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1、綿陽專版 PART TWO第二篇 語法突破篇語法專題（十） 非謂語動詞 【中考考點】(1)動詞不定式的用法。(2)動名詞的用法。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法。 不定式有兩種,即帶to的不定式(to+動詞原形)和不帶to的不定式。考點一動詞不定式【注意】 動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“not to do sth.”。1.作主語常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語(動詞不定式)置于句末。常用句型結(jié)構(gòu):Its+adj./n.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.To ask the teacher for help is necessary. =It is necessary

2、 to ask the teacher for help.向老師尋求幫助是必要的。 2.作賓語(1)后接不定式作賓語的動詞(短語)有 want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, refuse, learn, remember, forget, would like/love等。I hope there before dark. 我希望天黑之前到那兒。(2)在think, find, make等動詞后通常用it作形式賓語,而將不定式后置,構(gòu)成“主語+謂語+it(形式賓語)+賓語補足語(形容詞/名詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。I found it difficul

3、t to solve the problem. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個問題很難。to get 3.作賓語補足語(1)后面能接帶to的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞(短語)有 tell, ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, would like, encourage等。The teacher told us Exercise 1. 老師告訴我們做練習(xí)一。(2)使役動詞let, make, have和感官動詞see, hear, watch, notice, feel等后要用不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。但是,當(dāng)上述動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,作補語

4、的不定式必須補上to。We often hear her sing. 我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱歌。被動語態(tài): She is often heard to sing.to do 4.作狀語動詞不定式在句中常作目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語等。Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生將去杭州參觀西湖。(作目的狀語) 5.作定語動詞不定式作定語時,放在被修飾的名詞的后面,作后置定語。若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞是不及物動詞,且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關(guān)系,則不定式后面要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。I dont have a partner to practice

5、 English with.我沒有一個一起練習(xí)英語的同伴。I had to find a place to live in.我不得不找一個住的地方。6.作表語Their duty is the animals. 他們的職責(zé)是照看動物。to look after/take care of 7. “疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑問詞連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。He doesnt know to attend the wedding. .他不知道要穿什么去參加婚禮。(作賓語)what to wea

6、考點二動名詞動名詞一般由“動詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成,但有不規(guī)則形式。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì),也有名詞的性質(zhì)。1.作主語動名詞作主語和動詞不定式作主語,在很多情況下可以通用。Playing/To play computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 過度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻Α?2.作賓語常接動名詞作賓語的動詞（短語）有 enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practise, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant help, avoid, be us

7、ed to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, cant stop, keep/stop/preventfrom, look forward to, put off, have fun等。Have you finished the book? 你讀完這本書了嗎? reading 4.作定語表示所修飾詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。I often go to the . 我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。 reading room3.作表語The nurses job is the patients. 護士的工作是照顧病人。looking afte

8、r/taking care of 【注意】 有些動詞(短語)后既可接不定式又可接動名詞, 但表達的意義不同。(1)stop to do sth.停下來去做另外一件事stop doing sth.停止做某事(2)try to do sth. 試圖/企圖做某事;盡力做某事 try doing sth.嘗試著做某事(3)forget to do sth.忘記要做某事(還沒做)forget doing sth.忘記做過某事(已做)(4)remember to do sth.記著要做某事(還沒做)remember doing sth.記得做過某事(已做) (5)go on to do sth.做完一件事

9、后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做原來所做的事(6)sth. need(s) doing某事需要做(被動含義)need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主動含義)(7)regret to do sth.對要做的事感到遺憾(未做)regret doing sth. 對做過的事感到遺憾、后悔(已做) 考點三分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)有主動或進行之意;過去分詞(v.-ed)有被動或完成之意。1.作定語Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你認識站在樹下面的那個女孩嗎?I know t

10、he boy called Li Ming. 我認識那個叫李明的男孩。2.作表語The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 這本書很有趣,我對它感興趣。3.作賓語補足語I saw her going upstairs.我看見她正在上樓。 I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍幾張照片。 4.作狀語Laughing and talking, they went into the room.他們有說有笑地走進了房間。5.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別the flying kite 飛著的風(fēng)箏the moved peopl

11、e 被感動的人們(2)在時間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作,過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。 the boiling water 正在沸騰的水the boiled water 白開水 6.易混結(jié)構(gòu) (1)在“make+賓語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。I tried to speak more clearly so that I could make myself understood.我盡量說清楚些,以便讓別人明白我。(2)have sth. done 意為“讓某人做某事”,相當(dāng)于ask sb. to do sth., done 表示讓他人完成,有被動之意。I had

12、my computer repaired yesterday. 昨天我讓人修理了我的電腦。 考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Well do what we can (help) the sick man. 2.In some African countries, children are made (do) heavy work.3.Please stop (smoke). Its bad for your health. 4.Why did his father buy that phone watch for him? Because the GPS in the watch

13、 can help him to avoid (lose) the way. 5.She didnt know which sweater (choose). 6.Its dangerous for people (answer) their phones while driving a car. 7. (spread) Chinese culture, many college students go to foreign countries every year. 8.Parents should tell their children (not eat) unhealthy food.

14、to help to dosmoking losingto chooseto answerTo spread not to eat 考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練9.As we all know, its impolite to keep others (wait) for a long time.10.My computer doesnt work. I must have it (repair). 11.Id like you (share) your ideas about pollution. 12.Many teenagers would rather (stay) at home alone tha

15、n go out with their parents at weekends. 13.Many countries in the world are looking forward to (trade) with China. 14.She raised her voice to make herself (hear). 15.My favorite TV program is Readers. I think we should spend as much time as we can (read) in our spare time. waitingrepairedto share stay tradingheardreading