橋式裝卸料機(jī)主梁及小車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),橋式裝卸料機(jī)主梁及小車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),裝卸,機(jī)主,小車,驅(qū)動(dòng),系統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì) 邵陽學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書 專業(yè)班級(jí) 2002級(jí)機(jī)制本科 學(xué)生姓名 羅 斌 學(xué) 號(hào) 0241118090 課題名稱 橋式裝卸料機(jī)主梁及小車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 起止時(shí)間 2006 年 02 月 21 日至 2006 年 06 月 10 日 課題類型 工程設(shè)計(jì) 課題性質(zhì) 真實(shí) 一、 課題研究的目的與主要內(nèi)容 目的：橋式裝卸料機(jī)是由跨越在建筑物兩邊墻上的高架軌道中行走的橋架（大車）和設(shè)置在橋架上能行走的運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)（小車）構(gòu)成，主要用于礦業(yè)搬移重物。在此我們擬定橋式裝卸料機(jī)的方案，它將用于解決我國(guó)在礦山開采特別是礦堆的堆放及堆浸冶煉工程方面的技術(shù)難題。該裝卸料機(jī)具有世界先進(jìn)水平，它的應(yīng)用將大大改觀我國(guó)礦山開采效率低下的現(xiàn)狀。 主要內(nèi)容：根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)課題的要求及相關(guān)參數(shù)，運(yùn)用機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的基本方法進(jìn)行橋式裝卸料機(jī)主梁的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算； 根據(jù)裝卸機(jī)總裝配圖的要求，合理的設(shè)計(jì)出橋式裝卸料機(jī)小車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，滿足裝卸機(jī)的工作要求。 二、 基本要求 1、 設(shè)計(jì)原理正確、所用參數(shù)合理。 2、 設(shè)計(jì)圖樣必須完整、正確、清晰。 3、 設(shè)計(jì)說明書要求：摘要用中英文寫成，計(jì)算公式正確、所有數(shù)據(jù)合理。計(jì)算和校正正確，全文2萬字以上。 4、完成一篇與本課題有關(guān)的英文論文3000字~5000字的翻譯。 注：1、此表由指導(dǎo)教師填寫，經(jīng)各系、教研室主任審批生效； 2、此表1式3份，學(xué)生、指導(dǎo)教師、教研室各1份。 三、課題研究已具備的條件（包括實(shí)驗(yàn)室、主要儀器設(shè)備、參考資料） 通過大學(xué)四年的學(xué)習(xí)，本人已經(jīng)掌握了基本的專業(yè)知識(shí)，對(duì)機(jī)械領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)學(xué)科有一定的了解，具有了較扎實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。學(xué)院有較完善的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備和實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)地，學(xué)院圖書館收藏了許多有關(guān)專業(yè)方面的知識(shí)書籍和周刊?，F(xiàn)具有的一些參考資料如： 《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》，成大先主編，化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2004 《互換性與技術(shù)測(cè)量》，謝鐵邦，李柱，席宏卓主編，華中科技大學(xué)出版社，1998 《起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》，北京鋼鐵學(xué)院，陳道南、盛漢中主編，冶金工業(yè)出版社，1986 四、設(shè)計(jì)（論文）進(jìn)度表 1、2006年3月02日~3月22日 進(jìn)行方案論證，查閱相關(guān)資料； 2、2006年3月23日~5月10日 對(duì)整機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)，完成卸料機(jī)的總圖設(shè)計(jì)； 3、2006年3月30日~5月03日 完成裝卸料機(jī)的運(yùn)行小車機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)； 4、2006年4月12日~5月25日 編寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書； 5、2006年5月25日~6月10日 校對(duì)、總結(jié)、準(zhǔn)備答辯； 五、教研室審批意見 教研室主任（簽名） 年 月 日 六、院（系）審批意見 院（系）負(fù)責(zé)人（簽名） 單位（公章） 年 月 日 指導(dǎo)教師（簽名） 學(xué)生（簽名） 邵 陽 學(xué) 院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 課 題 名 稱 橋式裝卸料機(jī)主梁及小車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 生 姓 名 羅 斌 學(xué) 號(hào) 0241118090 院(系)、專業(yè) 機(jī)械與能源工程系 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 陳 志 剛 職 稱 講 師 2006年 6 月 1 日 內(nèi)容提要 物料搬運(yùn)機(jī)械主要是在企業(yè) ( 包括碼頭、料場(chǎng)、礦山和商業(yè)貨倉(cāng)等 ) 內(nèi)部進(jìn)行物料裝卸、運(yùn)輸、升降、堆垛和儲(chǔ)存的機(jī)械設(shè)備。一般包括起重機(jī)械、輸送機(jī)、裝卸機(jī)械、搬運(yùn)車輛和倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)設(shè)備等；習(xí)慣上不包括汽車、鐵路車輛、飛機(jī)和船舶等交通運(yùn)輸工具，以及輸送氣體和液體的管道。 物料搬運(yùn)機(jī)械按功能大致可分為起重機(jī)械、輸送機(jī)、裝卸機(jī)械、搬運(yùn)車輛和倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)設(shè)備等五類。一般說來，起重機(jī)械用于升降和搬運(yùn)，但搬運(yùn)距離較短，它的機(jī)構(gòu)作間歇式運(yùn)動(dòng) ；輸送機(jī)可連續(xù)輸送物料，搬運(yùn)路線一般固定不變，大多用來輸送散狀物料；裝卸機(jī)械能自行取物并裝卸物料。搬運(yùn)車輛可靈活安排搬運(yùn)路線，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)輸距離較長(zhǎng)，可在室內(nèi)或室外作業(yè)，具有行駛車輪 ；倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)設(shè)備是在倉(cāng)庫(kù)中完成堆、取、儲(chǔ)存物料的裝置，包括料倉(cāng)裝置、高架倉(cāng)庫(kù)和給料機(jī)等。隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展，許多機(jī)械具有多種功能和用途，例如叉車是搬運(yùn)車輛，可用以裝卸，也可起升重物。 本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)橋式裝卸料機(jī)就是一種在生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域可以廣泛應(yīng)用的物料搬運(yùn)機(jī)械。經(jīng)過四個(gè)多月的努力，終于在指導(dǎo)老師悉心指導(dǎo)下完成了本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。本次設(shè)計(jì)我主要針對(duì)該機(jī)械的主梁和小車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。主梁已經(jīng)是個(gè)成熟的技術(shù)項(xiàng)目了，根據(jù)不同情況進(jìn)行不同的選擇，按已有的設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。