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1、 Period Ⅱ Learning notes for Word power & Grammar and usage 【Learning goals】 1.Learning a new sentence pattern: more ? than ? 2.Learning grammar: Verb-ed form Verb-ed phrases Verb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectives 【 Language focus】 句型 【教材原句】 The boy was more frightened t

2、han hurt. (P50) 【句法分析 】句中的 more ... than ... 構(gòu)意 “與其 ?? 倒不如 ??”，此 構(gòu) more 后面的內(nèi)容， 表示同一個人或事物的兩種特征 比， more 和 than 后接不定式、形容 、 副 的原 、名 或介 短 等兩個并列成分。 【即 鞏固】 翻 句子 （ 1） Dont be too hard on him. Hes more cheated than stupid. _________________________________________________________ （ 2

3、） This story is no more interesting than that one. ＝ Neither this story nor that one is interesting. _________________________________________________________ （3） This story is not more interesting than that one. ＝ This story is not so/as interesting as that one. ____________________

4、_____________________________________ （ 4） Once is more than enough. How can you do it again? _________________________________________________________ 【自主 】 出下列短 no more than ____________________________________ no more ... than ... ____________________________________ not more

5、 than ____________________________________ not more ... than ... ____________________________________ more than ____________________________________ Grammar and usage: Verb-ed form Verb-ed phrases Verb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectives 一、 去分 的句法功能： 去分 具有形容 和副 的特征，在句中可作定 、表 、 足 、狀

6、 等。 （一）作定 作定 的 去分 相當(dāng)于形容 ，其 主 就是它所修 的名 。 Vt 的 去分 作定 ， 表被 或既表被 又表完成； Vi 的 去分 作定 ，只表完成。 1. 個的 去分 作定 常放在被修 的前面， 去分 短 放在被修 的后面。 被 染的水 polluted water 一個被打破的玻璃杯 a broken glass 一名 有素的 士 a trained nurse 升起了的太陽 the risen sun 落葉 fallen leaves 舊 used books 第 1 頁

7、 【注意】 (1) 有些單個的過去分詞， 如 left（剩余的）、concerned（有關(guān)的） 等，習(xí)慣上用作后置定語。 (2) 過去分詞修飾something, anything, everything, nothing, anybody, somebody, nobody, everybody 等不定代詞或指示代詞 those 時 ,要放在這些詞的后面。 2. 過去分詞作定語時相當(dāng)于一個定語從句， 但它比定語從句更簡潔， 其 “被動 ”與 “完成 ”的含 義可以通過從句表現(xiàn)出來。 The retired scientist is famou

8、s for his invention.= The scientist who has retired is famous for his invention. They held a meeting, attended by over five hundred people.= They held a meeting, which was attended by over five hundred people. 【注意】 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞都可作定語， 但現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)的是正在進(jìn)行的事情， 有主動意 義；而過去分詞表示的是已完成的事情，有被動意義。 T

9、he man writing the letter is my friend. = The man who is writing the letter is my friend. The broken glass scattered on the ground. = The glass that was broken scattered on the ground. （二）作表語 過去分詞作表語時， 表示主語的狀態(tài)， 且該狀態(tài)通常是由外界因素引起的， 這時過去分詞可 以被看作一個形容詞化的過去分詞。 All of us were moved to tears at

10、 the sorrowful story. 聽了那個悲傷的故事， 我們感動得流下 淚來。 The shops have remained shut for a week. 這些商店關(guān)門一周了。 【注意】過去分詞作表語時，形式上和動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似 ,但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同。 由過去分詞作表語構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的過去分 詞，則強調(diào)動作。 The book is well written. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語的特點 ) The book was written by LuXun. (被動結(jié)構(gòu)，表示動作 ) （三

11、）作補足語 作賓補的過去分詞一般都來自 Vt ，和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。可以帶過去分詞作賓補的 動詞常見的有 see, hear, watch, feel, find, notice, observe, think 等表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞 和 have, make, get 等使役動詞，以及 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 The boy found himself lost in the forest. 那個男孩發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在森林里迷路了。 When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yo

12、urself heard. 在作報告時，你應(yīng)該大點聲使自己被人聽清。 He sat there, with his hands tied behind. 他作在那里，手被捆在后面。 I found him surrounded by a group of children. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他被一群孩子包圍著。 【注意】由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，原來的賓語補足語成為主語補足語。 He was found surrounded by a group of children. (四 )作狀語 過去分詞作狀語時， 與句子的主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系， 可以表示時間， 原因，條件， 結(jié)

13、果，讓步， 第 2 頁 行 方式或伴隨情況等。 1. 表 ，相當(dāng)于一個 狀 從句。如果分 表示的 作與 作同 生，可以在分 前用 when, while 等使其 意 更明確。 When ( he was ) asked the question, he answered he wanted to do it. 當(dāng) 到那個 ,他回 答他愿意去做。 2. 表原因，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀 從句。 Written ( = As it was written ) in a hurry, her letter is ve

