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1、【例句研 】 出句子，注意 Period Ⅱ Learning notes for Word power & Grammar and usage 【 Learning goals】 1. Learning a new expression: let alone 2.Learning a new sentence pattern: One reason why ? is that ? 3.Learning grammar: Unreal conditions 【 Language focus】 let alone 【教材原句】

2、In his youth, however, he never left his home town, let alone travelled to another country. because he had to work to support his family.(P41) let alone在句中的意 (1)I can not speak Italian, let alone write it. (2)Let him alone. He must have been drunk . 【自主歸納】 let alone 的同義詞組（譯出劃線部分） (1)

3、Pollution has a negative effect on the health of everyone living in the city, not to mention the damage to the environment. (2) It` s difficult to compete abroad, much less win a championship! 【即 鞏固】 根據(jù) 完成句子 (1) 他 父母的 都不聽，更不用 祖父母的了。 He wouldn ’ t listen to his parents, . (2) 個兩 大的

4、寶寶 不會走路，更不用 跑了。 The 2-year-old baby can ’ t even walk, . (3) 我 一定不要理他，他看上去像個 子。 because looks like a crazy man. 句型 【教材原句】 One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years. (P38) 【句法分析】 (1) The reason why ... is

5、 that ... 表示 “??的原因是 ??”。在此句型中 why 引 定 從句 修 the reason; that 引 表 從句， 明 the reason 的內(nèi)容。 (2)The reason why ... is that ... 的 化形式是： The reason for ... is that ... 【即 鞏固】 翻 句子 （ 1） The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. ________________________

6、______________________________________ （ 2） The reason for their success is that they knew how to study. ______________________________________________________________ Grammar and usage: Unreal conditions 虛 擬 語 氣 虛 氣表示 人的愿望、 假 或建 ， 而不表示客 存在的事 。 虛 氣通 的特殊形式來表示。下面分 介 虛 氣在各種句式中的

7、用法。 一、虛 氣用于條件狀 從句 虛 條件句三種基本情況的 形式： 第 1 頁 所述情況 從句 主句 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 If+ 主語 +動詞過去式 主語 +would / could /might / should+ 動詞原形 (did / were) 與過去事實相反 If+ 主語 +動詞過去完成式 主語 +would /could / might / should+ have done (had done) 1)if+ 主語 +動詞過去式

8、與將來事實相反 2)if+ 主語 +were to + 動詞原形 主語 +would / could /might / should+ 動詞原形 3)if+ 主語 +should+ 動詞原形 [ 注意 ] ： 主句中的 should 通常用于第一人稱， would 可用于任何人稱， 同時也可根據(jù)意思用情態(tài)動詞 could, might 等代替。 1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反： 1) If he had (have) time, he would attend (attend) the meeting. 2) If I were (be) you

9、, I should study (study) English. 2. 表示與過去事實相反： If you had come (come) yesterday, you would have met (meet) him. 3. 表示與將來事實相反： 1) If it were to / should rain (rain) tomorrow, the meeting would be put (put) off. 2) If you came (come) tomorrow, we would have (have) the meeting. [

10、注意 ] ： 1、省略 if 的情況 如果從句中含有系動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞時，可省略 if, 把從句中的 were, had 或 should 提到其主語之前形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 1) 要是我是你我就會放棄。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. 2) 要是他們沒有幫助我們的話，我們使肯定不會成功的。 If they hadn ’ t helped us, we would not have succeeded. Had they not hel

11、ped us , we would not have succeeded. 3) 要是明天下雨的話，我就呆在家里。 If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. Should it rain tomorrow , I would stay at home. 4) 要是明天下雨的話，會議將被取消。 If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. Were it to rain tomorrow , the meeting would b

12、e put off. 2、錯綜時間條件句 從句與主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，要根據(jù)實際情況調(diào)整。 要是你聽了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就好多了。 If you had followed ( follow) my advice, you would be ( be ) better now. 3、含蓄條件句 在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn) if 引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。 常用 or / otherwise / but that + 句子或介詞 with / without / but for + n. 表示隱含一種非真實的 條件。

13、 1) 要不是因為雨，我們已經(jīng)完成工作了。 第 2 頁 But for the rain, we would have finished the work. 2) 要是沒有音 的 ， 世界將會是個枯燥的世界。 Without music, the world would be a dull place. 3) 我想和你去的，但是我太忙了。 I would go with you but I ’ m busy. 4) I ’ m glad I went over all my notes, otherwise _____

14、. ( C ) A. I may have failed B. I ’ d fail C. I d’have failed D. I ’ ll have failed 5) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her. ( C ) A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 二、常用虛 氣的句型 1. I wish 但愿