小車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)在參考了傳統(tǒng)的方案后，進(jìn)行了新舊方案的對(duì)比分析。最后，對(duì)小車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了革新。使它的傳動(dòng)效率和安全性都有了提高，而且制造難度和傳統(tǒng)方案差別不大，實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)和效益的雙豐收。 The Bridge Type loading and unloading machine main beam and the car drive system design Summary The material transporting machinery mainly is in the enterprise (including wharf, materials yard, mine and commercial goods warehouse and so on) the interior carries on material loading and unloading, the transportation, the fluctuation, piles up with the storage mechanical device. Includes the hoisting machinery, the conveyer generally, loads and unloads the machinery, transports the vehicles and stores in a storehouse the equipment and so on; In custom not including transportation tool and so on automobile, railroad car, airplane and ships, as well as transportation gas and liquid pipeline. The material transporting machinery may divide into the hoisting machinery, the conveyer approximately according to the function, loads and unloads the machinery, transports the vehicles and stores in a storehouse the equipment and so on five kinds. In general, the hoisting machinery uses in rising and falling and the transporting, but transports is away from short, its organization makes the intermittent type movement; The conveyer may the streamhandling material, general transport the route fixed to be invariable, mostly uses for to transport disperses the shape material; The loading and unloading mechanical energy takes the thing and the loading and unloading material voluntarily. Transports the vehicles to be possible nimbly to arrange the transporting route, the economical transportation to be away from long, may in the room or outdoor work, has the travel wheel; Stores in a storehouse the equipment is piles to in heaps, takes, the storage material installment in the warehouse, including the bunker installment, the high structure warehouse and gives the material machine and so on. Along with the industry development, many machineries have the many kinds of functions and the use, for example the forklift transports the vehicles, may use by to load and unload, also may lift the heavy item. This graduation design bridge type installs the unloading device is one kind in the realm of production may the widespread application material transporting machinery. After more than four months endeavors, finally in instructed teacher under the devotedly instruction to complete this graduation project. This time designs me mainly to aim at this machinery the king post and the car actuates the system to carry on the design. The king post already was the mature technical project, carries on the different choice according to the different situation, according to the design criterion which has has carried on the design. The car actuated the system after to refer to the traditional plan, has carried on the new old plan contrast analysis. Finally, actuated the system to the car to carry on the innovation. Caused its transmission efficiency and the security all had the enhancement, moreover the manufacture difficulty and the traditional plan difference was not big, has realized the economical and the benefit double abundant harvest. 目 錄 內(nèi)容提要 Summary 前言………………………………………………………………………...1 1 總體設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………..….2 2 主梁的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………..……….3 2.1 主梁的結(jié)構(gòu)選擇…………………………………………………..…..3 2.2 主梁的幾何尺寸的確定………………………………….………….3 2.3 載荷計(jì)算…………………………………………………………..…..4 2.4 載荷組合…………………………………………………………..…..6 2.5 強(qiáng)度計(jì)算………………………………………………………..……..7 3 小車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………..…..17 3.1 確定方案……………………………………………………………...17 3.2 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇……………………………………………..……….....17 3.3 減速器的選用………………………………………………………...22 3.4 聯(lián)軸器的選用……………………………………..……………..…...24 3.5 齒輪的校核……………………………………………………....…...27 3.6 軸承的選用…………………………………………………………...33 總結(jié)………………………………………………………………………..35 參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………. 