14、ry hard to read. 因 寫得快， 她的信很 。 Being poor, he can ’ t go to school因 . ,他無法上學(xué)。 3. 表條件，相當(dāng)于一個條件狀 從句。 Heated (= If iron is heated ), iron expands. 受 會膨 。 Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work. 一旦康復(fù)，他準(zhǔn) 出去工作。 4. 表 果 I finally reached the finishing line bitterly exhaus

15、ted. 我 于跑到了 點 ,疲 不堪。 5. 表 步，相當(dāng)于一個 though/although 引 的 步狀 從句。 Tired (Although they were tired ) by the running, they went on running after the robber. 盡管已 跑得筋疲力盡 ,他 是 追趕著那個 盜。 6. 表方式或伴隨 She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出了屋子，后面跟著她的小女兒。 He continued

16、to walk up and down, lost in thought. 他不停地來回走 ，陷入沉思。 【注意】 (1) 有些 去分 因來源于系表 構(gòu) ,作狀 不表被 而表狀 。 的 去分 短 及短 有： lost, seated, hidden, lost/absorbed in, born, dressed in, tired of, etc. Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于 個美 的小 , 他不愿意離開它。 (2) 分 的 主 不是句子的主 ， 不用分 ， 用完整的狀 從句，

17、或把分 的 主 直接放在分 的前面， 即獨立主格 構(gòu)。 種 構(gòu)在句中多作伴隨狀 ， 亦可用來表示 、原因、條件等。 Everything considered, we set off for the tourist destination. Weather permitting, we will go out. The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom. There being no enough money, he couldnt buy the

18、 dictionary that he wanted. (3) done 作狀 表示 作和其 主 之 存在被 關(guān)系且和 的 作幾乎同 生，或不 生的 ； having been done 作狀 被 及 作在主句 的 作之前 生。 Led by the Chinese Communist Party, we live a happy life. Having been shown around the lab, the students visited the meeting room. = After they had been

19、 shown around the lab, ? 第 3 頁 二、 去分 和 在分 用作形容 英 中有很多與感 有關(guān)的 Vt, 其 在分 表示主 意 ， 事物的內(nèi)在特有性 與特 點，即 “令 人有某種感 ”，主 通常是物；而 去分 表示被修 的 “自身感到 ??”，主 一般 是人。如 : exciting- excited astonishing- astonished delighting- delighted disappointing-disappointed encouraging-

20、encouraged frightening- frightened interesting- interested moving- moved pleasing- pleased shocking- shocked tiring- tired worrying- worried satisfying-satisfied 【注意】 修 人的聲音、 表情等，常用 去分 ， 如 one’s surprised look 某(人吃驚的表情 ), one ’s excited voice( 某人 的聲音 ) ，但有 也可用 在分 來修 人的聲音、表情等。比 ：

21、看到蛇，女孩尖叫起來。 The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake.(The girl felt frightened.) 他那令人恐怖的吼聲把女孩 嚇跑了。 His frightening shout scared the girls.(The shout was frightening and the girls felt frightened .) 似的： an exciting voice 令人 的聲音 an excited voice 自己感到 的聲音 a puzzling

22、 look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 自己感到困惑的表情 【 Feedback】 1. What did the librarian _____ out of the library? A. permit to take B. forbid to be taken C. allow to take D. insist being taken 2. ---- Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn? ---- _____ the boring time. A. Kill B. K

23、illing C. To kill D. Having killed 3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _____ the joy with all the Chinese. A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share 4. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend ______. A. playing with B. having p

24、layed with C. to play with D. with whom to play 5. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of life. A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frightening C. Seen; frightened D. To see; frightening 6. Could you give me a hand ______ from a car, please?

25、 第 4 頁 A. to carry the shopping B. for carrying the shopping C. and carrying shopping D. carrying the shopping 7. Every minute must be made full use of ______ our lessons, for the college entrance examination is coming. A. going over B. to go over C. go over D. our g

26、oing over 8. Who did the teacher have ______ an article for the wall newspaper just now? A. written B. writing C. write D. to write 9. She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to ____ her. A. have seen B. seeing C. see D. be seen 10. There are ten waiti

27、ng rooms at the newly-built station, _____ 20,000 people in all. A. seating B. seated C. sitting D. to seating 11. “ If , ” he added, “ _____ enough time, I would certainly have done it better. ” A. to give B. I was given C. given D. to be given 12. ---- Can’ t you take a

28、few days off from work to go with me to New York? ---- Sure. _____ my way and I will be glad to. A. Pay B. If you pay C. To pay D. Paying 13. ______ the answer, Tom, who asked the question, still stood with his hand ______. A. Giving; raised B. Given; raised C. Given; risen D. Giving; ri

