帶式輸送機傳送裝置設計【展開式兩級圓柱齒輪減速器】【F=2.5KN V=1.3m-s D=370mm 】,展開式兩級圓柱齒輪減速器,F=2.5KN V=1.3m-s D=370mm ,帶式輸送機傳送裝置設計【展開式兩級圓柱齒輪減速器】【F=2.5KN,V=1.3m-s,D=370mm,輸送,傳送,裝置,設計 說明書 設計題目：帶式輸送機傳送裝置 專業(yè)班 設計者： 學號： 指導老師： 年 月 日 目錄 一.題目及總體分析 3 二.各主要部件選擇 4 三.電動機的選擇 5 四.分配傳動比 6 五.傳動系統(tǒng)的運動和動力參數(shù)計算 7 六.設計高速級齒輪 9 1.選精度等級、材料及齒數(shù)，齒型 9 2.按齒面接觸強度設計 9 3.按齒根彎曲強度設計 12 4.幾何尺寸計算 14 5.驗算 14 七.設計低速級齒輪 15 1.選精度等級、材料及齒數(shù)，齒型 15 2.按齒面接觸疲勞強度設計 15 3.按齒根彎曲強度設計 17 4.幾何尺寸計算 19 5.驗算 19 八.鏈傳動的設計 20 九.減速器軸及軸承裝置、鍵的設計 23 1.Ⅰ軸（輸入軸）及其軸承裝置、鍵的設計 23 2.Ⅱ軸（中間軸）及其軸承裝置、鍵的設計 28 3.Ⅲ軸（輸出軸）及其軸承裝置、鍵的設計 34 十.潤滑與密封 39 十一.箱體的設計 40 十二.設計小結 43 十三.參考文獻 44 一.題目及總體分析 題目：設計一個帶式輸送機的傳動裝置 給定條件：傳動簡圖如圖1-1所示，設計參數(shù)列于表1-1。工作條件：連續(xù)單向運轉，，工作時有輕微振動，使用期為10年（每年300個工作日），小批量生產，兩班制工作，輸送機工作軸轉速允許誤差為。帶式輸送機的傳動效率為0.96。 減速器類型選擇：選用展開式兩級圓柱齒輪減速器。 特點及應用：結構簡單，但齒輪相對于軸承的位置不對稱，因此要求軸有較大的剛度。高速級齒輪布置在遠離轉矩輸入端，這樣，軸在轉矩作用下產生的扭轉變形和軸在彎矩作用下產生的彎曲變形可部分地互相抵消，以減緩沿齒寬載荷分布不均勻的現(xiàn)象。高速級一般做成斜齒，低速級可做成直齒。 整體布置如下： 圖1-1 帶式輸送機傳動簡圖 圖示：1為電動機，2為聯(lián)軸器，３為減速器，4為高速級齒輪傳動，5為低速級齒輪傳動，6為鏈傳動，7為輸送機滾筒。 輔助件有:觀察孔蓋，油標和油尺，放油孔和螺塞，通氣器，吊耳和吊鉤，定位銷，啟蓋螺釘，軸承套，密封圈等。 輸送帶的牽引力F/KN 2.5 輸送帶的速度v/(m/s) 1.3 輸送帶滾筒的直徑D/mm 370 表1-1 帶式輸送機的設計參數(shù) 二.各主要部件選擇 部件 因素 選擇 動力源 電動機 齒輪 斜齒傳動平穩(wěn)，承載能力大，傳動效率高 直齒輪不產生軸向力，但傳動平穩(wěn)性差一些 高速級做成斜齒，低速級做成直齒 軸承 此減速器軸承所受軸向力不大 滾動球軸承 聯(lián)軸器 結構簡單，耐久性好 彈性聯(lián)軸器 鏈傳動 工作可靠，傳動效率高 單排滾子鏈 三.電動機的選擇 目的 過程分析 結論 類型 根據(jù)一般帶式輸送機選用的電動機選擇 選用Y系列封閉式三相異步電動機 功率 工作機所需有效功率為Pw＝F×V＝2500N×1.3m/s 圓柱齒輪傳動(7級精度)效率(兩對)為η1＝0.98 2 滾動軸承傳動效率(四對)為η2＝0.99 4 彈性聯(lián)軸器傳動效率η3＝0.99 帶式輸送機的傳動效率為η4＝0.96 鏈傳動的效率η5＝0.96 電動機輸出有效功率為 電動機輸出功率為 型號 按選電動機型號 查得型號Y132S-4封閉式三相異步電動機參數(shù)如下 額定功率p=5.5 kW 滿載轉速1440 r/min 同步轉速1500 r/min 選用型號Y132S-4封閉式三相異步電動機 四.分配傳動比 目的 過程分析 結論 分配傳動比 傳動系統(tǒng)的總傳動比其中是傳動系統(tǒng)的總傳動比，多級串聯(lián)傳動系統(tǒng)的總傳動等于各級傳動比的連乘積；nm是電動機的滿載轉速（r/min）；nw 為工作機輸入軸的轉速（r/min）。 計算如下, 取 　　　 :總傳動比，：鏈傳動比，：低速級齒輪傳動比，：高速級齒輪傳動比 五.傳動系統(tǒng)的運動和動力參數(shù)計算 目的 過程分析 結論 傳動系統(tǒng)的運動和動力參數(shù)計算 設：從電動機到輸送機滾筒軸分別為Ⅰ軸、Ⅱ軸、Ⅲ軸、Ⅳ軸；對應于各軸的轉速分別為；對應各軸的輸入功率分別為；對應各軸的輸入轉矩分別為；相鄰兩軸間的傳動比分別為；相鄰兩軸間的傳動效率分別為。 各軸轉速n(r/min)，輸入功率P(KW)，輸入轉矩T(N ? m) 傳動系統(tǒng)的運動和動力參數(shù)計算 高速軸Ⅰ的轉速，輸入功率，輸入轉矩 中間軸Ⅱ的轉速，輸入功率，輸入轉矩 低速軸Ⅲ的轉速，輸入功率，輸入轉矩 滾筒軸Ⅳ的轉速，輸入功率，輸入轉矩 圓柱齒輪傳動(7級精度)效率為η1＝0.98 滾動軸承傳動效率為η2＝0.99 彈性聯(lián)軸器傳動效率η3＝0.99 帶式輸送機的傳動效率為η4＝0.96 鏈傳動的效率η5＝0.96 ：鏈傳動比，：低速級齒輪傳動比，：高速級齒輪傳動比 軸號 電動機 兩級圓柱減速器 工作機 Ⅰ軸 Ⅱ軸 Ⅲ軸 Ⅳ軸 轉速n(r/min) =1440 n1=1440 n2=378.95 n3=134.38 n4=67.19 功率P(kw) P=5.5 P1=5.445 P2=5.28 P3=5.13 P4=4.87 轉矩T(N·m) T1=36.11 T2=133.06 T3=364.57 T4=692.19 兩軸聯(lián)接 聯(lián)軸器 齒輪 齒輪 鏈輪 傳動比 i i01=1 i12=3.8 i23=2.82 i34=2 傳動效率η η01=0.99 η12=0.97 η23=0.97 η34=0.95 六.設計高速級齒輪 1.選精度等級、材料及齒數(shù)，齒型 1)確定齒輪類型．兩齒輪均為標準圓柱斜齒輪。 2)材料選擇。由表10—1選擇小齒輪材料為40Ｃr（調質），硬度為280HBS，大齒輪材料為45鋼(調質)，硬度為240HBS，二者材料硬度差為40HBS。 3)運輸機為一般工作機器，速度不高，故選用7級精度(GB 10095—88) 4)選小齒輪齒數(shù)Ｚ1＝24，大齒輪齒數(shù)Ｚ2＝ｉ1·Ｚ1＝3.8×24=91.2,取Z2=91。 5)選取螺旋角。初選螺旋角，左旋。 2.按齒面接觸強度設計 按式（10－21）試算，即 1)確定公式內的各計算數(shù)值 (1)試選 (2)由圖10－30，選取區(qū)域系數(shù) (3)由圖10－26查得　 　 (4)計算小齒輪傳遞的轉矩 (5)由表10－7選取齒寬系數(shù) (6)由表10－6查得材料的彈性影響系數(shù) (7)由圖10－21ｄ按齒面硬度查得小齒輪的接觸疲勞強度極限，大齒輪的接觸疲勞強度極限 (8)由式10－13計算應力循環(huán)次數(shù) 　　　　 　　　　 (9)由圖10－19查得接觸疲勞強度壽命系數(shù) (10)計算接觸疲勞強度許用應力 　　　　取失效概率為1%，安全系數(shù)為S=1，由式10－12得 　　　　 　　 　　　　 2)計算 　(1)試算小齒輪分度圓直徑，由計算公式得 　　　 　(2)計算圓周速度 　　　 　(3)計算齒寬b及模數(shù) 　　　 　　　 　(4)計算縱向重合度 　　　　 　(5)計算載荷系數(shù)K 　　　已知使用系數(shù) 　　　根據(jù)，7級精度，由圖10－8查得動載荷系數(shù) 　　　由表10－4查得 　　　　 　　　由圖10－13查得 　　　假定，由表10－3查得 故載荷系數(shù) 　 (6)按實際的載荷系數(shù)校正所算得的分度圓直徑，由式10－10a得 (7)計算模數(shù) 　　　 3.按齒根彎曲強度設計 由式10－17 1)確定計算參數(shù) (1)計算載荷系數(shù) 　　　　 (2)根據(jù)縱向重合度，從圖10－28查得螺旋角影響系數(shù) 　　　 (3)計算當量齒數(shù) 　　　 (4)查取齒形系數(shù) 由表10－5查得, 　(5)查取應力校正系數(shù) 　　　由表10－5查得, 　(6)由圖10－20c查得，小齒輪的彎曲疲勞強度極限 　　　　大齒輪的彎曲疲勞強度極限 (7)由圖10－18查得彎曲疲勞強度壽命系數(shù) 　　　　　　 (8)計算彎曲疲勞許用應力 　　　取彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù)S＝1.4，由式10－12得 　　　 　　　 　(9)計算大小齒輪的 　　　　 　　　　大齒輪的數(shù)據(jù)大 2)設計計算 對比計算結果，由齒面接觸疲勞強度計算的法面模數(shù)大于由齒根彎曲疲勞強度計算的法面模數(shù)，?。?.5mm，已可滿足彎曲強度。但為了同時滿足接觸疲勞強度，須按接觸疲勞強度算得的分度圓直徑來計算應有的齒數(shù)。于是有 取，則 4.幾何尺寸計算 1)計算中心距 將中心距圓整為。 2)按圓整后的中心距修正螺旋角 因值改變不多，故參數(shù)、、等不必修正 3)計算大、小齒輪的分度圓直徑 4)計算大、小齒輪的齒根圓直徑 5)計算齒輪寬度 圓整后??； 5.驗算 合適 七.設計低速級齒輪 1.選精度等級、材料及齒數(shù)，齒型 1)確定齒輪類型．兩齒輪均為標準圓柱直齒輪 2)材料選擇。小齒輪材料為40Cr（調質），硬度為380HBS，大齒輪材料為45鋼（調質），硬度為240HBS，二者材料硬度差為40HBS。 