36 致謝………………………………………………………………………..37 文獻(xiàn)翻譯 附圖 邵 陽 學(xué) 院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告書 課題名稱橋式裝卸料機(jī)的主梁和小車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)生姓名 羅 斌 學(xué) 號(hào) 0241118090 院（系）、專業(yè) 2002級(jí)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè) 指導(dǎo)教師 陳 志 剛 2006年 02 月 26 日 一、課題的來源、目的意義（包括應(yīng)用前景）、國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀及水平 在日常生活中，我們會(huì)經(jīng)常使用一些簡(jiǎn)易輕小的物料搬運(yùn)機(jī)械，如各種手推車等。人類最初靠手搬、背負(fù)、肩挑來搬運(yùn)物料，以后逐漸利用畜力，并創(chuàng)造了杠桿、轆轤、滑輪和手推車等簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械。 隨著科學(xué)和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，裝卸料機(jī)作為一種物料搬運(yùn)機(jī)械，它的應(yīng)用在生產(chǎn)中有著重要的意義。這主要因?yàn)槲锪习徇\(yùn)的量十分巨大，有些鋼鐵聯(lián)合企業(yè)，每生產(chǎn)一噸鋼材，需要搬運(yùn)的原材料、燃料、半成品、成品和廢料等的總量常達(dá)50噸以上；另外物料搬運(yùn)所需的費(fèi)用高，工業(yè)國(guó)家用于物料搬運(yùn)的費(fèi)用常占產(chǎn)品成本的25％左右；物料搬運(yùn)占用勞動(dòng)力多，在機(jī)械化程度不高的企業(yè)里，搬運(yùn)工人常占工人總數(shù)的15％以上；在人力搬運(yùn)不能承擔(dān)的重物和在高溫或有放射性物質(zhì)的區(qū)域作業(yè)時(shí)，必須利用機(jī)械進(jìn)行搬運(yùn)。因此，在生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)對(duì)物料搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)給予足夠的重視，并盡量采用先進(jìn)適用的物料搬運(yùn)機(jī)械，以減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、減少產(chǎn)品損傷、保護(hù)工人健康、提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、降低生產(chǎn)成本。 進(jìn)入八十年代以來，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展，一大批港口、電廠相繼建成并投入使用。許多國(guó)家重點(diǎn)工程引進(jìn)了國(guó)外的先進(jìn)技術(shù)和設(shè)備。相繼建成秦皇島港、日照港，青島前灣港、連云港、寧波港、天津港、黃驊港、廣州新沙港、廣州西基港、湛江港、上海港、寶鋼等大型散裝物料裝卸港口。這些散貨港口的主要裝卸貨物為煤炭或鐵礦石。大量的老電廠已不再使用推土機(jī)、裝卸橋、叉車等低效率的輸送設(shè)備，新建電廠已全部采用高效連續(xù)運(yùn)輸設(shè)備。國(guó)內(nèi)用戶采用進(jìn)口及合作制造等多種方式使用國(guó)外先進(jìn)設(shè)備。國(guó)產(chǎn)部分設(shè)備還出口到其他國(guó)家。散料機(jī)械設(shè)備有了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。 橋式裝卸料機(jī)是由跨越在建筑物兩邊墻上的高架軌道中行走的橋架（大車）和設(shè)置在橋架上能行走的運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)（小車）構(gòu)成，主要用于礦業(yè)搬移重物。在此我們擬定設(shè)計(jì)并開發(fā)QYZ-12000型橋式裝卸料機(jī)的方案，它將用于解決我國(guó)在礦山開采特別是礦堆的堆放及堆浸冶煉工程方面的技術(shù)難題。該裝卸料機(jī)具有世界先進(jìn)水平，它的應(yīng)用將大大改觀我國(guó)礦山開采效率低下的現(xiàn)狀。 二、課題研究的主要內(nèi)容、研究方法或工程技術(shù)方案和準(zhǔn)備采取的措施 研究?jī)?nèi)容： 1）整體機(jī)電系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)計(jì)算 2）重要零部件選型設(shè)計(jì) 3）重要零部件的強(qiáng)度校核與優(yōu)化 4）總裝圖與零件圖的計(jì)算和繪制 研究方法和步驟: 根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求選定的參數(shù)，依照機(jī)械的結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸，進(jìn)行計(jì)算及較核，繪制裝配總圖、移動(dòng)卸料機(jī)的運(yùn)行小車機(jī)構(gòu)以及電器系統(tǒng)的電路繪制。 查閱國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)資料 技術(shù)方案路線 ↓ 根據(jù)參數(shù)確定設(shè)計(jì)方案 ↓ 重要零部件的選型設(shè)計(jì)包括端梁、主梁、運(yùn)行小車、卸料機(jī)構(gòu)的確定 ↓ 整個(gè)電器系統(tǒng)的電路繪制、各機(jī)構(gòu)的圖紙繪制以及整機(jī)總裝圖的繪制 ↓ 資料文件的整理編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書 三、現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)和具備的條件 通過大學(xué)四年的學(xué)習(xí)，本人已經(jīng)掌握了基本的專業(yè)知識(shí)，對(duì)機(jī)械領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)學(xué)科有一定的了解，具有了較扎實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。通過各種實(shí)習(xí)和專業(yè)課程的課程設(shè)計(jì)，積累了一定的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，已有能力進(jìn)行本次設(shè)計(jì)。教師的理論指導(dǎo)和提供相關(guān)的技術(shù)支持；學(xué)院有較完善的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備和實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)地。學(xué)院圖書館收藏了許多有關(guān)專業(yè)方面的知識(shí)書籍和周刊，并且提供了網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的機(jī)房，可以在中國(guó)期刊網(wǎng)、維普網(wǎng)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、超星數(shù)字圖書館等網(wǎng)站查閱有關(guān)資料。 現(xiàn)具有的一些參考資料如： 1、《起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》，北京鋼鐵學(xué)院，陳道南、盛漢中主編，冶金工業(yè)出版社，1986 2、《起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械》，陳道南、過玉卿、周培德、盛漢中主編，冶金工業(yè)出版社，1988 3、《機(jī)械零件設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》，東北工學(xué)院編，冶金工業(yè)出版社，1982 4、《起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》，中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社，1984 5、《起重機(jī)械》，大連工學(xué)院編，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1982 6、《焊接與化機(jī)焊接結(jié)構(gòu)》，王寬福、馮麗云主編，浙江大學(xué)出版社，1992 7、《材料力學(xué)》，劉鴻文主編，高等教育出版社，1992 8、《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》，成大先主編，化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2004 9、《互換性與技術(shù)測(cè)量》，謝鐵邦，李柱，席宏卓主編，華中科技大學(xué)出版社，1998 10、《機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置選用手冊(cè)》，機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置選用手冊(cè)編委會(huì)，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1999 除了以上的資料，還有橋式裝卸料機(jī)的一些圖樣及其相關(guān)的資料、AUTOCAD繪圖軟件、OFFICE辦公軟件等。 