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人教版,英語,第33講 賓語從句,中考對賓語從句考查的重點(diǎn)是引導(dǎo)詞、時態(tài)和語序。,高頻考向一 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 ①賓語從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that，在口語中that可以省略。如： We believe(that)he is honest.我們相信他是誠實(shí)的。 ②如果賓語從句由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來，其引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether。一般情況下，二者可以通用，但從句中有or not或從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語時，只能用whether。如： I don't know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否將來這兒。 Sorry，I don't know whether he will come or not.對不起，我不知道他是否會來。,③賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，引導(dǎo)詞就是特殊疑問詞。如： Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告訴我郵局在哪里嗎？ The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老師問學(xué)生他們正在做什么。,【例1】—I'm waiting for the mail.Do you know ________ it will arrive? —Usually it comes by 4：00 p．m.(2015，青島) A．how B．where C．when D．what 解析：how意為“怎樣”；where意為“在哪里”；when意為“什么時候”；what意為“什么”。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，空格所在句是含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，此處缺少引導(dǎo)詞，由答句句意“通常在下午4點(diǎn)之前來?！笨赏浦?，問句句意為“你知道它什么時候到嗎？”。 答案：__C__,【例2】 —Do you know ________ Dengchao is? —He is an actor.He is the team leader in the popular reality TV show Running Man now.(2015，連云港) A．which B．when C．what D．how 解析：which“哪一個，哪一些”，詢問人或物；when“什么時候”，詢問時間；what“什么”，詢問事物或職業(yè)；how“怎樣；怎么”，詢問方式或感受等。由答語He is an actor.可知問句詢問的是職業(yè)。 答案：__C__,高頻考向二 賓語從句的時態(tài) 賓語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)是由主句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)來決定的，一般有下面幾種情況： ①主句的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時或祈使句時，從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況用相應(yīng)的任何時態(tài)。如： He says he will ask Mr. Hu to give Jim some work.他說他將讓胡先生給吉姆一些工作。 ②主句的時態(tài)為過去時態(tài)時，從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)要用相應(yīng)的過去的某一時態(tài)。如： She said she missed us very much.她說她非常想念我們。,③從句表示的是客觀真理、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時，從句的時態(tài)一律使用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他說太陽比地球大。,【例3】 —Could you tell me ________ the Space Museum? —Sure，next Monday. A．when we visited B．when did we visit C．when we will visit D．when will we visit 解析：由答語next Monday(下周一)可知，賓語從句應(yīng)用一般將來時態(tài)，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述句語序。 答案：__C__,【例4】 —Can you tell me ________ the prize，Tom? —Last year. A．when you got B．when did you get C．when will you get D．when you will get 解析：賓語從句的語序須是陳述句語序，排除B、C項(xiàng)；由答句last year可知從句的時態(tài)為一般過去時。 答案：__A__,高頻考向三 賓語從句的語序 ?在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，賓語從句要使用陳述語序，即“引導(dǎo)詞＋主語＋謂語＋其他”。如： I want to know when the train left.我想知道火車是什么時候離開的。 注意：①有些特殊疑問句本身是陳述句語序。如： What's wrong with.? Which is the way to.? What happened to you.? What's the matter/trouble.? Who studies the hardest in your class?,②do you think后接賓語從句時，特殊疑問詞即引導(dǎo)詞要前置，do you think作為插入語。如： Who do you think he is talking with？你認(rèn)為他正在和誰交談？,?由do，does，did構(gòu)成的疑問句，在轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句時，要去掉do，does，did，且從句中的謂語動詞要根據(jù)主句時態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的變化。如： “Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him. →The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.這個音樂老師想知道他唱得是否很好。,?如果是will，be，have，can組成的疑問句，在變?yōu)橘e語從句時，要把這些詞還原到句中原來的謂語位置上，并根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。如： “Will you be free tomorrow？”She asked me. →She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她問我明天是否是空閑的。,【例5】 —Hi，Bruce.Here is a letter for you. —Thanks.I wonder ________. A．who the letter was from B．who was from the letter C．who was the letter from D．who from the letter was 解析：賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序，即be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞都應(yīng)放在主語后，在此賓語從句中，主語是the letter，謂語was from應(yīng)放在主語后，故排除選項(xiàng)B和C；選項(xiàng)D將from置于主語前，是錯誤的。句意“嗨，布魯斯。這兒有你的一封信?！薄爸x謝。我想知道這封信是誰寄來的?！?答案：__A__,【例6】 —Can you tell me ________ this morning? —Sorry，I've no idea. A．why didn't Daming come to school B．why Daming didn't come to school C．why doesn't Daming come to school D．why Daming doesn't come to school 解析：由this morning可知事情發(fā)生在過去，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述句語序。 答案：__B__,高頻考向四 賓語從句的否定前移 在賓語從句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等時，如果主句為I或we時，從句中表示否定意義的not應(yīng)移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前。如： I don't suppose he will come.我猜他不會來。 【注意】如果主句主語不是I或we，則not不前移。如： She thinks she can't arrive there on time.她認(rèn)為她不能按時到那兒。,【例7】 翻譯：我認(rèn)為明天不會下雨。 答案：I_don't_think_(that)_it_will_rain_tomorrow.,高頻考向五 賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化 ①當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide等時，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I hope that I can see you again. ＝I hope to see you again.我希望能再次見到你。 ②當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且謂語動詞是know，remember，forget，learn等時，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I don't know what I should say. ＝I don't know what to say.我不知道該說什么。,③當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是ask，tell，show，teach等，且賓語從句的主語和主句的間接賓語一致時，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”或“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Mr.Hu tells us that we shouldn't draw on the wall. ＝Mr.Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老師告訴我們不應(yīng)該在墻上畫畫。 Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps? ＝Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？請告訴我在哪兒能買到郵票？,④有些賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，常用動詞find，think，make。如： I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait. ＝I think it necessary for us to learn to wait. I find she is a good girl.＝I find her a good girl. ⑤由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語從句。如： We did what we could to help you. ＝We did everything (that) we could to help you. Robert saw what Mr.Smith did. ＝Robert saw everything (that) Mr.Smith did.,【例8】 將下列句子改為簡單句。 The teacher told the boy he shouldn't spend too much time playing games. 解析：主句的謂語動詞是tell，賓語從句的主語是主句的間接賓語，故從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：tell sb. not to do sth.。 答案：The_teacher_told_the_boy_not_to_spend_too_much_time_playing_games.,