3)運輸機為一般工作機器，速度不高，故選用7級精度 4)選小齒輪齒數(shù)Z1＝24，大齒輪齒數(shù)Z2＝·Z1＝2.82×24=67.68，取=68。 2.按齒面接觸疲勞強度設計 由設計計算公式10－9a進行試算，即 　 1)確定公式各計算數(shù)值 (1)試選載荷系數(shù) (2)計算小齒輪傳遞的轉矩 　　　 (3)由表10－7選取齒寬系數(shù) (4)由表10—6查得材料的彈性影響系數(shù) (5)由圖10—21d按齒面硬度查得 小齒輪的接觸疲勞強度極限 大齒輪的接觸疲勞強度極限 (6)由式10—13計算應力循環(huán)次數(shù) 　　 　　　 (7)由圖10－19曲線1查得接觸疲勞強度壽命系數(shù)， (8)計算接觸疲勞強度許用應力 　　取失效概率為1%，安全系數(shù)為S=1，由式10－12得 　　　　 　　 2)計算 (1)試算小齒輪分度圓直徑，代入中的較小值 (2)計算圓周速度v (3)計算齒寬b 　　　 (4)計算齒寬與齒高之比 b／h 模數(shù) 　　　　 (5)計算載荷系數(shù)K 　　　　 根據(jù)，7級精度，由圖10－8查得動載荷系數(shù) 　　　　 假設，由表10－3查得 　　 由表10－2查得使用系數(shù).25 由表10－4查得 　　 　　　　 由圖10－13查得 故載荷系數(shù) 　 (6)按實際的載荷系數(shù)校正所算得的分度圓直徑，由式10－10a得 (7)計算模數(shù)ｍ 3.按齒根彎曲強度設計 由式10－5得彎曲強度的設計公式為 1)確定公式內的計算數(shù)值 (1)由圖10－20c查得 小齒輪的彎曲疲勞強度極限 大齒輪的彎曲疲勞強度極限 (2)由圖10－18查得彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù) 　　　， (3)計算彎曲疲勞許用應力 　　 取失效概率為1%，安全系數(shù)為S=1.4，由式10－12得 　　　 (4)計算載荷系數(shù) (5)查取齒形系數(shù) 由表10－5查得， 　(6)取應力校正系數(shù) 　　　 由表10－5查得　 　(7)計算大小齒輪的，并比較 　　　　 　　　　大齒輪的數(shù)據(jù)大 2)設計計算 對比計算結果，由齒面接觸疲勞強度計算的模數(shù)ｍ大于由齒根彎曲疲勞強度計算的模數(shù)，可取有彎曲強度算得的模數(shù)2.33，并就近圓整為標準值ｍ＝2.5ｍｍ。但為了同時滿足接觸疲勞強度，須按接觸疲勞強度算得的分度圓直徑來計算應有的齒數(shù)。于是有，取 大齒輪齒數(shù)　取 4.幾何尺寸計算 1)計算分度圓直徑 2)計算齒根圓直徑 3)計算中心距 將中心距圓整后取。 4)計算齒寬 取　 5.驗算 合適 八.鏈傳動的設計 1． 選擇鏈輪齒數(shù)和材料 取小齒輪齒數(shù)，大齒輪的齒數(shù)為 材料選擇40鋼，熱處理：淬火、回火。 2． 確定計算功率 由表9－6查得，由圖9－13查得，單排鏈，則計算功率為： 。 3． 選擇鏈條型號和節(jié)距 根據(jù)及查圖9－11，可選20A-1。查表9－1，鏈條節(jié)距為。 4． 計算鏈節(jié)數(shù)和中心距 初選中心距。取。相應得鏈長節(jié)數(shù)為，取鏈長節(jié)數(shù)節(jié)。查表9－7得到中心距計算系數(shù)，則鏈傳動的最大中心中心距為：。 5． 計算鏈速v，確定潤滑方式 由和鏈號20A－1，查圖9－14可知應采用油池潤滑或油盤飛濺潤滑。 6． 計算壓軸力 有效圓周力為： 鏈輪水平布置時的壓軸力系數(shù)，則壓軸力為。 7． 鏈輪的結構設計 小直徑的鏈輪一般做成整體式；中等尺寸的鏈輪多做成孔板式，為便于搬運、裝卡和減重，在輻板上開孔；大直徑的鏈輪可做成組合式，?？蓪X圈用螺栓連接或焊接在輪轂上，此時齒圈與輪芯可用不同材料制造。 根據(jù)軸Ⅲ的尺寸可確定鏈輪軸孔d=45mm，輪轂長度L=80mm，可與減速器的相關尺寸協(xié)調。 8． 鏈輪的基本參數(shù)和主要尺寸 名稱 符號 計算公式 結果 分度圓直徑 齒頂圓直徑 齒根圓直徑 齒高 確定的最大軸凸緣直徑 節(jié)距p=31.75mm，滾子直徑=19.05mm，小鏈輪齒數(shù)，大鏈輪齒數(shù)，內鏈板高度 九.減速器軸及軸承裝置、鍵的設計 1.Ⅰ軸（輸入軸）及其軸承裝置、鍵的設計 １.輸入軸上的功率 轉矩 ２.求作用在齒輪上的力 　 圓周力，徑向力，軸向力 ３.初定軸的最小直徑 選軸的材料為45鋼，調質處理。根據(jù)表15－3，取(以下軸均取此值），于是由式15－2初步估算軸的最小直徑。 輸入軸的最小直徑顯然是安裝聯(lián)軸器處軸的直徑，為了使所選的軸直徑 與聯(lián)軸器的孔徑相適應,故需同時選取聯(lián)軸器型號。 聯(lián)軸器的計算轉矩Tca=KAT1,查表14-1,考慮到轉矩的變化很小,故取KA=1.3,則 　 按照計算轉矩Tca應小于聯(lián)軸器公稱轉矩的條件，查《機械設計手冊》，選用HL1型彈性柱銷聯(lián)軸器，其公稱轉矩為160000N·ｍｍ。半聯(lián)軸器的孔徑，故取，半聯(lián)軸器長度L＝42ｍｍ的半聯(lián)軸器。 與軸配合的轂孔長度。 ４.軸的結構設計 　 1)擬定軸上零件的裝配方案（見圖9-1） 　 2)根據(jù)軸向定位的要求確定軸的各段直徑和長度 　 (1)為滿足半聯(lián)軸器的軸向定位要求，1軸段右端需制一軸肩，軸肩高度,故取２段的直徑 。半聯(lián)軸器與軸配合的轂孔長度=30mm.，為了保證軸端擋圈只壓在半聯(lián)軸器上而不壓在軸的端面上，故的長度應該比略短一點，現(xiàn)取。 　 (2)初步選擇滾動軸承。參照工作要求并根據(jù)，初選型號6205深溝球軸承，其尺寸為，基本額定動載荷，基本額定靜載荷，，，故,軸段3和5的長度取相同,，。 (3)軸段4做成齒輪軸。軸段4的直徑應根據(jù)6205的深溝球軸承的定位軸肩直徑確定，取,。其余尺寸如圖9—1 (4)取齒輪齒寬中間為力作用點，則可得,，。 (5)參考表15－2，取軸端為和各軸肩處的圓角半徑。 圖9-1 輸入軸的結構布置簡圖 5.受力分析、彎距的計算 1)計算支承反力 　 在水平面上 在垂直面上 故 總支承反力 2)計算彎矩并作彎矩圖 　 (1)水平面彎矩圖 　　　 　 (2)垂直面彎矩圖 　　　 　 (3)合成彎矩圖 　　　 　　　 3)計算轉矩并作轉矩圖 　　　 6.作受力、彎矩和扭矩圖 圖 9—2軸Ⅰ受力、彎矩和扭矩圖 7.選用鍵校核 鍵連接：聯(lián)軸器：選單圓頭平鍵（A型）軸的直徑d=18mm,選， 聯(lián)軸器:由式6－1， 查表6－2，得 ，鍵校核安全 8.按彎扭合成應力校核軸的強度 由合成彎矩圖和轉矩圖知，C處左側承受最大彎矩和扭矩，并且有較多的應力集中，故c截面為危險截面。根據(jù)式15－5，并取，軸的計算應力 ，， 由表15－1查得，，故安全 9.校核軸承和計算壽命 (1)校核軸承A和計算壽命 徑向載荷 軸向載荷 由，在表13－5取X＝0.56。相對軸向載荷為，在表中介于0.040－0.070之間，對應的e值為0.24－0.27之間，對應Y值為1.8－1.6，于是，用插值法求得，故。 由表13－6取　則，A軸承的當量動載荷 ，校核安全 該軸承壽命該軸承壽命 (2)校核軸承B和計算壽命 　　　 徑向載荷 　　　 當量動載荷，校核安全 該軸承壽命該軸承壽命 查表13-3得預期計算壽命，故安全。 2.Ⅱ軸（中間軸）及其軸承裝置、鍵的設計 1.中間軸上的功率 轉矩 2.求作用在齒輪上的力 高速大齒輪: 　 低速小齒輪: 3.初定軸的最小直徑 選軸的材料為45鋼，調質處理。 根據(jù)表15－3，取，于是由式15－2初步估算軸的最小直徑 中間軸上有兩個鍵槽，最小軸徑應增大10%~15%，取增大12%得，圓整的。這是安裝軸承處軸的最小直徑 4.根據(jù)軸向定位的要求確定軸的各段直徑和長度 (1)初選型號6207的深溝球軸承　參數(shù)如下 ，，，基本額定動載荷　基本額定靜載荷，故。軸段1和5的長度相同,故取。 (2)軸段2上安裝高速級大齒輪,為便于齒輪的安裝,應略大與,可取。齒輪左端用套筒固定,為使套筒端面頂在齒輪左端面上,即靠緊,軸段2的長度應比齒輪轂長略短,若轂長與齒寬相同,已知齒寬，取。大齒輪右端用軸肩固定,由此可確定軸段3的直徑, 軸肩高度,取 ，。 (3)軸段4上安裝低速級小齒輪,為便于齒輪的安裝, 應略大與,可取。齒輪右端用套筒固定,為使套筒端面頂在齒輪右端面上,即靠緊,軸段4的長度應比齒輪轂長略短,若轂長與齒寬相同,已知齒寬，取。 取齒輪齒寬中間為力作用點,則可得, ， (4)參考表15－2，取軸端為，各軸肩處的圓角半徑見圖9—3。 圖9—3 中間軸的結構布置簡圖 5.軸的受力分析、彎距的計算 1)計算支承反力： 　 在水平面上 在垂直面上： 故 總支承反力： 2)計算彎矩 在水平面上： 在垂直面上： 故 3)計算轉矩并作轉矩圖 6.作受力、彎矩和扭矩圖 圖9—4軸Ⅱ受力、彎矩和扭矩圖 7.選用校核鍵 　1)低速級小齒輪的鍵 　　　由表6－1選用圓頭平鍵（A型），小齒輪軸端直徑d=40mm,，小齒輪齒寬B=85mm，。 　 由式6－1， 查表6－2，得 ，鍵校核安全 2)高速級大齒輪的鍵 　　 由表6－1選用圓頭平鍵（A型），大齒輪軸端直徑d=40mm，，大齒輪齒寬B=50mm，。 　 由式6－１， 查表6－2，得 ，鍵校核安全 8.