四、總的工作任務(wù)，進(jìn)度安排以及預(yù)期結(jié)果 1、2006年3月2日~3月22日 進(jìn)行方案論證，查閱相關(guān)資料，了解國(guó)內(nèi)、外在該方面的最新成果； 2、2006年3月23日~5月10日 對(duì)整機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)，完成卸料機(jī)的總圖設(shè)計(jì)； 3、2006年3月30日~5月3日 完成裝卸料機(jī)的運(yùn)行小車機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)； 4、2006年4月12日~5月25日 編寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書； 5、2006年5月25日~6月10日 校對(duì)、總結(jié)、準(zhǔn)備答辯； 預(yù)期目標(biāo)：通過參考各種資料和運(yùn)用本專業(yè)的知識(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)橋式裝卸料機(jī)的主梁和小車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，使使運(yùn)載能力、工作性能、工作狀況、安全性能、耐用程度等各種參數(shù)均達(dá)到預(yù)期的要求。 五、指導(dǎo)教師審查意見 指導(dǎo)教師（簽名） 年 月 日 六、教研室審查意見 教研室主任（簽名） 年 月 日 七、院（系）審查意見 院（系）主任（簽名） 年 月 日 備 注 邵陽學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) The reasonable of the bridge type derrick chooses to use Peking rises heavy conveyance machine graduate school Xu lei Abstract : Rationally selecting cranes are essential to efficiently using them. This paper presents the principles and methods for selection of overhead travelling cranes , including the selection of basic parameters , construction types and operating conditions Key words : Overhead travelling crane 　Selection 　Principle 　Method Along with modern industrial and quick develop to extend with the production scale, the material transports the expenses is more and more high in the comparison in the production cost.Therefore how right choose to use the derrick reasonably, to increase rate of production, develop the valid function of the derrick well, satisfy the usage requests, lowering the usage cost, increasing economic performance, insure the movement the safety to all have the very important meaning. 1 The choice of the basic parameter The main function in derrick in token in basic parameter characteristic of the derrick with homework ability, is a basic basis that derrick exactitude choose to use.The basic parameter of the bridge type derrick includes to rise weight, rises to go up a Class and work speed with across an etc.. 1.1 Rise weight Allows to rises once when derrick is normal to work the biggest quantity that mourn call the sum settles to rise weight.Mourn the sum that hook the derrick settles to rise the weight does not include to mourn the hook with move pulley set of self-respect.Grasp the cape to account into with the quantity that electromagnetism sucker wait to take the thing the device the sum settles to rise weight inside.Press standard to rule, the bridge type derrick rises what weight series adopt is a R10 to have the initiative the few department, starting from the 312 ts, pressing 1125 ratios pass to increase to 4,5,613,8,10,1215,16,20,25,32,40,50 t.But the current local bridge type derrick product just is tradition according to the production of many years, win election from the above few row a the part constitutes to rises physically weight series.The most in common use series is 5 ts,10 ts,16 ts,20 ts,32 ts with 50 ts.Usually, be to rise weight over 10 t the hour establishes two rises to rise the organization, then the lord rises to rise the organization with vice- Rises to rise the organization, two rise the ratio of the weight roughly 1 ∶ 4.The lord rises to rise the organization rises the weight is big, rises to mourn heavy goods in order to; vice- rises to rise the organization rises the weight is small, but speed than quick, rises to hang lighter goods or make to lend support to the sex work in order to, to increase the work efficiency. General at the request of mays meet biggest to rises to mourn the heavy thing to make sure to rise with the derrick weight, consider at the same time the term or craft process that turn carry the work of.The derrick disallows to overload the usage, the so that is rises to mourn the thing to usually take place