喜歡這套資料就充值下載吧。。。資源目錄里展示的都可在線預覽哦。。。下載后都有，，請放心下載，，文件全都包含在內(nèi)，，【有疑問咨詢QQ:414951605 或 1304139763】

編號： 　畢業(yè)設計(論文)任務書 題 目： 時尚藝術塑料板凳注塑模具設計 學　　院： 國防生學院 專 業(yè)： 機械設計制造及其自動化 學生姓名： 陳玉成 學 號： 1000110101 指導教師單位： 機電工程學院 姓 名： 曹泰山 職 稱： 講師 題目類型：¨理論研究 ¨實驗研究 t工程設計 ¨工程技術研究 ¨軟件開發(fā) 2013年12月9日 一、畢業(yè)設計（論文）的內(nèi)容 1、查找相關的資料并閱讀消化，明確時尚藝術塑料板凳注塑模具設計要求，分析該塑料制品成型工藝及其可能性和經(jīng)濟性等因素，對零件圖紙進行結(jié)構(gòu)和工藝分析，設計成型工藝； 2、掌握成型設備的技術規(guī)范，進行模具結(jié)構(gòu)設計及模具設計的有關計算； 3、模具總體尺寸的設計與結(jié)構(gòu)草圖的繪制，模具結(jié)構(gòu)總裝圖和零件工作圖的設計繪制； 4、編制主要零件的制造工藝。 二、畢業(yè)設計（論文）的要求與數(shù)據(jù) 1、時尚藝術塑料板凳形狀特點確定其注塑模的方案設計； 2、該塑料制品的設計難點是抽芯機構(gòu)的設計； 3、確定其使用的材料為塑料； 4、制品的具體尺寸請測繪出圖； 5、塑件成型時無變形，注出的制件表面光滑，無氣泡和其它缺陷，無飛邊或少飛邊。 三、畢業(yè)設計（論文）應完成的工作 1、完成注塑模的總體方案設計，完成開題報告。 2、進行模具結(jié)構(gòu)設計并選用標準件，完成零件間的配給選用及相關的設計計算。 3、用A0圖紙繪制裝配圖，采用CAD軟件繪制零件圖，繪圖工作量折合A0圖紙3張以上，其中必須包含兩張A3以上的計算機繪圖圖紙，用PRO/E 軟件對塑件和模具進行實體造型。 4、完成二萬字左右的畢業(yè)設計說明書（論文）；在畢業(yè)設計說明書（論文）中必須包括300-500個單詞詳細的英文摘要； 5、獨立完成與課題相關，不少于四萬字符的指定英文資料翻譯（附英文原文）； 6、完成導師所指定的其它工作。 四、應收集的資料及主要參考文獻 [1] 屈華昌.塑料成型工藝與模具設計[M].北京:機械工業(yè)出版社，2002. [2] 模具實用技術叢書編委會．模具實用技術注塑模具設計制造與應用實例[M]．北京:機械工業(yè)出版社，2002. [3] 顏智偉.塑料模具設計與機構(gòu)設計[M].北京：國防工業(yè)出版社，2006. [4] 姜明艷.薄壁外殼注塑模設計[J]. 北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2002. [5] 王文廣等.塑料注射模具設計技巧與實例[M].北京：化學工業(yè)出版社，2004. [6] 模具實用技術叢書編委會.塑料模具設計制造與應用實例[M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2002. [7] 李學鋒. 塑料模設計及制造[M]北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2002.6 [8]〔德〕G.曼格斯，李玉泉譯.塑料注射成型模具的設計和制造[M].北京輕工出版社,2005. [9]譚雪松, 林曉新, 溫麗. 新編塑料模具設計手冊[M]北京：人民郵電出版社，2007. [10] Childs Peter R.N．Mechanical Design[J]．Oxford :Butterworth-Heinemann，2003. 五、試驗、測試、試制加工所需主要儀器設備及條件 計算機一臺 CAD設計軟件 任務下達時間： 2013年12月9日 畢業(yè)設計開始與完成時間： 2013年12月9日至 2014年05 月4日 組織實施單位： 教研室主任意見： 簽字： 2013年12月14日 院領導小組意見： 簽字： 2013 年12月16日 編號： 畢業(yè)設計(論文)外文翻譯 （原文） 學 院： 國防生學院 專 業(yè)： 機械設計制造及其自動化 學生姓名： 陳玉成 學 號： 1000110101 指導教師單位： 機電工程學院 姓 名： 曹泰山 職 稱： 講 師 2014年 3 月 9 日 第 17 頁 共 18 頁 桂林電子科技大學畢業(yè)設計（論文）說明書用紙 A METHODOLOGY FOR THE DESIGN OF EFFECTIVE COOLING SYSTEM IN INJECTION MOULDING Int J Mater Form (2010) Vol. 3 Suppl 1:13– 16 DOI10.1007/s12289-010-0695-2 Springer-VerlagFrance2010 ABSTRACT In thermoplastic injection molding, part quality and cycle time depend strongly on the cooling stage. Numerous strategies have been investigated in order to determine the cooling conditions which minimize undesired defects such as war page and differential shrinkage. In this paper we propose a methodology for the optimal design of the cooling system. Based on geometrical analysis, the cooling line is defined by using conformal cooling concept. It defines the locations of the cooling channels. We only focus on the distribution and intensity of the fluid temperature along the cooling line which is here fixed. We formulate the determination of this temperature distribution, as the minimization of an objective function composed of two terms. It is shown how this two antagonist terms have to be weighted to make the best compromise. The expected result is an improvement of the part quality in terms of shrinkage and war page. KEYWORDS: Inverse problem；heat transfer；injection molding；Cooling design 1. INTRODUCTION In the field of plastic industry, thermoplastic injection molding is widely used. The process is composed of four essential stages: mould cavity filling, melt packing, solidification of the part and ejection. Around seventy per cent of the total time of the process is dedicated to the cooling of the part. Moreover this phase impacts directly on the quality of the part [1] [2]. As a consequence, the part must be cooled as uniformly as possible so that undesired defects such as sink marks, warpage, shrinkage, thermal residual stresses are minimized. The most influent parameters to achieve these objectives are the cooling time, the number, the location and the size of the channels, the temperature of the coolant fluid and the heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and the inner surface of the channels. The cooling system design was primarily based on the experience of the designer but the development of new rapid prototyping process makes possible to manufacture very complex channel shapes what makes this empirical former method inadequate. So the design of the cooling system must be formulated as an optimization problem. 