15、 ? I wish ( that) 主 +did / were (與 在事 相反 ) I wish ( that) 主 +had done / could / would have done. ( 與 去事 相反 ) I wish ( that) 主 +would / could do (與將來事 相反 ) 1) I wish ( that ) I were as clever as you (和你一 明 ) 2) I wish (that ) I had told him the truth （我把真相告 了他） 3) I wish (tha

16、t ) you could go with us .（你可以和我 一起去） 2. If only 要是 ? 就好了 If only + 主 +did / were (與 在事 相反 ) If only + 主 +had done ( 與 去事 相反 ) If only + 主 +would / could do ( 與將來事 相反 ) 1) 要是我能在一天內(nèi)把英 學(xué)好就好了。 If only I could learn English well in one day. 2) 要是我聽了他的建 就好了。 If only I had ta

17、ken his advice. 3) 要是西蒙能 我回信就好了。 If only Simon would reply to my letter. 3. would rather 寧可、真希望 ? would rather (that ) + 主 +did / were (與 在事 相反 ) ? would rather (that ) + 主 +had done (與 去事 相反 ) ? would rather (that ) + 主 +did / were (與將來事 相反 ) 1) 我寧可你明天干 份工作。 I ’ d rathe

18、r youdid (do) the work tomorrow. 2) 我 真希望你沒做 那 的事。 We would rather you hadn ’ t done(not do ) that. 3) 我真希望你 在就付 我。 I ’ d rather youpaid (pay ) me now. 4. as if / as though 好似、似乎 ? as if +主 +did / were (與 在事 相反 ) ? as if +主 +had done (與 去事 相反 ) ? as if +主 + would / cou

19、ld / might do (與將來事 相反 ) 1) When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were ( be ) broken. 2) He talked about the film as if he had seen ( see )it. 第 3 頁 3) It looks as if it might rain (rain). 但 as if / as though 后的從句也常用 述 氣， 是因 從句中的情況往往是可能 生的或可

20、 被 想 真 的。 It looks as if our side is going to win ( 我 要 了 ). 5. If it were not for 如果沒?有 ? If it were n ot for ?主,語 + should / would do. (與 在事 相反 ) If it had not been for 主 ?+ ,would have done. (與 去事 相反 ) 1) 要是沒有下雨，莊稼會死掉的。 If it were not for the rain, the crops should / would

21、 die. 2) 要是沒有你 的及 幫助，我本可能失 了。 If it had not been for your timely help, I would have failed. 6. It ’ s ( high / about ) time (that)主 +did 早 做而未做的事，并含有建 的意味 或 It ’s (high / about ) time (that) sb should do (should不能省略， be 用 were) This is the first / second ? time主 ( +havethat) / has d

22、one 1)It ’ s already 5 o ’ clock now. Don ’ t you think it went’( gosabout)home?time we 2)This was the last time he had been ( be ) there. 7. 虛 氣在 suggest, insist, demand, command, arrange, order, require, request, advise, desire, propose 等表示 “建 、命令、 持、要求 ”等后面的 從句中。 ~ ( that ) 主 +

23、 ( should) do 1) The doctor suggested that she should stay in bed for a few days (他躺在床上幾天 ). 2) He insisted that he should be sent to the west (把他派往西部 ). 3) He demanded that we should start right now (我 立刻出 ). [ 注意 ]當(dāng) insist 作 “ ”、“ 持 ”， suggest 作 “暗示 ”、 “表明 ”解 ， 從句不用虛 氣。 W

24、e insisted that she (should) go with us (她和我 一起去 ). Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything (他從未 西 ). His pale face suggested that he was ill (他病了 ). 虛 氣用于 suggestion, demand, arrangement, order, request, proposal, idea, plan 等名 的表 從句和同位 從句中。 ~ is that 主 + ( should) do ~ that

25、 主 + ( should) do 1) We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Beijing for sightseeing (我 去北京 光 ). 2)My idea is that he should accept the job ( 他 接受 份工作 ). 虛 氣用于主 從句中。 It is desired / suggested / decided / ordered /requested /proposed ? + that +主 + (should) do 要求她今天下午完

26、成作 。 It is desired that she should finish her homework this afternoon . 8. It is + adj. +that 從句 It is necessary / important / strange / natural / surprising 主 +( should) do? + that 1) 我 必 每天打 教室。 It ’ s necessarythat we should clean the classroom every day . 2) 已決定會 延期到明天。

27、 It is decided / has been decided that the meeting should be postponed till tomorrow . [ 注意 ]：如果 人 種事 表示驚奇，就可用虛 氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇， that 第 4 頁 從句也可用陳述語氣。 1) 很遺憾你不會游泳。 It ’ s a pitythat you can ’ t. swim 2) 很遺憾他昨天沒來。 It ’sstrange that he did not come yesterday . 9.

