at the door. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D.

44、heard 17. ______ through the park, beautiful flowers could be seen everywhere. A. Walking B. When I walked C. Walk D. Walked 18. ______ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 19. The flowers sweet in the b

45、otanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 第 7 頁 21. The old man, ______abroad for twenty

46、 years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 22. There was a terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 23. It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night

47、. A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned 24. There are various kinds of metals, each ______ its own properties. A. has B. had C. to have D. having 25. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work ______, we declined the offer. A. not being finished B. not having finished C. had not been finished D. was not finished 第 8 頁