1.1 HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS The study of heat transfer conduction in injection tools is a non linear problem due to the dependence of parameters to the temperature. However thermo physical parameters of the mould such as thermal conductivity and heat capacity remain constant in the considered temperature range. In addition the effect of polymer crystallization is often neglected and thermal contact resistance between the mould and the part is considered more often as constant. The evolution of the temperature field is obtained by solving the Fourier’s equation with periodic boundary conditions. This evolution can be split in two parts: a cyclic part and an average transitory part. The cyclic part is often ignored because the depth of thermal penetration does not affect significantly the temperature field [3].Many authors used an average cyclic analysis which simplifies the calculus, but the fluctuations around the average can be comprised between 15% and 40% [3].The closer of the part the channels are, the higher the fluctuations around the average are. Hence in that configuration it becomes very important to model the transient heat transfer even in stationary periodic state. In this study, the periodic transient analysis of temperature will be preferred to the average cycle time analysis. It should be noticed that in practice the design of the cooling system is the last step for the tool design. Nevertheless cooling being of primary importance for the quality of the part, the thermal design should be one of the first stages of the design of the tools. 1.2 OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN MOULDING In the literature, various optimization procedures have been used but all focused on the same objectives. Tang et al. [4] used an optimization process to obtain a uniform temperature distribution in the part which gives the smallest gradient and the minimal cooling time.Huang [5] tried to obtain uniform temperature distribution in the part and high production efficiency i.e. a minimal cooling time. Lin [6] summarized the objectives of the mould designer in 3 facts. Cool the part the most uniformly, achieve a desired mould temperature so that the next part can be injected and minimize the cycle time. The optimal cooling system configuration is a compromise between uniformity and cycle time. Indeed the longer the distance between the mould surface cavity and the cooling channels is, the higher the uniformity of the temperature distribution will be [6]. Inversely, the shorter the distance is, the faster the heat is removed from the polymer. However non uniform temperatures at the mould surface can lead to defects in the part. The control parameters to get these objectives are then the location and the size of the channels, the coolant fluid flow rate and the fluid temperature. Two kinds of methodology are employed. The first one consists in finding the optimal location of the channels in order to minimize an objective function [4] [7]. The second approach is based on a conformal cooling line.Lin [6] defines a cooling line representing the envelop of the part where the cooling channels are located. Optimal conditions (location on the cooling and size of the channels) are searched on this cooling line. Xu et al. [8] go further and cut the part in cooling cells and perform the optimization on each cooling cell. 1.3 COMPUTATIONAL ALGORITHMS To compute the solution, numerical methods are needed. The heat transfer analysis is performed either by boundary elements [7] or finite elements method [4].The main advantage of the first one is that the number of unknowns to be computed is lower than with finite elements. Only the boundaries of the problem are meshed hence the time spent to compute the solution is shorter than with finite elements. However this method only provides results on the boundaries of the problem. In this study a finite element method is preferred because temperatures history inside the part is needed to formulate the optimal problem. To compute optimal parameters which minimize the objective function Tang et al. [4] use the Powell’s conjugate direction search method. Mathey et al. [7] use the Sequential Quadratic Programming which is a method based on gradients. It can be found not only deterministic methods but also evolutionary methods.Huang et al. [5] use a genetic algorithm to reach the solution. This last kind of algorithm is very time consuming because it tries a lot of range of solution. In practice time spent for mould design must be minimized hence a deterministic method (conjugate gradient) which reaches an acceptable local solution more rapidly is preferred. 