28、 in case / lest(文，口語中用 that 替換 ) / for the fear that 引導(dǎo)狀語從句表示實現(xiàn)的可能性極 小或意想不到的情況，意為 “以免，唯恐 ” in case / lest / for the fear that + should do 1) He ran away lest he should be caught. 他怕被抓因而逃走了。 2) I ’ m afraid lest / forfear that he should miss the train . 我擔(dān)心他會錯過了火車。三、虛擬語氣在簡單句中的運用。 1. 表

29、示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌，使語氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會話中。 1) Would you be kind enough to open the door (開門 )? 2) It would be better for you not to stay up too late (你不要熬夜太晚 ). 2. 用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。 1) 你最好現(xiàn)在就去那里。 You had better go now. 2) 要來杯咖啡嗎？ Would you like a cup of tea? 3. 用 “ may +動詞原形 ”，表示 “祝愿 ”、“但愿

30、”。 May 須置于句首。 1) 祝你愉快 May you be happy! 2) 祝你成功！ May you succeed! 【Feedback】 1. As you worked late last night, you _____ have come this morning. A. needn ’ t B. mayn ’ t C. can ’ t D. mustn ’t 2. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made

31、. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. am reading 3. You were late for yesterday ’ s party. If you ____ a few minutes earlier, you ___ him. A. came; would meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet 4. We might have failed if you

32、_____ us a helping hand. A. have not given B. would not given C. had not given D. did not give 5. The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a month. A. has B. have C. had D. will have 6. What a kind teacher! But for his help, I _____ my study. A. wou

33、ldn ’ t finish B. wouldn ’ t have finished C. shouldn ’ t have finishedD. mustn t’have finished 7. He _____ another career, but at the time, he didn ’havet enough money to attend graduate school. A. might choose B. might have chosen C. had to choose D. must

34、have chosen 8. He paid for a seat, when he _____ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 9. –Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month? --No, we _____ it, but we spent too much time shopping. 第 5 頁 A. could have visited B. must have visite

35、d C. can ’ t have visited D. shouldn ’ t have visited 10. The careless driver knocked down the old man. He _____ have driven so fast. A. can ’ t B. mustn ’ t C. wouldn ’ t D. shouldn ’t 11. Isn ’ t it time that you _____ someone ’ s life _____ easier? A. will make; a bit B. made; a l

36、ot of C. made; a bit D. have; a little 12. I supported him in time, otherwise he _____ off the bike. A. might fall B. would fall C. should have fallen D. would have fallen 13. –Did you meet with the famous athlete, Liu Xiang? --_____ I had come here earlier! A. If only B. If not C. Bu

37、t for D. For rear 14. –Mum, I climbed to get the kite down stuck in the tree? --My goodness! You _____ yourself. You _____ do that next time. A. must have hurt; mustn B.’shouldt have hurt; can ’t C. may have hurt; mustn D’.might have hurt; won ’ t be able to 15. My demand is that the

38、information referred to in my report _____ to Mr Brown without delay. A. to be e-mailed B. e-mailed C. be e-mailed D. being e- mailed 16. _____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 17.

39、 –I went to work on foot yesterday, though it _____ cats and dogs. --You _____ by bus. It was likely to get a cold. A. is raining; must have gone B. rained; would go C. was raining; should have gone D. have rained; could have gone 18. _____ the fog, we should have reached our school.

40、A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 19. –What will you do during winter vacation? -- I don ’ t know, but it ’ s about time _____ something. A. I decided B. I ’ ll decide C. I ’ d decided D. I ’ m deciding 20. Look! What you ’ ve done! You _____ have been

41、 more careful. A. should B. may C. ought D. would 21. With your ability, you _____ out the puzzle within a few minutes. What a pity! A. could have worked B. need have worked C. ought have worked D. must have worked 22. My suggestion is that the sick boy _____ to hospital

42、as soon as possible. A. is taken B. must be taken C. be taken D. has to be taken 23. _____ here yesterday, he would attend the lecture with us today. A. Had he been B. If he were C. Were he D. Should be he 24. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _____ the trouble to ca

43、rry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn ’ t have takenD. mustn ’ t have taken 25. –Catherine, I have cleared the room for you. --Thanks. You _____ it. I could manage it myself. A. needn ’ t do B. needn ’ t have done C. mustn ’ t do D.