按彎扭合成應力校核軸的強度 　 由合成彎矩圖和轉矩圖知，2處當量彎矩最大，并且有較多的應力集中，為危險截面，， 根據(jù)式15－5，并取， 　 由表１５－１查得，，校核安全。 9.校核軸承和計算壽命 1)校核軸承A和計算壽命 徑向載荷 軸向載荷 　　　,查表13-5得X=1,Y=0,按表13-6,,取,故 因為，校核安全。 該軸承壽命 2)校核軸承B和計算壽命 　　 徑向載荷 　　 當量動載荷，校核安全 該軸承壽命 查表13-3得預期計算壽命，故安全。 3.Ⅲ軸（輸出軸）及其軸承裝置、鍵的設計 1.輸入功率　轉速　 轉矩 2.第三軸上齒輪受力 　 3.初定軸的直徑 軸的材料同上。由式15－2，初步估算軸的最小直徑 輸出軸上有兩個鍵槽，最小軸徑應增大10%~15%，圓整的。 這是安裝鏈輪處軸的最小直徑，取，查機械手冊可得到安裝在鏈輪孔的軸的長度： ，為保證鏈輪與箱體的距離，取。 4.軸的結構設計 　1)擬定軸的結構和尺寸（見圖9—5） 　2)根據(jù)軸向定位的要求確定軸的各段直徑和長度 (1) 為滿足鏈輪的軸向定位要求，1軸段右端需制一軸肩，軸肩高度,故?。捕蔚闹睆?。 (2)軸段3和軸段6用來安裝軸承，根據(jù)，初選型號6212的深溝球軸承，參數(shù)基本：，，　基本額定動載荷　基本額定靜載荷。由此可以確定： ，取 ，。 (3)軸段5上安裝低速級大齒輪,為便于齒輪的安裝, 應略大與,可取。齒輪右端用套筒固定,為使套筒端面頂在齒輪右端面上,即靠緊,軸段5的長度應比齒輪轂長略短,若轂長與齒寬相同,已知齒寬，取。大齒輪左端用軸肩固定,由此可確定軸段4的直徑,取,。 (4)取齒輪齒寬中間為力作用點,則可得, ， (5)參考表15－2，取軸端為，各軸肩處的圓角半徑見圖9—5。 圖9—5 軸Ⅲ的結構布置簡圖 5.軸的受力分析、彎距的計算 (1)計算支承反力 　 在水平面上 在垂直面上 故 (2)計算彎矩 1)水平面彎矩 　　　 在C處， 2)垂直面彎矩 　　　 在C處， 在B處 ， (3)合成彎矩圖 　　　 在C處　 在B處， (4)計算轉矩，并作轉矩圖 (CD段) 6.作受力、彎矩和扭矩圖 圖9—6 軸Ⅲ受力、彎矩和扭矩圖 7.選用校核鍵 　1)低速級大齒輪的鍵 　　　由表6－1選用圓頭平鍵（A型）d=62mm， ，，。 由式6－1， 查表6－2，得 ，鍵校核安全 2)高速級鏈輪的鍵 　　 由表6－1選用圓頭平鍵（A型）d=45mm，， ， 由式6－1， 查表6－2，得 ，鍵校核安全 8.按彎扭合成應力校核軸的強度 　 由合成彎矩圖和轉矩圖知，B處當量彎矩最大，并且有較多的應力集中，為危險截面 根據(jù)式15－5，并取，，，d=62mm， 　 由表15－1查得，，校核安全。 9.校核軸承和計算壽命 1)校核軸承D和計算壽命 徑向載荷 　　　當量動載荷 因為，校核安全。 該軸承壽命該軸承壽命 2)校核軸承B和計算壽命 　　 徑向載荷 　　 當量動載荷，校核安全 該軸承壽命該軸承壽命 十.潤滑與密封 1.潤滑方式的選擇 減速器傳動零件的軸承都需要良好的潤滑，其目的是為減少摩擦、磨損，提高效率，防銹，冷卻和散熱。 1)因為此變速器為閉式齒輪傳動，又因為齒輪的圓周速度，所以采用將大齒輪的輪齒浸入油池中進行浸油潤滑，傳動件回轉時，粘在其上的潤滑油被帶到嚙合區(qū)進行潤滑。同時，傳動零件將油池中的油甩到箱壁上，可以使?jié)櫥图铀偕帷? 箱體內應有足夠的潤滑油，以保證潤滑及散熱的需要。為避免大齒輪回轉時將油池底部的沉積物攪起，大齒輪齒頂圓到油池底面的距離應大于30~50mm。 2)計算所需油量 。對于一級減速器每傳遞1kW的功率需油量約為350~700(潤滑油的粘度高時取大值)。對于多級減速器，應按傳動的級數(shù)成比例的增加油量。軸Ⅱ的輸入功率為5.28kW。 3)驗算油池中的油量V是否大于傳遞功率所需油量 油池中油量，符合要求。 4)軸承采用脂潤滑，需要定期檢查和補充潤滑脂。脂潤滑易于密封，結構簡單，維護方便。為防止箱內潤滑油進入軸承室而使?jié)櫥♂屃鞒?，同時也防止軸承室中的潤滑脂流入箱體內而造成油脂混合，通常在箱體軸承座箱內一側裝設甩油環(huán)。潤滑脂的充填量為軸承室的1/2~1/3，每隔半年左右補充或更換一次。 2.密封方式的選擇 由于I，II，III軸與軸承接觸處的線速度，所以采用氈圈密封。氈圈密封結構簡單，但磨損快，密封效果差，主要用于脂潤滑和接觸面速度不超過5m/s的場合。 3.潤滑油的選擇 因為該減速器屬于一般減速器，查機械設計手冊可選用全損耗系統(tǒng)用油， L—AN68(GB 443—1989)；潤滑脂選7407號齒輪潤滑脂(SY 4036—1984)。 十一.箱體的設計 1. 箱體的剛度 減速器箱體一般采用剖分式結構，分箱面處的凸緣結構和軸承座結構對箱體的剛度有很大的影響。箱體底座凸緣的結構會影響箱體的支撐剛度。 1) 軸承座壁厚和加強肋的確定 為了保證軸承座的剛度，軸承座孔應有一定的壁厚。設計軸承座孔采用凸緣式軸承蓋，根據(jù)安裝軸承蓋螺釘?shù)男枰_定軸承座厚度以滿足剛度的要求。 為了提高軸承座的剛度，還應設置加強肋，一般中、小型減速器加外肋板。 2) 軸承旁螺栓位置和凸臺高度的確定 為了增強軸承座的連接剛度，軸承座孔兩側的連接螺栓應盡量靠近，為此需在軸承座兩側做出凸臺。兩螺栓孔在不與軸承座孔以及軸承蓋螺釘孔相干涉的前提下，應盡量靠近。 凸臺高度h應以保證足夠的螺母扳手空間為原則，具體高度由繪圖確定。為了制造和裝拆的方便，全部凸臺高度應一致，采用相同尺寸的螺栓。 3) 凸緣尺寸的確定 為了保證箱蓋與箱座的連接剛度，箱蓋與箱座分箱面凸緣的厚度一般取為1.5倍的箱體壁厚。為了保證箱體的支撐剛度，箱座底板凸緣厚度一般取2.5倍的箱座壁厚。底板寬度B應超過內壁位置，一般取。 2. 箱體的結構工藝性 1) 小齒輪端箱體外壁圓弧半徑R的確定 小齒輪端的軸承旁螺栓凸臺位于箱體外壁之內測，這種結構便于設計和制造。為此，應使，從而定出小齒輪端箱體外壁和內壁的位置。 2) 箱體凸緣連接螺栓的布置 連接箱蓋與箱座的螺栓組應對稱布置，并且不應與吊耳、吊鉤、圓錐銷等相干涉。螺栓數(shù)由箱體結構及尺寸大小而定。 3) 減速器中心高H的確定 減速器中心高H可由下式確定： 式中da為浸入油池內的最大旋轉零件的外徑。 4) 鑄件應避免出現(xiàn)狹縫 如果鑄件上設計有狹縫，這時狹縫處砂型的強度較差，在取出木模時或澆鑄鐵水時，易損壞砂型，產生廢品。 3. 附件設計 1) 視孔和視孔蓋 視孔用于檢查傳動件的嚙合情況、潤滑狀態(tài)、接觸斑點及齒側間隙，還可以用來注入潤滑油。視孔應設計在箱蓋的上部，且便于觀察傳動零件嚙合區(qū)的位置，其大小以手能伸進箱體進行檢查操作為宜。 視孔蓋可用軋制鋼板或鑄鐵制成，它和箱體之間應加石棉橡膠紙密封墊片，以防止漏油。 2) 通氣器 通氣器用于通氣，使箱內外氣壓一致，以避免由于運轉時箱內油溫升高、內壓增大，從而引起減速器潤滑油的滲漏。 3) 油標 油標用來指示油面高度，應設置在便于檢查和油面較穩(wěn)定之處。油尺結構簡單，在減速器中應用較多。 4) 放油孔和螺塞 為了將污油排放干凈，應在油池的最低位置處設置放油孔，放油孔應安置在減速器不與其它部件靠近的一側，以便于放油。平時放油孔用螺塞堵住，并配有封油墊圈。 5) 啟蓋螺釘 為防止漏油，在箱座和箱蓋接合面處通常涂有密封膠或水玻璃，接合面被粘住不易分開。為便于開啟箱蓋，可在箱蓋凸緣上裝設1~2個啟蓋螺釘。 6) 定位銷 為了保證箱體軸承座孔的鏜孔精度和裝配精度，需在箱體連接凸緣長度方向的兩端安置兩個定位銷，兩個定位銷相距遠些可提高定位精度。 7) 起吊裝置 為了裝拆和搬運減速器，應在箱體上設計吊環(huán)螺釘、吊耳及吊鉤。箱蓋上的吊環(huán)螺釘及吊耳一般是用來吊運箱蓋的，也可以用來吊運輕型減速器。箱座上的吊鉤用于吊運整臺減速器。 箱體的具體尺寸如下表 名稱 符號 尺寸關系 結果 箱座壁厚 δ δ=0.025a+5 8mm 箱蓋壁厚 δ1 δ1=0.025a+5 8mm 箱座凸緣壁厚 b b=1.5δ 12mm 箱蓋凸緣壁厚 b1 b1=1.5δ1 12mm 箱座底凸緣壁厚 b2 b2=2.5δ 20mm 地腳螺釘直徑 df df =0.036a+12 17.4mm取M20 地腳螺釘數(shù)目 n a<250,n=4 4 軸承旁聯(lián)接螺栓直徑 d1 d1=0.75 df 13.1mm取M16 箱蓋與箱座聯(lián)接螺栓直徑 d2 d2=(0.5～0.6) df 取M10 軸承蓋螺釘直徑 d3 d3=(0.4～0.5) df 6，8，10mm 視孔蓋螺釘直徑 d4 d4=(0.3～0.4) df 取M6 定位銷直徑 d d=(0.7～0.8) d2 取M8 軸承旁凸臺半徑 R1 R1 20mm 凸臺高度 h h 37.7mm 軸承蓋外徑 D2 D2= D0+2.5d3 (D為軸承孔直徑) D21=82mm D22=112mm D23=160mm 大齒頂圓與箱體內壁距離Δ1 Δ1 Δ1>δ 8mm 齒輪端面與箱體內壁距離Δ2 Δ2 Δ2>δ 10mm 兩級大齒輪端面距離 Δ3 Δ3=12.5 12.5 mm Df，d1，d2至外機壁距離 C1 C1=1.2d+(5～8) C1f=26.5mm C11=22.5mm C12=16mm df,d1,d2至凸臺邊緣距離 C2 C2 C2f=25mm C21=26mm C22=14mm 機殼上部（下部）凸緣寬度 K K= C1+ C2 Kf=51.5mm K1=48.5mm K2=30mm 十二.設計小結 通過本次分組設計減速器，發(fā)現(xiàn)之前我們對《機械設計》這門課的認識是很膚淺的，實際動手設計的時候才發(fā)現(xiàn)學的知識太少，必須通過具體動手設計，才能不斷的提高自己。 