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第24講 代詞和連詞,代 詞 【名題實(shí)戰(zhàn)】 1．I don't like __ __ watch.I like ________.(2015，天津) A．me；your B．my；your C．me；yours D．my；yours 2．We can't do it that way——but whether it will work is __ __ matter.(2015，安徽) A．other B．a(chǎn)nother C．each D．every,D,B,3．Our teacher was very happy because __ __ failed the examination.(2015，江西) A．somebody B．nobody C．a(chǎn)nybody D．everybody 4．All of us find __ __ necessary to take exercise every day.(2015，克拉瑪依) A．this B．that C．them D．it 5．Hurry up，kids！The school bus is coming.We have __ __ time left.(2015，廣州) A．few B．a(chǎn) few C．little D．a(chǎn) little,B,D,C,【考點(diǎn)梳理】 甘肅各地市英語(yǔ)中考中，代詞也是考查的重點(diǎn)之一?？忌獜囊韵聨追矫鎭?lái)進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)： 1．人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法； 2．it，one(s)，that，those等作替代詞的用法； 3．指示代詞，疑問(wèn)代詞，反身代詞的用法； 4．不定代詞的用法。尤其是all，both，either，neither，none，another，the other，some，others，the others等的用法。,高頻考向一 人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞 1．人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化；人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格用作主語(yǔ)，賓格用作賓語(yǔ)，這一考點(diǎn)成為了考查代詞的主要形式之一，并且越來(lái)越受到各地的歡迎。具體變化見(jiàn)下表：,注：①人稱代詞作并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)的排列順序： 單數(shù)形式：you and I；you，he and I； 復(fù)數(shù)形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。 但承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)總是第一人稱在前。 ②及物動(dòng)詞和介詞之后的人稱代詞要用賓格，尤其要注意并列賓語(yǔ)。,2．表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，有人稱和數(shù)之分。具體見(jiàn)下表：,形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)。名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如： My books are on the desk.Where is yours? 我的書在桌子上，你的書在哪里？,3．反身代詞是人稱代詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，一般用在賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人的情況下，或用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自怎樣。單數(shù)后加-self，復(fù)數(shù)后加-selves；不定代詞one也有反身代詞oneself。英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我們自己”，“你們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)。 具體變化見(jiàn)下表：,反身代詞的常見(jiàn)搭配： ①enjoy oneself玩得高興，過(guò)得愉快 ②hurt oneself傷著自己 ③teach oneself ＝ learn.by oneself自學(xué) ④(all) by oneself (完全)獨(dú)立地 ⑤help oneself to請(qǐng)自便，隨便吃…… ⑥look after oneself自理，照顧自己 ⑦leave one by oneself把……單獨(dú)留下 ⑧l(xiāng)ose oneself in陶醉于……，沉浸于……,【例1】 Uncle Tom will come to visit ________ next Saturday.(2015，濟(jì)寧) A．we B．us C．our D．ours 解析：動(dòng)詞visit后跟人稱代詞的賓格形式。 答案：__B__,【例2】 This is ________ school bag.________ is on the desk.(2014，賀州) A．your；Mine B．yours；Mine C．my；You D．your；My 解析：第一個(gè)空在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾后面的名詞school bag，故用形容詞性的物主代詞；第二個(gè)空在句中作主語(yǔ)，且后面不能接名詞，故應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞。 答案：__A__ 【例3】 Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by ________. A．I B．me C．my D．myself 解析：此題考查反身代詞的用法，根據(jù)句意得知“我自己自學(xué)”。 答案：__D__,高頻考點(diǎn)二 不定代詞 1．普通不定代詞的用法 ①some與any some和any均表示“一些”，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件句中。但在疑問(wèn)句中，當(dāng)表示說(shuō)話人希望得到肯定回答或表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、建議時(shí)應(yīng)用some。 ②many與much many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，還可以與表示程度的副詞so，too，as，how連用。much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以與表示程度的副詞so，too，as，how連用。,③either與neither either指兩個(gè)人或物中的一個(gè)；neither指兩個(gè)人或物中一個(gè)也不，常構(gòu)成固定搭配either/neither of＋名詞/代詞的復(fù)數(shù)＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(第三人稱單數(shù)形式)；當(dāng)either.or.和neither.nor.連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 ④both與all both表示“兩者都”，常與and連用；all指“三者或三者以上都”，常與of連用。,⑤each與every each和every都表示“每一個(gè)”。each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，當(dāng)它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體情況；修飾名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式。另外，each可指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，而every只可指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物。 ⑥(a) few與(a) little (a) few和(a) little具有名詞或形容詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。