2 METHODOLOGY 2.1 GOALS The methodology described in this paper is applied to optimize the cooling system design of a T-shaped part (Figure 1). This shape is encountered in many papers so comparison can easily be done in particularly with Tang et al. [4]. Based on a morphological analysis of the part, two surfaces Γ1 and Γ3 are introduced respectively as the erosion and the dilation (cooling line) of the part (Figure 1). The boundary condition of the heat conduction problem along the cooling line Γ3 is a third kind condition with infinite temperatures fixed as fluid temperatures. The optimization consists in finding these fluid temperatures. Using a cooling line prevents to choose the number and size of cooling channels before optimization is carried out. This represents an important advantage in case of complex parts where the location of channels is not intuitive. The location of the erosion line in the part corresponds to the minimum solidified thickness of polymer at the end of cooling stage so that ejectors can remove the part from the mould without damages. Figure 1 : Half T-shaped geometry 2.2 OBJECTIVE FUNCTION In cooling system optimization, the part quality should be of primarily importance. Because the minimum cooling time of the process is imposed by the thickness and the material properties of the part, it is important to reach the optimal quality in the given time. The fluid temperature impacts directly the temperature of the mould and the part, and for turbulent fluid flow the only control parameter is the cooling fluid temperature. In the following, the parameter to be optimized is the fluid temperature and the determination of the optimal distribution around the part is formulated as the minimization of an objective function S composed of two terms computed at the end of the cooling period (Equation (1)). The goal of the first term S1 is to reach a temperature level along the erosion of the part. 3 CONCLUSIONS In this paper, an optimization method was developed to determine the temperature distribution on a cooling line to obtain a uniform temperature field in the part which leads to the smallest gradient and the minimal cooling time. The methodology was compared with those found in the literature and showed its efficiency and benefits. Notably it does not require specifying a priori the number of cooling channels. Further work will consist in deciding a posteriori the minimal number of channels needed to match the solution given by the optimal fluid temperature profile. An integrated framework for die and mold cost estimation using design features and tooling parameters Received: 5 August 2003 / Accepted: 6 January 2004 / Published online: 2 February 2005 Springer-Vela London Limited 2005 Abstract Tooling is an essential element of near net shape manufacturing processes such as injection molding and die casting, where it may account for over 25% of the total product cost and development time, especially when order quantity is small. Development of rapid and low cost tooling, combined with a scientist approach to mold cost estimation and control, has therefore become essential. This paper presents an integrated methodology for die and mold cost estimation, based on the concept of cost drivers and cost moodier. Cost drivers include the geometric features of cavity and core, handled by analytical cost estimation approach to estimate the basic mold cost. Cost moodier include tooling parameters such as parting line, presence of side core(s), surface texture, ejector mechanism and die material, contributing to the total mold cost. The methodology has been implemented and tested using 13 industrial examples. The average deviation was 0.40%. The model is edible and can be easily implemented for estimating the cost of a variety of molds and dies by customizing the cost moodier using quality function deployment approach, which is also described in this paper. Keywords：Cost estimation; Die casting; Injection molding; Quality function deployment。 