我們組的設計中存在很多不完美、缺憾甚至是錯誤的地方，但由于時間的原因，是不可能一一糾正過來的了。盡管設計中存在這樣或那樣的問題，我們還是從中學到很多東西。首先，我們體會到查閱參考資料的重要性，利用一切可以利用的資源對機械設計來說是至關重要的。往往很多數(shù)據(jù)在教材上是沒有的，這時參考資料的價值就立時體現(xiàn)出來了。其次，在設計過程中，我們復習了以前學過的機械制圖知識，AUTOCAD的畫圖水平有所提高，Word輸入、排版的技巧也有所掌握，這些應該是最大的收獲。再次，嚴謹理性的態(tài)度在設計中是非常重要的，采用每一個數(shù)據(jù)都要有根據(jù)，設計是一環(huán)扣一環(huán)的，前面做錯了，后面就要全改，工作量差不多等于重做，因此必須認真計算數(shù)據(jù)、嚴謹理性的分析結果。 通過這次的課程設計,極大的提高了我們對機械設計這門課程的掌握和運用，讓我們熟悉了手冊和國家標準的使用，并把我們所學的知識和將來的生產實際相結合，提高了我們分析問題并自己去解決問題的能力，也提高了我們各個方面的素質，有利于我們今后更順利地走上工作崗位。 十三.參考文獻 1.《機械設計課程》第八版 濮良貴 紀名剛 主編 高等教育出版社2007年 2.《機械設計課程設計》 李育錫 主編 高等教育出版社2008年 3.《AutoCAD2008機械制圖技術指導書》 王社敏 李建華等主編 電子工業(yè)出版社 2008年 4.《機械原理》第七版 孫桓 陳作模 葛文杰 主編 高等教育出版社年2007年 36 長春理工大學光電信息學院畢業(yè)設計 Introduction to the common speed reducer Device overview：Reducer is the prime mover and work machine independent closed between the transmission device, used to reduce speed and increase torque, in order to meet the job needs, also used for growth in some occasions, known as the accelerator. When choosing reducer should be according to the selection of working machine conditions, technical parameters, the performance of the engine, the factors such as economy, comparing the gabarite of different types and varieties of reducer, transmission efficiency and carrying capacity, quality, price, etc., choose the most suitable speed reducer. Reducer is a relatively sophisticated machinery, the use of its purpose is to reduce rotation speed, increase torque. Structural characteristics of Reducer is mainly composed of transmission parts (gear or worm), shaft, bearing, box and its accessories. Its basic structure has three parts: 1．gear, shaft and bearing combination Pinion and shaft made of an organic whole, gear shaft, this structure is used in the gear shaft and the diameter of the diameter of the weather related, if the diameter of the shaft is d, the gear tooth root circle diameter for df, when df - d 6 ~ 7 mn or less, this structure should be adopted. And when df - d > 6 ~ 7 mn, separated with gear and shaft for the two parts of the structure, such as low speed shaft and large gear. The gear and shaft circumferential fixed flat linkage, shaft parts shaft shoulder, shaft sleeve and bearing cover is used as the axial fixation. Two shaft adopts the deep groove ball bearings. This combination, the less used to bear radial load and axial load. When the axial load is larger, should adopt angular contact ball bearing, taper roller bearing and deep groove ball bearing and thrust bearing of composite structures. Bearing is the use of the gear rotates splashing through the thin oil, lubrication. Box medium oil pool of the lubricating oil, the rotation gear splash splash into the lid on the inner wall of the inner flow box side groove to points, through the oil flow into the bearing. Nu when oiled gear circumferential speed 2 m/s, or less grease lubricated bearings should be adopted, in order to avoid possible wash it splashing through the thin oil lubricating grease, the oil retaining ring can be used to separate it. To prevent loss of lubricating oil and dust into the trunk, between bearing end cover and outrigger shaft equipped with sealing element. 2． body Enclosure is the important part in the reducer parts. It is the base of the transmission parts, should have sufficient strength and rigidity. Cabinet is usually made of grey cast iron, for overloading or cast steel casing impact load reducer can also be used. Monomer production reducer, in order to simplify the process, to reduce the cost, can use steel plate welded box. Gray cast iron has good casting and vibration reduction performance. To facilitate the shafting parts installation and disassembly, made along the axis line horizontal split-casing box body. On the box cover and the lower box body with a bolt connection into a whole. The connecting bolt of the bearing should be close to the bearing hole, and the bearing seat at the side of convex set, should have enough supporting material surface, in order to place the connecting bolt, and to ensure that the wrench to tighten bolts need to space. In order to ensure the body has enough stiffness, plus support rib near the bearing hole. In order to ensure the stability and reduce as much as possible on the basis of speed reducer in the mechanical processing of base plane of the area, the case base is generally not used the complete plane. 