減速器-圓錐圓柱二級(jí)齒輪減速器設(shè)計(jì)【F=2710N V=1.8ms D=250mm】
減速器-圓錐圓柱二級(jí)齒輪減速器設(shè)計(jì)【F=2710N V=1.8ms D=250mm】,F=2710N V=1.8ms D=250mm,減速器-圓錐圓柱二級(jí)齒輪減速器設(shè)計(jì)【F=2710N,V=1.8ms,D=250mm】,減速器,圓錐,圓柱,二級(jí),齒輪,設(shè)計(jì),ms,mm,妹妹
機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)課程設(shè)計(jì)
圓錐圓柱二級(jí)齒輪減速器【F=2710N V=1.8 D=250】
計(jì)算說(shuō)明書(shū)
指導(dǎo)教師
院 系
班 級(jí)
學(xué) 號(hào)
姓 名
目 錄
設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)……………………………………………………3
傳動(dòng)方案的擬訂及說(shuō)明………………………………………3
電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇…………………………………………………3
計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)……………………………5
齒輪傳動(dòng)件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算………………………………………7
軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算………………………………………………..16
滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇及計(jì)算……………………………………..38
鍵聯(lián)接的選擇及校核計(jì)算…………………………………..42
聯(lián)軸器的選擇………………………………………………..43
減速器附件的選擇…………………………………………..44
潤(rùn)滑與密封…………………………………………………...44
設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié)……………………………………………………...46
參考資料……………………………………………………...47
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
一、 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)
設(shè)計(jì)一用于帶式運(yùn)輸機(jī)上的圓錐圓柱齒輪減速器,已知帶式運(yùn)輸機(jī)輸送帶工作拉力F=2710N,帶速v=1.8m/s,卷筒直徑D=250mm,輸送機(jī)常溫下經(jīng)常滿載,空載起動(dòng),連續(xù)單向運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),載荷較平穩(wěn)。工作壽命10年(設(shè)每年工作300天),一班制。簡(jiǎn)圖如下:
(圖2)
由圖可知,該設(shè)備原動(dòng)機(jī)為電動(dòng)機(jī),傳動(dòng)裝置為減速器,減速器為兩級(jí)展開(kāi)式圓錐—圓柱齒輪減速器
二、傳動(dòng)方案的擬訂及說(shuō)明
計(jì)算驅(qū)動(dòng)卷筒的轉(zhuǎn)速
選用同步轉(zhuǎn)速為1000r/min或1500r/min的電動(dòng)機(jī)作為原動(dòng)機(jī),因此傳動(dòng)裝置總傳動(dòng)比約為13。根據(jù)總傳動(dòng)比數(shù)值,可擬定以下傳動(dòng)方案:
圖一
三、 選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)
1)電動(dòng)機(jī)類型和結(jié)構(gòu)型式
按工作要求和工作條件,選用一般用途的Y(IP44)系列三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)。它為臥式封閉結(jié)構(gòu)。
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
2)電動(dòng)機(jī)容量
(1)卷筒的輸出功率
(2)電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出功率
傳動(dòng)裝置的總效率
查表2-1,取一對(duì)軸承效率軸承=0.99,錐齒輪傳動(dòng)效率錐齒輪=0.96,斜齒圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)效率齒輪=0.97,聯(lián)軸器效率聯(lián)=0.99,得電動(dòng)機(jī)到工作機(jī)間的總效率為
故
(3)電動(dòng)機(jī)額定功率
由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表20-1選取電動(dòng)機(jī)額定功率。
3)電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速
推算電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速可選范圍,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表2-1查得單級(jí)圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)比范圍,圓錐齒輪傳動(dòng)比范圍,則電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速可選范圍為:
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
初選同步轉(zhuǎn)速分別為1000r/min和1500r/min的兩種電動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行比較,如下表:
方案
電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)
額定功率(kw)
電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min)
電動(dòng)機(jī)質(zhì)量(kg)
總傳動(dòng)比
同步
滿載
1
Y132M2-6
5.5
1000
960
119
6.98
2
Y132S-4
5.5
1500
1440
68
10.47
兩方案均可行,選定方案二 ,結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸相對(duì)較大,能適合卷筒相對(duì)重載的工況,選定電動(dòng)機(jī)的型號(hào)為Y132S-4
4)電動(dòng)機(jī)的技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)和外形,安裝尺寸
由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表20-1、表20-2查得主要數(shù)據(jù),并記錄備用。
四、計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)
1)傳動(dòng)裝置總傳動(dòng)比
2)分配各級(jí)傳動(dòng)比
因?yàn)槭菆A錐圓柱齒輪減速器,所以
那么
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
3)各軸轉(zhuǎn)速(軸號(hào)見(jiàn)圖一)
4)各軸輸入功率
按電動(dòng)機(jī)所需功率計(jì)算各軸輸入功率,即