the situation of the variety, the derrick should consider the certain amount of .Under some circumstances, occasionally needs to mourn to carry excess article, can use two pedestal derricks be in conjunction with the homework.Fix in the craft process, rises to mourn the thing weight basic constant, derrick the circumstance that basic capacity load use next, can cancel the vice- rising rise the organization, toing simplify the construction of the derrick, declining low cost.The big tonnage bridge type derrick of the abroad too and is not all take what vice- rising rise the organization, but choose to pack according to the demand. 1.2 Rises to rise the high degree Rises to go up a the distance of lead for ising to points from ground to taking the thing equips the tallest rising rises the position.If take the thing equip to need the whereabouts goes to ground below homework, from ground to take the thing the device the lowest descending put the distance of lead of the position calls the bottom puts the depth.At this time the gross rises to go up a the degree is a ground to rises to go up above a the degree puts the depth it down below with the ground with.Rise the choice that rise press homework request highly but settle.The in general use bridge type rises The heavy machine will rise to go up generally the degree limits in the 20 ms including.Because over a boundary for then wanting in rises to rise the organization special steel wire in adoption rope involution method or enlarging a size, making rising heavy small car arranging appearing difficulty, and enlarging derrick size.Request to the car homework that pack the derrick, in made sure rose went up first degree, should still consider to go together with to belong to of hanged high degree that had with the vehicle, then guarantee derrick can pack the biggest and high product into the car.The ships that used for the derrick pack to unload and should consider the influence that tidewater rise falls. 1.3 Work Class The place that bridge type derrick install is similar to the term difference of the usage is very big, rose the exploitation degree of the heavy ability with worked the frequency is each not.Use the derrick reasonably for the sake of the economy, need to choose the fit work Class according to the work term of the derrick.The work Class of the bridge type derrick is divided into the A1 ～ A8 totally 8 classeseseseses, can according to the exploitation grade of the derrick with carry the the appearance of carries the the the carries the carries, namely according to the busy degree in usage of the derrick with load down the degree pass calculation is certain. The derrick counts circularly in the period in valid life span total work having certainly.A work circulation of the derrick homework is from prepares to rise to mourn the product start, arriving a whole homework for rises to mourn the product process.The work circulates to amount the exploitation degree of the token derrick.For easy to compute, will work the circulation amount to be divided into 10 exploitations grade within the scope of its possible, seeing the table 1. The load appearance enunciation derrick that carry the importance degree suffers to carry.Carrying the appearance of load has something to do with two factors: A function for is physically rising rising carrying load Qi and sum settling carrying load Qmax it ratio, another is physically rising rising carrying load Qi number of times Ni circulates with work the ratio that amount the N.The name carries the coefficient of load is divided into 4 classeseses, see the table 2, the derrick carries load coefficient KQ can press type calculation: Table 1 the exploitation grade of the derrick Make use of the grade Working the circulation amounts Usage circumstance U0 1.6 ×104 Don't usually use U1 3.2 ×104 U2 6.3 ×104 U3 1.25 ×105 U4 2.5 ×105 Usually light free usage U5 5 ×105 Usually break to use continuously U6 1 ×106 Not usually busy usage U7 2 ×106 Busy usage U8 4 ×106 U9 > 4 ×106 According to KQ that compute the income, the name that can check from the table a carries the coefficient of load . Table 2 derrick names carry the coefficient of load. Carry the appearance of load The