3． reducer fittings In order to guarantee the normal work of the speed reducer, in addition to combination of gear, shaft, bearing and the structure design of box body is to give enough attention, also should be considered as reducer oil lubricating oil pool, oil discharge, check the oil level height, processing, maintenance when assembling and disassembling of the box cover and the box of accurate positioning, loading auxiliary parts and components, such as reasonable selection and design. 1) inspection to check the meshing condition of transmission parts, and to infuse lubricating oil contents, should be set in the appropriate location of the box body inspection hole. Inspection hole is located in the top lid can be observed directly on the gear mesh part. Normally, inspection hole of cover plate on the box cover with screws. 2) the ventilator speed reducer is working, the casing temperature, gas expansion pressure, to make overall thermal air free to discharge, to maintain pressure balance inside and outside, not make the lubricating oil or shaft extension along the points box surface seal leakage cracks and other, usually on the top of the box body installed ventilator. 3) bearing cover for the fixed shaft parts of axial position and carry axial load, the bearing hole on both ends with bearing cover closed. Bearing bore of flange type and embedded two kinds. Use hex bolt fixed on the box body, bearing cover is overhang shaft hole, which is equipped with sealing device. Flange type bearing cover has the advantage of tear open outfit, easy to adjust the bearing, but compared with the embedded bearing cover, the number of parts is bigger, the size is bigger, appearance is not smooth. 4) positioning pin every time in order to ensure the container cover, remained bearing hole processing accuracy, should be in before finishing the bearing hole, in the box cover and the box seats on the connecting flange of the locating pin. Placed vertically on both sides of the enclosure on the connecting flange, symmetrical body should be symmetrical arrangement, in order to avoid mistake. 5) oil level indicator to check the oil in the oil pool reducer hight, often maintain oil pool with just the right amount of oil, usually in the box body is convenient for observation, the oil level is relatively stable, installing the oil level indicator. 6) oil drain plug oil change, dirty oil and cleaner emissions, should be in the box seat, at the bottom of the oil pool of the lowest opening oil drain hole location, usually with a screw oil drain plug, oil drain plug and body joint face between gasket shall be leak proof. 7) seal screw for strengthening qi box, usually during assembly on housing subdivision surface coated with sodium silicate or sealant, when remove often due to the cementation close is difficult to open. So often the appropriate placement of the box cover connecting flange, work out ~ 2 screw holes, screwing in enlightening the box with a cylindrical side or flat side box screws. Gyration rev box screws can will cover on top. Small reducer also don't have rev. Cases of screw, when the lid with a screwdriver to pry out of the box cover, and the box can be the same as the size of the screw to the connecting bolt at the flange. Main load Machine with reducer connection work load condition is more complex, has much effect on the speed reducer, is one of the important factors, selection and calculation speed reducer the load state of the work machine (motivation) is the load condition, usually divided into three categories: (1) - even load; (2) - medium impact load; (3) - strong impact load. Design program A, the original design information and data 1． the type of prime mover, specifications, speed, power (or torque), the startup characteristic, short-term overload capacity, the moment of inertia, etc. 2． the type of machine, specifications, use, speed, power (or torque). Working system: the constant load or changing load and variable load load diagram; Rev., braking and short-time overload torque, start frequency; Shock and vibration levels; Direction of rotation, etc. 3．