5)各軸轉(zhuǎn)矩
項(xiàng)目
軸1
軸2
軸3
軸4
軸5
轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min)
1440
1440
516.13
137.63
137.63
功率(kw)
5.5
5.39
5.17
4.97
4.91
轉(zhuǎn)矩(N*m)
36.48
35.75
95.66
344.86
340.70
傳動(dòng)比
1
1
2.79
3.75
1
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
五、傳動(dòng)件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
圓錐直齒輪設(shè)計(jì)
已知輸入功率,小齒輪轉(zhuǎn)速1440r/min,齒數(shù)比u=2.79,由電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),工作壽命10年(設(shè)每年工作300天),一班制,輸送機(jī)工作經(jīng)常滿載,空載起動(dòng),工作平穩(wěn)。
1、 選定齒輪精度等級(jí)、材料及齒數(shù)
1) 圓錐圓柱齒輪減速器為通用減速器,速度不高,故選用7級(jí)精度(GB10095-88)
2) 材料選擇 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表10-1選擇小齒輪材料為(調(diào)質(zhì)),硬度為280HBS,大齒輪材料為45鋼(調(diào)質(zhì)),硬度為240HBS。
3) 選小齒輪齒數(shù),大齒輪齒數(shù),取整。則
2、 按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)
由設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行試算,即
(1) 確定公式內(nèi)的各計(jì)算數(shù)值
1) 試選載荷系數(shù)
2) 計(jì)算小齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)矩
3) 選齒寬系數(shù)
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
4)由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖10-21d按齒面硬度查得小齒輪的接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度極限,大齒輪的接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度極限
5)由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表10-6查得材料的彈性影響系數(shù)
6) 計(jì)算應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)
7) 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖10-19取接觸疲勞壽命系數(shù)
8) 計(jì)算接觸疲勞許用應(yīng)力
取失效概率為1%,安全系數(shù)S=1,得
(2) 計(jì)算
1) 試算小齒輪分度圓直徑,代入中較小的值
2) 計(jì)算圓周速度v
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
3) 計(jì)算載荷系數(shù)
根據(jù),7級(jí)精度,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖10-8查得動(dòng)載系數(shù)
直齒輪
由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表10-2查得使用系數(shù)
根據(jù)大齒輪兩端支撐,小齒輪作懸臂布置,查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表得軸承系數(shù),則
接觸強(qiáng)度載荷系數(shù)
4) 按實(shí)際的載荷系數(shù)校正所算得的分度圓直徑,得
5) 計(jì)算模數(shù)m
取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
6) 計(jì)算齒輪相關(guān)參數(shù)
7) 圓整并確定齒寬
圓整取,
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
3、 校核齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度
1) 確定彎曲強(qiáng)度載荷系數(shù)
2) 計(jì)算當(dāng)量齒數(shù)
3) 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表10-5查得齒形系數(shù)
應(yīng)力校正系數(shù)
4) 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖20-20c查得小齒輪的彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度極限,大齒輪的彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度極限
5) 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖10-18取彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù)
6) 計(jì)算彎曲疲勞許用應(yīng)力
取彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù),得
7)校核彎曲強(qiáng)度
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
根據(jù)彎曲強(qiáng)度條件公式進(jìn)行校核
滿足彎曲強(qiáng)度,所選參數(shù)合適。
圓柱斜齒輪設(shè)計(jì)
已知輸入功率,小齒輪轉(zhuǎn)速516.13r/min,齒數(shù)比u=3.75,由電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),工作壽命10年(設(shè)每年工作300天),一班制,帶式輸送機(jī)工作經(jīng)常滿載,空載起動(dòng),工作平穩(wěn)。
1、 選定齒輪精度等級(jí)、材料及齒數(shù)
1) 圓錐圓柱齒輪減速器為通用減速器,速度不高,故選用7級(jí)精度(GB10095-88)
2) 材料選擇 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表10-1選擇大小齒輪材料均為45鋼(調(diào)質(zhì)),小齒輪齒面硬度為250HBS,大齒輪齒面硬度為220HBS。
3) 選小齒輪齒數(shù),大齒輪齒數(shù)取
4) 選取螺旋角。初選螺旋角
2、按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)
,
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
由設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行試算,即
(1) 確定公式內(nèi)的各計(jì)算數(shù)值
1) 試選載荷系數(shù)
2) 計(jì)算小齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)矩
3) 選齒寬系數(shù)
4) 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖10-30選取區(qū)域系數(shù)