44、shouldn ’ t have done 26. If I _____ a chance to plan to do what I wanted to in the Golden Week, I ’ d have gone to 第 6 頁 A. would have B. had C. had had D. have had 27. – Don’ t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York? --I agree, but the problem is ___

45、__ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 28. _____ before we set off the day after tomorrow, we should have a splendid dinner party. A. Were they to arrive B. Were they arriving C. Would they arrive D. Ha

46、d they arrived 29. –How I want to have studied harder when I was in school. --If you had, you _____ work into late every day nowadays. Anyhow, better late than never. A. don ’ t B. wouldn ’ t C. didn ’ tD. won ’t 30. – Did you say something rude to her because of what she --Yes, but’I d

47、 done?. A. had better not do B. would rather not do C. oughtn ’ t to do D. shouldn ’ t have done 31. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study 32. He treated me as though I _____ his own son. A

48、. am B. would be C. be D. were 33. If he had come a few minutes earlier, you _____ him. A. have met B. would have met C. should meet D. would meet 34. –Look at the black clouds. It _____ soon. –Sure. If only we _____ out. A. is raining; didn ’ t startB.is to rain; haven ’ t started C

49、. will rain; haven ’ t startedD.isgoing to rain; hadn ’ t started 35. It is necessary that people both young and old in China _____ some English to be prepared for the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2019. A. learn B. will learn C. must learn D. shall learn 36. –Did you visit t

50、he famous museum? --No. We _____ it, but we spent too much time shopping. A. shouldn ’ t have visited B. must have visited C. can ’ t have visited D. could have visited 37. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I _____ to it. A. had not gone B.

51、 have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone 38. I suggested that we _____ the meeting till next week. A. would put off B. might put off C. had put off D. put off 39. What do you think of Xiao Yang ’ s proposal__that playwe at the English meeting? A. had put on B. shoul

52、d put on C. have put on D. will put on 40. – I didn ’ t take notes at yesterday ’ s meeting because I had left my pen at home. --You _____ mine. I _____ it. A. must have borrowed; wasn ’ t usingB. may have borrowed; didn ’ t use C. could have borrowed; wasn ’ t usingD.

53、should have borrowed; hadn ’ t used 41. It is strange that he _____ away without telling us. A. would have gone B. had gone C. should have gone D. were going 42. If I _____ pass the exam, I would treat you to dinner at KFC. A. will B. were to C. was to D. am going to

54、 第 7 頁 43. I would rather they _____ tomorrow. A. come B. should come C. came D. had come 44. Without electricity, what _____? A. will our life be like B. our life would be like C. our life will be like D. would our life be like 45. It turned out that I mistook him! If

55、 only you _____ me that earlier. A. tell B. would tell C. had told D. have told 46. Oh, what a pity! It _____ so easier for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you, but I ’ ve left them at the table at home. A. would have been B. is C. had been D. was 47. Without the Int

56、ernet, human life _____ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 48. _____, it would be silly to argue about it any longer. A. Was that true B. If that was true C. Should that be true D. Could that be true 49. _____ I in your position, I would go.

57、 A. If B. Were C. Being D. Should 50. _____ fine tomorrow, we would go to select the wedding suit for them. A. If it will be B. Had it been C. Should it be D. If it was 51. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free. A. did; set B. had done; be set

58、C. should do; must be set D. had done; must be set 52. The captain commanded that the soldiers _____ launch another attack on the enemy at once. A. should B. must C. could D. had to 53. How happy I _____, if you had been with me then. A. could be B. would have been C. should be

59、D. were 54. It is time that the government ____ measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking 55. – Mary didn ’ t turn up last night, did she? --No, she _____. The case had nothing to do with her. A. shouldn ’ t have comeB. need

60、n ’ t have to come C. didn ’ t need to comeD. needn ’ t have come 56. If it were the fact that she _____ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldn ’ tB. shouldn ’ tC. can ’ t D. might not 57. The commander ordered that the wounded _____ to hospital right away. A. to

61、 be sent B. be sent C. send D. should send 58. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn ’ t be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn ’tD. can ’t 59. –Would you like to have a taxi? -- No, I _____ walk there. It ’ s such a lovely day. A. can B. oug

62、ht to C. had better D. would rather 60. The public transportation is very convenient in that big city, so there _____ be any difficulty in travelling around. A. mustn ’ t B. wouldn ’ t C. shouldn ’ tD. needn ’t 61. --How did you do in the test? --Not so well. I _____ much better but I m

63、isread the directions for writing. 第 8 頁 A. will have done B. could have done C. must have done D. may have done 62. If the present unemployment _____ continue, the society would face a more difficult situation. A. would B. should C. might D. could 63. -- Isn ’ t it amazin

64、g that such a good player _____ have failed to be selected to compete. –Yes, but that is life. A. would B. might C. must D. should 64. If we throw away too much waste and can ’ t keep good ecosystem, we_ our future. A. must have destroyed B. could be destroying C. may be destroying D.

65、 must destroy 65. His fai lure in the experiment suggested that he _____ his teacher ’ s proper instructions. A. should not have followed B. should not follow C. mustn ’ t have followed D. hadn ’ t followed 66. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free. A. did

66、; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set 67. Mother suggested that I _____ my homework first before watching TV . A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done 68. My suggestion was that the meeting _____ off till next week. A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting 第 9 頁