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語(yǔ)法精講精煉,第六講 形容詞和副詞,廣州中考高分突破,,考點(diǎn).形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí) 1.形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成 (1)單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)律: ①一般單詞都是在詞尾加er,est構(gòu)成。如:great(greater,greatest),hard(harder,hardest),cheap(cheaper,cheapest)等。 ②如果單詞以字母e結(jié)尾(e不發(fā)音),直接加上r,st。如:wide(wider,widest),large(larger,largest)等。 ③以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞,需雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔音字母,再加er,est。,,如:hot(hotter,hottest),big(bigger,biggest)等。這個(gè)變化規(guī)則與現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的拼寫(xiě)規(guī)則一樣。 ④以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞要變y為i,再加er,est。如:early(earlier,earliest),happy(happier,happiest)等。 ⑤少數(shù)以er結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞,其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)也是加er,est。如:clever(cleverer,cleverest)。,,(2)多音節(jié)形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)律: 多音節(jié)形容詞一般要在形容詞前加more或most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)形式。如:more interesting(更有趣的),the most dangerous(最危險(xiǎn)的)等。如:Today’s meeting is the most important of all.今天的會(huì)議最為重要。 (3)不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí): 常見(jiàn)的不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)形式有g(shù)ood,well,bad,ill,many,little,few,far,old這幾個(gè)單詞。不規(guī)則變化的形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式的變化規(guī)律歸納如下:,,,(4)不規(guī)則副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí): clearly—more clearly—most clearly (以形容詞+ly結(jié)尾的副詞,都加more,most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)) late—later—latest well—better—best badly(壞)—worse—worst much(多)—more—most little(少)—less—least far(遠(yuǎn))—farther(更遠(yuǎn)地)—farthest(最遠(yuǎn)) far(遠(yuǎn))—further(更遠(yuǎn)地)—furthest(最遠(yuǎn)),,比較級(jí)要變化,一般詞尾加er。 詞尾若有啞音e,直接加r就可以。 一輔重讀閉音節(jié),輔音字母要雙寫(xiě)。 輔音字母加y,要把y改i。 最高級(jí)加est,前面加the莫忘記。 形容詞若是多音節(jié),只把more,most前面寫(xiě)。,比較等級(jí)變化口訣,,寫(xiě)出下列詞語(yǔ)的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式。 1.long __________ __________ 2.slow __________ _________ 3.nice __________ __________ 4.late __________ __________ 5.big __________ __________ 6.hot __________ __________ 7.fat __________ __________ 8.thin __________ __________,鞏固練習(xí),longer,longest,slower,nicer,later,bigger,hotter,fatter,thinner,slowest,nicest,latest,biggest,hottest,fattest,thinnest,,9.easy __________ __________ 10.happy __________ __________ 11.careful ____________________ _____________________ 12.Interesting _____________________ _____________________ 13.good，well __________ __________ 14.bad,ill,badly __________ __________ 15.many，much __________ __________ 16.Little __________ __________ 17.Far __________ __________,easier,easiest,happier,more careful,more interesting,worse,more,less,farther (further),happiest,the most careful,the most interesting,worst,most,least,farthest (furthest),better,best,,2.形容詞、副詞原級(jí)的用法 (1)“A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+as+原級(jí)+as+B”表示A、B兩者程度相同。如: Jim is running as fast as Bruce.They are neck and neck.吉姆和布魯斯跑得一樣快。他們旗鼓相當(dāng)。 (2)“A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式+as/so+原級(jí)+as+B”表示“A不如B……”。如: Luckily,the weather is not so(as) bad as yesterday. 幸好天氣沒(méi)有昨天那樣糟。,,3.形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的用法 比較級(jí)表示兩者之間的比較,常用的有如下的結(jié)構(gòu): (1)“A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+比較級(jí)+than+B”表示“A比B……”。如: He runs much faster than Tom. 他比湯姆要跑得快得多。 在比較級(jí)前用much,even,still等詞修飾,表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如: He did his homework much more carefully than her.他做家庭作業(yè)要比她仔細(xì)得多。,,(2)“A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+比較級(jí)+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語(yǔ))”,或者“A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+比較級(jí)+than+the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)(+介詞短語(yǔ))”表示“A比任何人或物都……”,有“A是最……”的意思。如: Chongqing is larger than any other city in Sichuan.=Chongqing is larger than the other cities in Sichuan.重慶比四川的任何城市都大。 (3)“A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+the+比較級(jí)+of the two+.”句型,表示“兩者中較……的”。如: He is the more careful of the two engineers.他是兩名工程師中較細(xì)心的一個(gè)。,,(4) “比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”。如: Winter is coming and the days are getting colder and colder.冬天要到了,天變得越來(lái)越冷了。 (5)“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”,表示“越……就越……”。如: The harder you work,the better grades you will get.你學(xué)習(xí)越努力,成績(jī)就越好。 (6)“A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+less+原級(jí)+than+B”表示“A不如B……”。如: I think pop music is less beautiful than classic music.我認(rèn)為流行音樂(lè)沒(méi)有古典音樂(lè)那么好聽(tīng)。,,How many times have you noticed(注意)one or two passengers who are acting a bit _____ during a flight? They could be suffering from(遭受折磨)a fear(害怕) of flying.If you are afraid ____ flying,here is some advice I would like to share______ you. Don’t try to hide your fear.Tell the flight attendant or the passengers ______ you when you sit down.______ people might offer you some help.,語(yǔ)法選擇(代詞、介詞、形容詞和副詞),1,2,3,4,5,,Ask ______ a seat at the very front of the plane.You can feel the plane’s movement less than at the back of the plane.Take the most direct flight and the______ plane if you can. Keep busy.Watch the film______ it’s bad or you have seen it already.Read a book or do a crossword puzzle. There are many kinds of classes for ______ are afraid to fly.They used to be quite expensive,but now with cheaper fares(費(fèi)用),these classes are more affordable now.Listen to peaceful and relaxing music.,6,7,8,9,,Finally,remember that ______ is more dangerous to cross the road than to fly in the air! ( )1.A.strange B.stranger C.strangely D.more strangely ( )2.A.in B.with C.at D.of ( )3.A.with B.in C.to D.at ( )4.A.around B.beside C.before D.after,A,D,A,A,10,,( )5.A.Other B.The other C.Others D.The others ( )6.A.for B.with C.on D.at ( )7.A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.smallest ( )8.A.even if B.if C.so D.so that ( )9.A.these B.those C.this D.that ( )10.A.which B.what C.it D.that,A,A,C,A,B,C,