1 Introduction Product life cycles today are typically less than half of those in the 1980s, owing to the frequent entry of new products with more features into the market. Manufacturing competitiveness is measured in terms of shorter lead-time to market, without scribing quality and cost. One way to reduce the lead-time is by employing near net shape (NNS) manufacturing processes, such as injection molding and die casting, which involve fewer steps to obtain the desired shape. However, the tooling (die or mold), which is an essential element of NNS manufacturing, consumes considerable resources in terms of cost, time and expertise. A typical die casting die or plastic injection mold is made in two halves: moving and axed which butt together during mold ling and move apart during part ejection. The construction of a typical cold chamber pressure die casting die is shown in Fig. 1. The main functional elements of the die and mold include the core and cavity, which impart the desired geometry to the incoming melt. These may be manufactured as single blocks or built-up with a number of inserts. The secondary elements include the feeding system, ejection system, side core actuators and fasteners. The feeding system comprising of spree bush, runner, gate and overawe enables the town of melt from machine nozzle to mold cavity. The ejector mechanism is used for ejecting the molded part from the core or cavity. All the above elements are housed in a mold base set, comprising of support blocks, guides and other elements. Part-specie elements, including core and cavity and feeding system are manufactured in a tool room. Other elements are available as standard accessories from vendors. Mold assembly and functional trials are conducted by experienced toolmakers in consultation with tool designers. Fig. 1. Construction of a typical pressure diecasting die The tooling industry is presently dominated by Japan, Germany, USA, Canada, Korea, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Singapore and India. The major users of tooling include automobiles, electronics, consumer goods and electrical equipment sectors. Plastic molds account for the major share of tooling industry. About 60% of tool rooms belong to small and medium scale industries worldwide [1]. The tooling requirement is over US$ 600 million per year in India alone, with an annual growth rate of over 10% during the last decade. In India, the share of different types of molds and dies is: plastic molds 33%, sheet metal punches and dies 31%, die casting dies 13%, jigs & stores 13%, and gauges 10% [2]. The tooling industry is increasingly facing the pressure to reduce the time and cost of die and mold development, offer better accuracy and surface knish, provide edibility to accommodate future design changes and meet the requirements of shorter production runs. To meet these requirements, new technologies like high speed machining, hardened steel machining, process modeling, tooling design automation, concurrent engineering, rapid prototyping and rapid tooling have been applied. For successful operations and to maintain the competitive edge, it is necessary to establish quantitative methods for cost estimation. Our current research aims at developing a systematic and integrated framework for development of rapid hard tooling (dies and molds) for injection molding and pressure die-casting applications. The necessity of a systematic cost estimation model for comparative evaluation of different routes to tooling development motivated us to review the existing models, presented in the next section, followed by our proposed methodology. 