(a) few與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；(a) little與不可數(shù)名詞連用。few和little表示否定，指“幾乎沒(méi)有”，在反意疑問(wèn)句中尤其要注意；a few和a little指“有一些”，相當(dāng)于some。,⑦other，the other，others與another other作形容詞，意為“別的，其他的”，常用在單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞的前面；the other表示已知兩個(gè)人或事物中的另外一個(gè)，表示特指，常與one連用；others表示泛指，意為“其他的人或物”，常用于“some.，others.”結(jié)構(gòu)中；the others表示特指，意為“其他的人或物”；another表示三者或三者以上的另外一個(gè)。,2．復(fù)合不定代詞的用法 ①在反意疑問(wèn)句中，當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞，如everybody，nobody，anyone等時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)通常用代詞they；當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞，如everything，anything，something，nothing等時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)通常用代詞it。 ②當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something，everything，everyone等時(shí)，形容詞或else必須放在這些詞的后面。 ③everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，還可以和of連用。,【例4】 —Your tea smells great！(2013，蘇州) —It's from India.Would you like ________？ A．it B．this C．some D．little 解析：根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容可知，是向?qū)Ψ教峁┖鹊臇|西，并希望得到肯定回答。 答案：__C__,【例5】 —Would you like some more noodles，Celia? —Yes，just ________，please. A．a(chǎn) few B．few C．a(chǎn) little D．little 解析：few和a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞，little和a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)noodles可判斷修飾的是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句意“還要一點(diǎn)”，表示肯定意義。 答案：__A__,【例6】—What would you like，tea or coffee? —________，thanks.I just prefer a glass of water.(2015，福州) A．Both B．Neither C．Either 解析：根據(jù)句意得知“茶與咖啡都不要”，表示兩者都不要。 答案：__B__ 【例7】 My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful with tree and flowers on ________ sides of the road.(2015，泰安) A．a(chǎn)ll B．both C．neither D．either 解析：根據(jù)句意在馬路兩邊，sides表示復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：__B__,【例8】There is ________ wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.(2015，長(zhǎng)沙) A．a(chǎn)nything B．something C．nothing 解析：anything一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句，故排除A；根據(jù)It hurts seriouly.得知背部疼痛有疾病。 答案：__B__ 【例9】—Is New Zealand a big country? —No，New Zealand only has two islands.One is North Island，________ is South Island. A．other B．the other C．a(chǎn)nother D．others 解析：表示兩者中的另外一個(gè)，常用one.，the other.結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案：__B__,高頻考點(diǎn)三 指示代詞 指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。 ①this和these一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指在時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。 ②有時(shí)that和those指前面提到過(guò)的事物，this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。如： I had a cold.That's why I didn't come. ③有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替。如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. ④this在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that則代表對(duì)方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?,【例9】 —Hello，is that Betty speaking? —Yes.________.(2016，原創(chuàng)) A．This is Betty B．I'm Betty C．You are Betty D．That's Betty 解析：電話用語(yǔ)中用this is.表達(dá)“我是……”。 答案：__A__,高頻考點(diǎn)四 疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞 疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問(wèn)代詞用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。如： Who is going to come here tomorrow？(作主語(yǔ)) What is that？(作表語(yǔ)) Whose umbrella is this？(作定語(yǔ)) Whom are you waiting for？(作賓語(yǔ)),疑問(wèn)代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別： ①疑問(wèn)代詞通常位于句首，引出特殊疑問(wèn)句。 ②關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句或定語(yǔ)從句。what不能用在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞，但that可用在定語(yǔ)從句中作關(guān)系代詞。賓語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞與疑問(wèn)代詞一致。 ③無(wú)論是疑問(wèn)代詞還是關(guān)系代詞，which和what所指范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無(wú)限的，而which則指在一定范圍內(nèi)。如： Which books do you like best？你最喜歡哪幾本書？ What books do you like best？你最喜歡什么樣的書？