the prime mover for machine and connection way of the reducer, shaft and if there is a radial force and axial force. 4．installation type (reducer and prime mover, the relative position of working machine, vertical and horizontal). 5．transmission ratio and its error is allowed. 6．the size and weight requirements. 7．to the degree of service life, safety and reliability requirements. 8．environmental temperature, dust concentration, air velocity and environmental conditions such as ph value; (if there is a circulating lubrication and cooling conditions, lubrication station) and the limitation on the vibration and noise. 9．to the requirements of operation and control. 10． the source of material, blank, standard parts and inventory. 11．factory manufacturing capabilities. 12．on volume, cost and price requirements. 13, the delivery date. The article in the first four is a prerequisite, other aspects according to conventional design, such as the design life is generally! "Years. Used for important occasions, reliability should be higher. Second, select the type of gear reducer and installation type Three, set at the beginning of each process methods and parameters Selected performance level, set at the beginning of the main parts of the gear and the material, heat treatment, finishing methods, lubrication, and lubrication oil. Fourth, determine the transmission series According to the total transmission ratio, to determine the transmission series and all levels of the transmission ratio. Five, the initial geometry parameters Early calculate gear transmission center distance (or pitch diameter), modulus and other geometric parameters. Six, the overall design scheme Determine the structure of the reducer, shaft size, span and the bearing model, etc. Seven, check Check the strength of the gear, shaft, key load, calculation of bearing life. Eight, lubrication cooling calculation To determine the speed reducer and accessory Ten, gear carburized depth is determined When necessary for tooth form and tooth to fix quantity calculation process data. Eleven, drawing construction drawing In the design should implement national and industry related standards. Using the classification 1． reducer in use can be divided into two categories, general reducer and special reducer, design, manufacture and use of the two characteristics of each are not identical. 70-80 - s of the 20th century, reducer technology has made great development in the world, and closely integrated with the development of new technology revolution. The main types: gear reducer; Worm gear reducer; Gear - worm reducer; Planetary gear reducer. 2．general reducer has a helical gear reducer (including parallel shaft helical gear reducer, worm gear reducer, bevel gear reducer, etc.), planetary gear reducer, cycloid pin wheel reducer, the worm gear and worm reducer, planetary friction type mechanical stepless variable speed machine, and so on. 1) cylindrical gear reducer Single stage level 2, level 2, level 2 above. Decorate a form: expansion, shunt type, coaxial type. 2) cone gear reducer Used for the input shaft and output shaft position into the intersection. 3) worm gear reducer Is mainly used for transmission ratio > 10 occasions, I drive more compact structure. Its defect is low efficiency. Wide application of Archimedes worm gear reducer. 4) gear - worm reducer If gear drive level at high speed, the structure is compact; If worm transmission at high speed, high efficiency. 5) planetary gear reducer With a range of high transmission efficiency, transmission ratio, transmission power is 12 w ~ 50000 kw, small volume and weight 3．