name carries the load coefficient KQ Make use the feeling circumstance The Q1 — is light 01125 Seldom rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load , Rises to hang the light carrying the load generally Q2 — inside 0125 Sometimes rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load, Rises to mourn generally inside etc. Carry the load The Q3 — is heavy 015 Usually rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load, Rises to hang the more heavy carrying the load generally Q4 — with heavy 110 It is multifarious to rises to hang the sum settles to carry the load Made sure the exploitation grade of the derrick with carry the load appearance hereafter, can press table 3 the work Class of certain derricks. Table 3 derrick work Class Carry the load Appearance The name carries the load coefficient KQ Make use of the grade U0 U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 The Q1 — is light 01125 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Q2 — inside 0125 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 The Q3 — is heavy 015 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Q4 — with heavy 110 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 The in common use work in derrick in type in bridge Class also can according to the table 4 choose Table 4 bridge type derrick work Classes choose to use the for instance Derrick use Work term Work Class The electricity stands, the car drives to rise with the manpower machine Light free in usage A1 The electricity stands to use the derrick Light free in usage A1 ～ A3 Maintain to use the derrick The usage is little, the usually light burthen uses A1 ～ A3 Car and warehouses use the derrick Usually break to use continuously A3 Car and warehouses use the derrick Busy usage A4 ～ A5 The heavy work car uses the derrick Heavy usage A6 Goods field、Anticipate field Use the derrick Grasp grap or electromagnetism sucker type, busy usages A6 The metallurgy factory cast, clips the derrick of pincers The usage is multifarious and load down the usage A7 The metallurgy factory takes off tablet, add to anticipate the derrick The usage is multifarious and heavy to carry the usage A8 1.4 The work is flat-out The work speed of the bridge type derrick includes to rise to rise the speed, the small car circulates the speed circulates the speed with big car.The flat-out choice in work is decided by various factors.Have something to do with rising weight first, inside, small rise the derrick of the weight choose to use the high speed to increase rate of production, big rise the derrick of the weight is proper to choose to use the low speed the since low driving the power, the steady that increase to circulate with safety.The work speed still is decided by the work Class to request with the usage, working the Class is high and usually use, request the high derrick in rate of production chooses to use the high speed; the work Class is low and used for the work organization eligibility that adjustment circulate uses the low speed; used for only the equipments install to is in addition to choosing to use the low speed with the derrick that maintain, can also according to demand, adopt double soon( quick, slow soon), tiny soon or adjust soon.The adoption changes the frequence adjust to can be made soon work speed at 1 ∶ a regulates arbitrarily.Work the speed return to have something to do with the service space size of the derrick, circulating the road grow, rises to go up a big and proper choose to use the high speed.When the derrick circulates the road shorter, the not proper adoption is super-speed, the in order to prevent dids not start to complete and then start the system moves.But along with modern industrial development, do large quantity turn the derrick that carry the work to adopt gradually the super-speed a derrick for, installing maintaining using large quantity adoption adjusts soon.To the derrick of the some special function, if used for the derrick of the work a fire homework, should have the fleetness descent device; big rises to rise the high derrick in addition to should appropriately increasing rises to rise speed, it is also heavy to carry to adopt the low speed and get empty to carry the adoption high speed, or adopt the measure acquire the higher descent the speed, with increase rate of production. 