,④whom是who的賓格，在口語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可用who代替，但在介詞后只能用whom。如： Who(m) did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到誰(shuí)了？ For whom are you waiting？你在等誰(shuí)？,【例11】—________ father took part in the charity activity in the neighborhood yesterday? —Peter's.(2015，上海) A．Whose B．What C．Which D．Who 解析：詢問(wèn)某人的。 答案：__A__,【例12】 —________ did you work out the problem in such a short time？(2015，重慶) —With Mr.Li's help. A．When B．Where C．How D．Which 解析：根據(jù)句意得知詢問(wèn)怎樣在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)算出這道題，提問(wèn)的是方式。 答案：__C__,一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1．I always believe that __ __ is difficult if we try our best to do it.(2015，重慶B卷) A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．everything D．nothing 2．My mother used to make breakfast for __ __ every morning，but now I do it myself.(2015，重慶A/C卷) A．mine B．my C．I D．me,D,D,3．The dog __ __ played with you just now is ________. A．which；mine B．which；my C．what；mine D．what；my 4．There are enough cups for each visitor to have __ __． A．one B．it C．this D．that 5．Here are some __ __．Do you like ________？(2015，安順) A．oranges；them B．orange；it C．oranges；they D．oranges；their,A,A,A,二、根據(jù)句意及漢語(yǔ)提示填寫單詞。 6．Lucy often learns French by ________(自己) after school. 7．Although ________(兩者都不) of her parents had gone to college，she was really good at studying. 8．May I use your mobile phone？______ (我的) is at home. 9．This shirt doesn't fit me well.Can you show me ________(另一個(gè)) one? 10．—For ______(什么) are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition，Amy? —To learn about different styles of school uniform.,herself,neither,Mine,another,what,【名題實(shí)戰(zhàn)】 1．—Excuse me，may I come in? —Not yet.Please wait on your chair __ __ your name is called.(2015，呼和浩特) A．a(chǎn)nd B．until C．a(chǎn)fter D．since 2．Practice more，__ __ you'll learn English better.(2015，濟(jì)寧) A．or B．so C．a(chǎn)nd D．but 3．He hasn't got any hobbies，__ __ you call watching TV a hobby.(2015，蘇州) A．while B．unless C．a(chǎn)s D．if,B,C,B,4．There will be less pollution __ __ more people use public transportation.(2015，江西) A．but B．though C．unless D．if 5．She still failed in the exam，__ __ she tried her best.(2015，克拉瑪依) A．though B．because C．if D．or,D,A,【考點(diǎn)梳理】 甘肅各地市英語(yǔ)中考對(duì)連詞的考查內(nèi)容主要是連詞的基本用法和一些常見(jiàn)近義連詞的辨析，大多數(shù)情況下是將連詞放在并列句和復(fù)合句中。此類題目難度較低，同學(xué)們只需記住相應(yīng)的連詞并略加分析即可得出正確答案。,高頻考點(diǎn)一 并列連詞 1．表示平行或承接關(guān)系的：and，both.and.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，as well as等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的：but，yet，while，however等；表示選擇關(guān)系的：or，either.or.，not.but.；表示因果關(guān)系的：for，so等。 2．both.and.連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；neither.nor.，not only.but also.，either.or.連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”；as well as連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。so與because，but與although/though不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中，二者只能選其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或選擇疑問(wèn)句中。,【例1】 Going to the movies is good，________ I really only like listening to music.(2015，安徽) A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．so D．or 解析：根據(jù)句意得知“看電影很好，但是我只喜歡聽(tīng)音樂(lè)?！北磙D(zhuǎn)折。 答案：__B__ 【例2】You'd better take care，________ you will hurt your eyes.(2015，重慶A/C卷) A．so B．but C．or D．a(chǎn)nd 解析：由語(yǔ)境可知句意為“你最好小心，否則你會(huì)傷到自己的眼睛?！?答案：__C__,【例3】—How do you like the two pairs of shorts? —They didn't fit me well.They are ________ too long ________ too short.(2014，濱州) A．not only；but also B．both；and C．neither；nor D．either；or 解析：由答句前半句推知后半句句意為“他們不是太長(zhǎng)就是太短”。not only.but also不但……而且……；both.and.兩者都；neither.nor.既不……也不……；either.or.不是……就是……。 答案：__D__,高頻考點(diǎn)二 從屬連詞 從屬連詞是指用于連接各種從句的連詞。 1．引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)的從屬連詞有that，whether，if (是否)，as if；連接代詞有who，whom，whose，which，what等；連接副詞有when，where，how，why等。,2．引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞 ①引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：when，while，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等。 