common types of reducer 1) the main characteristics of worm gear and worm reducer is a reverse self-locking function, can have a large reduction ratio, the input shaft and output shaft is not in the same axis, is not in the same plane. But generally larger, transmission efficiency is not high, the accuracy is not high. 2) harmonic reducer harmonic drive is to use the elastic deformation of flexible components controlled to transfer movement and power, small size, high precision, but the disadvantage is that soft wheel life is limited, don't impact resistance, rigidity compared with metal parts. Input speed cannot be too high. 3) planetary gear reducer, its advantage is more compact in structure, return clearance is small, high precision, long service life, rated output torque can do a lot of. But the price a little expensive. Reducer: in short, generally after the machine power in design and manufacture, the rated power will not change, at this time, the greater the speed, the smaller is the torque (or torque); Speed is smaller, the greater the torque. The transmission ratio distribution principle 1． to make the bearing capacity of transmission at all levels are equal; 2． make all levels of transmission gear oil immersion depth is roughly similar in; 3．minimize the reducer for the shape of the size or weight, etc Model selection As far as possible choose close to ideal reduction ratio: Reduction ratio = / servo motor speed reducer output shaft speed Torque calculation: For the life of the reducer, torque calculation is very important, and should pay attention to the maximum torque value of the acceleration (TP), which is super Maximum load torque of reducer. Apply power is usually the servo on market model for power, the applicability of the speed reducer is very high, can remain above 1.2 coefficient of work, but in use can also with their own needs to decide: There are two main points: A. choose servo motor output maximum diameter of axle diameter of axle is not greater than form. B. If the computed torque, rotational speed can meet the normal operation, but in the net output servo have insufficient phenomenon, we can in the motor drive, do current limit control, or on the mechanical shaft torque protection, it is very necessary. Installation method The correct installation, use and maintenance of the reducer, it is an important link in ensure the normal operation of machinery and equipment. When you install reducer, therefore, please be sure to use related matters in strict accordance with the following installation, assembly and use seriously. The first step is to install before confirm the motor and reducer are intact, and strict inspection of motor and reducer connected each part size matches, here is the positioning convex table of the machine, input shaft and gear reducer groove size and tolerance, etc. The second step is to unscrew the gear reducer dustproof holes on flange lateral screw, adjust the clamping ring dustproof holes and side holes to make it align with each other, and insert the socket head screw. After taking the motor shaft key. The third step is to connect the motor and the reducer nature. Connection must be to ensure the output gear reducer input shaft and motor shaft concentricity is consistent, and the outer flange is parallel. Such as concentricity is inconsistent, can lead to broken motor shaft or reducer gear wear and tear. Check the maintenance Different lubricant mixed ban each other. Oil level screw, oil drain plug and the location of the ventilator is determined by the installation position. Their relative position refer to the installation drawing to determine that speed reducer. One, the oil level check Cut off the power supply, prevent to get an electric shock! Waiting for reducer cooling! Remove the oil level screw check filled with oil. Install the oil level screw. Second, the check of oil Cut off the power supply, prevent to get an electric shock! Waiting for reducer cooling! Open the oil plug, pick up sample. Check the oil viscosity index - if oil significantly turbidity, it is recommended that the replacement as soon as possible. To bring oil level screw speed reducer - check the oil level, whether qualified - the installation of oil level screw 3．