1.5 Across degree The level distance of the big car in derrick in type in bridge movement orbit center line calls to across degree.The derrick acrosses a width for being decided by the service space primarily, useding for the derrick in the factory premises across a width for being decided by the building.For making across a degree the parameter series turns, bridge type derrick of in common use across the degree is each to a the class, the concrete number sees the table 5.Rise weight a derrick for below to should each factory premises across a hoist for having the two kinds of acrossing a value, in the factory premises above beam to stay the circumstance of the safe passage up to use the small value down.Such as at there is an on same orbit above of derrick, also there is a derrick for below, the derrick acrosses a rises for by the an above heavy machine chooses ?When same across the inside has two layer derrick, the number inside the watch is applicable to the upper level derrick only, the bottom layer derrick acrosses a value in response to for integral times of the 015 ms.When across the degree not agree with to match the form inside a row number hour belong to the special design derrick generally. Table 5 bridge type derricks across a series The factory premises acrosses degree 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 The derrick acrosses degree Rise weight 3The 50 ts of ～ 7.5 10.5 13.5 16.5 19.5 22.5 25.5 28.5 31.5 — 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 — Rise weight 80-250 — — — 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 2 The choice of the structure form Fit bridge in choice, rise heavy small car, manipulate the way with take the thing equips the etc., can make bridge type derrick under every kind of particular gearing size with the homework method satisfied the usage the request betterly. 2.1 Bridge The bridge is a metals construction loading corpus.The bridge of the bridge type derrick contain single beam bridge with 2 typeses: a beam bridge, from a root or two main beams with locate to across an one for each of both sides carry the beam constitutes.While rising the weight a circumstance for below, work Class lowerly, acrossing aly smallerly, circulating the speed request to be not high, the derrick is not multifarious to use, the general eligibility uses single beam bridge.This kind of single beam derrick usually adopts the electricity moves the bottle gourd conduct and actions rises to rise the organization, for this reason construction tightly packed, self-respect and light, the price is too lower.Under the other circumstance the eligibility chooses a beam bridge, the stability likes, suffering the dint term like, circulating the function too better. For satisfying the structural request in building in particular factory premises, the form of the bridge can adopt the homologous variety.General circumstance next, main beam with carry the way that beam adopt level conjunction, manufacturing simple, adjust convenience, see figure 1 a.Sometimes the factory premises constructs the construction already certain, for satisfying to rise weight with rises to go up a request, while rising the extremely high circumstance in heavy small car, can adopt the main beam descend the cave form, seeing figure 1 b.Sometimes for the sake of high degree that lower the factory premises hoist beam, alleviate to the best the factory premises construct the construction weight, canning adopt the main beam with carry the beam do not wait the high conjunction method, seeing figure a 1 d. 2.2 Rise heavy small car Figure 1 main beam with conjunction method that carry the beam Rise heavy small vehicle-use come to realizes the rise and fall that rises mourn the thing with along bridge a work for of movement, its function directly affecting whole pedestal derrick function.On the general adoption in derrick in type in bridge in a beam the place type rises heavy small car, loading the ability is big, circulating steady, but the shape size is big.This kind of rises the heavy small car top arranges the electric motor