特別提示：while與as只能和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用；若as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 ②引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有so，so that，in order that，in case等。 ③引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：because，as，for，since等。,④引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：so.that，such.that等，so修飾形容詞或副詞。such修飾名詞，當(dāng)名詞前面有many，much，few或little修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)用so。 ⑤引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：although，though，however(＝no matter how)，even if/though等。 ⑥引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：as，than，as.as，not so/as.as等。 ⑦引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：if，unless，as/so long as等。 ⑧引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：where，wherever。,高頻考點(diǎn)二 序數(shù)詞 1．序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 ①序數(shù)詞多數(shù)是由“基數(shù)詞＋th”構(gòu)成。如：six→sixth，seven→seventh等。 ②以y結(jié)尾的整十的數(shù)詞，先將y改為i，再加-eth。如：fifty→fiftieth，seventy→seventieth等。 ③21以上的非整十的數(shù)詞，將末位數(shù)(即個(gè)位數(shù))改為序數(shù)詞，其他的位數(shù)仍用基數(shù)詞。如： twenty-one→twenty-first，thirty-two→thirty-second，two hundred and ninety-eight→two hundred and ninety-eighth等。,【例4】Some people won't realize the importance of their health ________ they have lost it.(2015，自貢) A．when B．until C．a(chǎn)fter 解析：由句意可知：很多人直到失去健康才知道它的重要性。 答案：__B__ 【例5】Learning to write is learning to think.You will know things more clearly ________ you write them down.(2015，武威) A．or B．unless C．if D．whether 解析：根據(jù)句意：如果你把它們寫下來(lái)，你就會(huì)了解得更清楚。 答案：__C__,【例6】 —May I go to the movies with you? —I'm afraid not ________ you have a ticket.Because I have only one.(2014，益陽(yáng)) A．if B．unless C．though 解析：由答語(yǔ)后半句“我只有一張票”可推知前句應(yīng)為“我恐怕你不能，除非你有一張票?！眎f“如果”；unless“除非”；though“盡管；雖然”。 答案：__B__,【例7】Her grandfather lives a simple life ________ he has much money.(2014，孝感) A．because B．so C．though D．if 解析：由前半句“他的爺爺過(guò)著簡(jiǎn)樸的生活”和后半句“他有很多錢”可知，前后在語(yǔ)意上存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)用though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 答案：__C__ 【例8】Miss Lin has taught us English ________ we came to this school.(2015，重慶B卷) A．for B．since C．before D．when 解析：根據(jù)句意：自從她來(lái)這所學(xué)校就一直教我們英語(yǔ)。 答案：__B__,一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1．Julie didn't leave her office __ __ the police arrived.(2015，重慶A/C卷) A．however B．whenever C．while D．until 2．Betty hasn't got any hobbies __ __ you call sleeping a hobby. A．when B．because C．before D．unless 3．—Did you catch the first subway this morning? —No，I didn't.It had started moving __ __ I could get on it.(2015，襄陽(yáng)) A．before B．since C．a(chǎn)fter D．a(chǎn)s soon as,D,D,A,4．Mr.Smith has a habit of taking a shower __ __ he has breakfast.(2015，溫州) A．though B．before C．because D．since 5．I think you should complain，__ __，of course，you are happy with the situation.(2015，無(wú)錫) A．unless B．however C．until D．though 6．We didn't enjoy the day __ __ the weather was so bad.(2015，杭州) A．because B．though C．unless D．till 7．__ __ my cousin is very young，________ she can help with the housework.(2015，福州) A．Once；不填 B．Though；but C．Although；不填,B,A,A,C,8．__ __ the dinner was all over，everyone helped wash the dishes.(2015，天津) A．How B．When C．Before D．Why 9．Rose，you are so thin.You should eat more，__ __ you'll make yourself ill.(2015，安順) A．or B．if C．a(chǎn)nd D．but 10．Be careful，__ __you'll make fewer mistakes in the exam.(2015，三亞) A．or B．but C．a(chǎn)nd D．so,B,A,C,二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞(含縮略形式)。 11．If you are not quick，you will be late for school. Be quick，____ you will be late for school. 12．If he studies hard，he will pass the exam. ______ he studies hard，he will not pass the exam. 13．Mr. Wang does well in English.He does well in French，too. Mr.Wang does well in _____ English _____ French. 14．It was such a hot day that we went swimming. It was _______ that we went swimming. 15．I went to bed after I finished washing the clothes. I ______ go to bed ___________ I finished washing the clothes.,or,Unless,both,and,so hot,didn't,before/until,