2 Previous works There is considerable similarity in cost estimation approaches used for product and tooling as reported in technical literature. These approaches can be classed into vet groups: intuitive, analogical, analytical, geometric feature based and parametric based methods, briery reviewed here. In the intuitive method, the accuracy of cost estimation depends on the cost appraiser’s experience and interpretations. The estimation is usually performed in consultation with the tool designer. The estimator acquires the wisdom and intuition concerning the costs through long association with dies and mold development. This method is still in practice in small workshops and tool rooms. In the analogical method, the cost of die and mold is estimated based on similarity coefficients of previous dies and molds manufactured by the rm. In this technique, dies are coded considering factors such as die size, die material, complexity, ejector and gating mechanism. The appraiser starts by comparing the new die design with the closest match among all previous designs. The basic hypotheses are: similar problems have similar solutions, and reuse is more practical than problem solving from scratch [3]. However, this approach, also referred to as case based reasoning, requires a complete case base and an appropriate retrieval system, which has not been reported for die and mold cost estimation so far. In the analytical cost estimation, the entire manufacturing activity is decomposed into elementary tasks, and each task is associated with an empirical equation to calculate the Manufacturing cost. For example, a common equation for machining cost is： Machining cost = (cutting length / feed per minute) × Machine operation cost. Wilson (quoted in [4, Chap. 6, p. 121]) suggested a mathematical model for incorporating a geometric complexity factor in turning and milling operations, given by: di = i th dimension of feature ti = corresponding dimensional tolerance N = total number of dimensions. This is explained with the help of an example later. Another method called activity based costing (ABC) involves applying the analytical method to all steps in manufacturing a given product, to estimate the resources (material, labor and energy) involved in each step. Such a detailed approach for various processes, including casting has been developed by Crease [5]. In tool rooms, this approach is used in the case of dies with complex cavity geometry. The sources of mold cost can be divided into three categories: mold base cost, functional elements (core, cavity inserts) cost and secondary elements cost. In each category, the time needed to obtain the desired geometry by machining is considered as a reference for costing [4]. As can be expected, establishing and validating the costing equation, as well as using it in practice, are cumbersome tasks. In the feature based method, mold geometric features (cylinder, slot, hole, rib, etc.) are used as the cost drivers. The die manufacturing cost is then estimated using either empirical equations or tools such as knowledge-based systems and arterial neural networks. Chen and Liu [6] used the feature recognition method to evaluate a new injection molded product design for its cost effectiveness. They assumed that a product is an aggregation of a set of features and feature relationships. These feature relationships were mapped to convert a part feature into mold related cost evaluations. Chin and Wong [7] used decision tables linked to a knowledge base to estimate injection mold cost. In the parametric cost estimation, technical, physical or functional parameters are used as basis for cost evaluation. This method allows one to proceed from technical values characterizing the product (available with design engineers) to economic data. Sandarac and Maslekar [8] used regression model approach in injection mold cost estimation. Lowe and Walshe [9] used labor involvement in injection mold making as a reference; mold cost was estimated using linear regression analysis. To summarize, cost similarity and cost functions (cost factors) are the two sets of methods for estimating the mold cost. In the rest set, similarity between a new mold and a previous mold developed in the tool rooms is used as a reference. Intuitive and analogical methods fall under this category. In the widely used intuitive method, the cost appraiser may not be in a position to identify all the risk factors and to quantify many of them. The analogical method can be successfully used for estimating the cost of die bases and other secondary elements where grouping is much easier. However, in the case of functional elements (core and cavity), grouping becomes a difficult task as their geometry, machining sequence and tolerance greatly vary with product design. In the second set of methods, the dependency between the mold cost and its drivers are expre