the oil replacement After cooling oil viscosity increases with difficulty, reducer should be under the running temperature oil change. Cut off the power supply, prevent to get an electric shock! Waiting for reducer cooled down no burning danger! Note: when an oil change speed reducer should still keep warm. Under the oil drain screw one by oil pan. Open the oil level screw, ventilator and oil drain plug. All the oil out. Install drain plug. Injection with brand new oil. Oil shall conform to the installation location. Check the oil level in the oil level screw. Tighten the oil level screw and ventilator. Failure to solve Speed reducer leakage oil cause analysis and solution Analysis of the causes 1．the pressure inside the tank In closed reducer, each pair of gears meshing friction will emit heat, according to the Boyle trails by specific law, as the lengthen of running time, the deceleration box temperature gradually raised, and the reduction volume inside the case, so the pressure increase, in the case of lubricating oil splash, sprinkle on the inner wall of the deceleration box. Because the permeability of oil is strong, the overall pressure, which a seal is lax and the oil bleeding out from where. 2．the structure of the speed reducer design is not reasonable cause oil leakage Such as design of reducer without ventilation hood, pressure reducer can not be achieved, in the pressure more and more high, oil leakage occurs. 3．amount to much Reducer in the process of operation, oil pool was badly agitation, lubricating oil splash around in the machine, if the amount is overmuch, make a lot of the place such as lubricating oil accumulation in the shaft seal, joint surface and lead to leakage. 4．improper maintenance technology In equipment maintenance, due to the combined surface dirt removal is not complete, or sealant improper selection, seal, not timely replacement of seals, etc way can also cause oil leakage. Treatment scheme Governance using polymer composite materials to repair speed reducer leakage oil, polymer composite materials based on polymer, metal or ceramic powder, fiber and other materials for, under the action of curing agent, curing catalyst of composite materials. All kinds of material in performance from each other each other, to produce synergistic effect, the comprehensive performance is better than the original ingredients of composite materials. Have extremely strong sticky relay, mechanical properties, and chemical corrosion resistance and other performance, and therefore is widely used in metal equipment, mechanical wear, scratches, pits, cracks, leakage, repair such as casting sand holes, and chemistry of chemical storage tank, reaction tank, pipe anti-corrosion protection and restoration. For reducer static seal leakage point can use the ka wah polymer composite materials and technology field leakage of governance, without disassembly, polymer composite materials in the leakage of external governance, save time and effort, the effect is immediate, the product has excellent adhesion, oil resistance, and 350% of the tensile strength, overcome the impact of reducer vibration, well solved for many years for the enterprise is unable to solve the problem. If reducer running in static seal leak, the oil level of emergency repairing adhesive available surface engineering technologies NianDu, so as to achieve the aim of eliminate oil leakage. Development trend 1．high level and high performance. Widely used cylindrical gear carburizing and quenching, grinding, carrying capacity increased by more than 4 times, small volume, light weight, low noise, high efficiency and high reliability. 2．modular combination design. Basic parameters using priority number, size, parts versatility and interchangeability, series of easy to expand and newer, conducive to tissue mass production and reduce cost. 3．style diversification, variant design. To get rid of the traditional single base installation, added a hollow shaft mounted, floating bearing base, motor and reducer one-piece, different types, such as multiple mounting surface