and decelerate generally the machine, book constitutes of rising and rising organization.For lowering the building the high degree, the alleviation holds with dignity, simplifying the construction, canning adopt the electricity move bottle gourd the conduct and actions rises to rise the organization.The electricity moves whole machine of the bottle gourd bridge type derrick hold with dignity to lighter than the former 30% or so, the more suitable for factory premises construct to the high degree and a circumstance for pressing limit settling, now abroad already large quantity uses. The single beam derrick usually adopts the electricity moves the bottle gourd conduct and actions rises to rise to circulate the organization with the small car, and hang the lower part in single beam.This kind of construction is more agile, self-respect and lighter.But the bottle gourd descends to place and would affect to rise to go up degree. Sometimes construct the high degree in the factory premises low, but want again to increases to rise to rise possibly the high circumstance descend, the eligibility uses the low building high degree gives or get an electric shock to move the single beam in bottle gourd derrick.This kind of derrick moves the bottle gourd to the electricity to settle the flank in single beam, attaining the increment rises to rise the high purpose.This kind of derrick need to be taken extreme measure, moving to the hang type electricity the bottle gourd need the increment goes together with the heavy toing hold the balance, but also increased to hold with dignity; small car in another adoption side hang type, also can make use of the space effectively, but the small car construction sophisticates, will return to the main beam the affixture a twists the T . 2.3 Manipulate the way Adopting rises weight big, work Class high, circulate flat-out and quick derrick, very much the driver room manipulates the way, toing insure the movement the safety.The driver room usually all fixs in bridge a side of.If the derrick acrosses a very big, under the situation of rises to mourn the homework complicacy, can choose to use the driver room with rise form that heavy small car exercise together.Sometimes return the eligibility use the driver room can is ambulatory along the main beam as one's pleases of form, operate more convenient. Circulate the speed in the derrick slow, the route of travel is short, the work is not busy, and request the driver to hang, take off the circumstance of the hook directly; in the factory premises low and short or the ground equipments is high, can't install the circumstance of the driver room; have the harmful air in the factory premises upper part, can't can adopt under the situation of derrick ascending manipulating the ground manipulate.The ground manipulates the movement speed of the derrick generally not over 45 ms/ min.The ground manipulates the hand electricity door is fixed, the hand gives or get an electric shock the door moves with the small car, the hand gives or get an electric shock the door moves a few methods as one's pleases, can choose to use according to the demand.Because the adoption ground manipulates have the electric cable connect with each other, operating must follow behind the derrick exercises, therefore can also adopt the lead-in control from a distance to manipulate the way, including red and outside light or wirelesses control from a distance, making derrick manipulated more vivid convenient.This kind of manipulate the way to have got the extensive adoption abroad. 2.4 Taking the thing equips The choice takes the thing device fitly, producing to the safety with increases to produce the efficiency have the important meaning.Because the bridge type derrick packs the object category that unload the product numerous, have results to show a piece, spread a grain with the etc. of the liquid, their physics function with several why each of shape is characteristic.Pack to unload the work for the sake of orientation various product, take in common usely the thing equip to mourn the hook, grasp the cape , electromagnetism sucker, ring and tie to have, clip the pincers , vacuum sucker and anticipate the cape , prosperou