29、sing 14. ---- Shall we go swimming? ---- Ok, I ’ ll just go and get _______. A. to change B. myself changed C. changed D. to be changed 15. ---- Would you do me a favor? ---- I regret ______ I am busy right now. A. to say B. saying C. having said D. to have said 16. I have no o

30、ne _____ me, for I am a new comer here. A. help B. helping C. to help D. to have helped 17. The building ____ in our school is for us teachers. Though ther e’ s noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it. A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being built 18. There ’

31、 s ____ what the weather will be like tomorrow. A. no knowing B. not known C. not knowing D. no known 19. ---- You ___ part in the party on time. ---- Sorry, I was delayed by the accident. A. are to take B. were supposed to take C. were to have taken D. supposed to take? 20. _____

32、with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn ’ t seem high at all. A. When compared B. To compare C. While comparing D. It compared 21. _____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself ____ at the party. 第 5 頁 A. Dressed; noticed B. Dressing; noticin

33、g C. Dressed; noticing D. Dressing; noticing 22. The matter ____ your study surely requires ____ carefully. A. relating to; dealing with B. related to; dealt with C. related to; being dealt with D. relating to; having dealt with 23. Everything ___ into consideration, they believed the

34、mselves more and returned to their positions. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking 24. ---- What do you think of the plan? ---- It ’ s easier said than _____. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out 25. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum ( 博鰲論壇 ) bec

35、ause they knew what ____ from the forum. A. to get B. to be got C. got D. getting 26. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like ____to themselves. A. to introduce B. to be introduced C. introducing D. being introduced 27. ---- Were you at home last Sunday? ---

36、- Yeah! I devoted the whole day to _____ the English grammar. A. review B. reviewing C. be reviewed D. being reviewed 28. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 29. ____, John returned to school fro

37、m his hometown. A. The summer vocation being over B. The summer vocation is over C. Because the summer vocation over D. After the summer vocation being over 30. ____ she can ’ t come, who will do the work? A. Supposed B. Supposing C. Having supposed D. Being supposed 31. ---- Is there

38、 anything you want from town? ---- No, thank you. But I would like to get ______. A. those letters mailed B. mailed letters C. to mail those letters D. those letters mail 32. After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could ____ the rooms. A. tidy up B. to clear away C. clea

39、r away D. tidying up 33. _____ it or not, this dictionary has shocked everyone in scientific circles. A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed 34. To tell you the truth, I ’ d rathernwatchreadTV;thathe programs seem _____ all the time. A. to get worse B. to be getting worse C

40、. to have got worse D. getting worse 35. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on education, with girls as 第 6 頁 well as boys _____ to go to school. A. to be encouraged B. encouraging C. encouraged D. be encouraged 36. Everyone had an applicat

41、ion form in his hand, but no one knew which office ____. A. to send it to B. to send it C. to be sent to D. to have it sent 37. The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _____ as interpreter. A. the guide acts B. the guide acting C. acting D. acted 38. Linda is tho

42、ught to __ ______ in Africa, but I really don ’ t know what country she worked in. A. have worked B. work C. be working D. be worked 39. _____ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb. A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having sa

43、ved 40. ___ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school. A. Having given B. Given C. To give D. Give 41. Whatever trouble Mr. White had ____ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion. A. deal B. to deal C. dealt D. dealin

44、g 42. _____ the distance was too long and the time was too short, we decided not to drive to Florida. A. Discovering B. To discover C. To have discovered D. Discovered 43. What surprised me most was that there appeared a ____ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news. A. worrying B

45、. worried C. worry D. worries 44. If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you will find it more attractive than commonly _______. A. supposing B. to suppose C. supposed D. being supposed 45. ---- Haven ’ t you seen the sign, ____ “ NO PHOTOS”? ---- I ’ m really sorry I didn ’

46、 t. A. reads B. to read C. read D. reading 46. ____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out. A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. To taste 47. ---- The plan is heard _______ so well that we don ’ t have to make any changes. ----It is indeed. A. t

47、o design B. designing C. designed D. design 48. The woman found it no good ____ her daughter too much money. A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave 49. Her dress has become loose. She appears ____ weight. A. to lose B. being lost C. losing D. to have lost 50. I find these

48、 problems are easy ____. A. to be worked out B. to work them out 第 7 頁 C. to work out D. to be worked them out 51. The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, ____ them more terrible. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not

49、 make 52. ----I would like to buy an expensive camera. ----Well. We have several models ____. A. to choose from B. chosen C. to be chosen D. for choosing 53. Tigers _____ meat-eating animals _____ meat. A. belonged to; fed on B. belonging to; feed on C. were belonged to; feed on D.

50、 belonging to; feeding on 54. ----Is it _____ the bad smell that is difficult? ----Of course. A. how getting rid of B. got rid of C. to get rid of D. being got rid of 55. Never ______ off your coat; it ’ s rather cold outside. A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken 第 8 頁