5) 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖10-26查得,,則
6) 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表10-6查得材料的彈性影響系數(shù)
7) 計(jì)算應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)
8) 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖10-21d按齒面硬度查得小齒輪的接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度極限,大齒輪的接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度極限
9) 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖10-19取接觸疲勞壽命系數(shù)
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
10)計(jì)算接觸疲勞許用應(yīng)力
取失效概率為1%,安全系數(shù)S=1,得
(2)計(jì)算
1)試算小齒輪分度圓直徑,由計(jì)算公式得
2) 計(jì)算圓周速度v
3) 計(jì)算齒寬b及模數(shù)
4) 計(jì)算縱向重合度
5)計(jì)算載荷系數(shù)
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
根據(jù),7級(jí)精度,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖10-8查得動(dòng)載系數(shù)
由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表10-3查得
由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表10-2查得使用系數(shù)
由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表10-13查得
由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表10-4查得
接觸強(qiáng)度載荷系數(shù)
6)按實(shí)際的載荷系數(shù)校正所算得的分度圓直徑,得
7) 計(jì)算模數(shù)
取
8) 幾何尺寸計(jì)算
(1) 計(jì)算中心距
取得
(2) 按圓整后的中心距修正螺旋角
因值改變不多,故參數(shù)、等不必修正
(3)計(jì)算大小齒輪的分度圓直徑
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
(4)計(jì)算齒輪寬度
圓整后取
3、 校核齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度
1) 確定彎曲強(qiáng)度載荷系數(shù)
2) 根據(jù)重合度,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖10-28查得螺旋角影響系數(shù)
3) 計(jì)算當(dāng)量齒數(shù)
4)由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表10-5查得齒形系數(shù)
應(yīng)力校正系數(shù)
5) 由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖20-20c查得小齒輪的彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度極限,大齒輪的彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度極限
6)由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》圖10-18取彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù)
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
7) 計(jì)算彎曲疲勞許用應(yīng)力
取彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù),得
8) 校核彎曲強(qiáng)度
根據(jù)彎曲強(qiáng)度條件公式進(jìn)行校核
滿足彎曲強(qiáng)度,所選參數(shù)合適。
六、軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
輸入軸設(shè)計(jì)
1、求輸入軸上的功率、轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)矩
2、求作用在齒輪上的力
已知高速級(jí)小圓錐齒輪的分度圓半徑為
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
而
圓周力、徑向力及軸向力的方向如圖二所示
圖二
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
3、 初步確定軸的最小直徑
先初步估算軸的最小直徑。選取軸的材料為45鋼(調(diào)質(zhì)),根據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表15-3,取,得,輸入軸的最小直徑為安裝聯(lián)軸器的直徑,為了使所選的軸直徑與聯(lián)軸器的孔徑相適應(yīng),故需同時(shí)選取聯(lián)軸器型號(hào)。
聯(lián)軸器的計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩,查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表14-1,由于轉(zhuǎn)矩變化很小,故取,則
查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表17-4,選HL1型彈性柱銷聯(lián)軸器,其公稱轉(zhuǎn)矩為160000,半聯(lián)軸器的孔徑,故取,半聯(lián)軸器長(zhǎng)度,半聯(lián)軸器與軸配合的轂孔長(zhǎng)度為38mm。
4、 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
(1) 擬定軸上零件的裝配方案(見(jiàn)圖三)
圖三
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
(2) 根據(jù)軸向定位的要求確定軸的各段直徑和長(zhǎng)度
1) 為了滿足半聯(lián)軸器的軸向定位,1-2軸段右端需制出一軸肩,故取2-3段的直徑
2) 初步選擇滾動(dòng)軸承。因軸承同時(shí)受有徑向力和軸向力,故選用單列圓錐滾子軸承,參照工作要求并根據(jù),由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表15-7中初步選取0基本游隙組,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)精度級(jí)的單列圓錐滾子軸承30306,其尺寸為,,而。
這對(duì)軸承均采用軸肩進(jìn)行軸向定位,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表15-7查得30306型軸承的定位軸肩高度,因此取
3)取安裝齒輪處的軸段6-7的直徑;為使套筒可靠地壓緊軸承,
5-6段應(yīng)略短于軸承寬度,故取。
4)軸承端蓋的總寬度為20mm。根據(jù)軸承端蓋的裝拆及便于對(duì)軸承添加潤(rùn)滑油
的要求,求得端蓋外端面與半聯(lián)軸器右端面間的距離,故取
5)錐齒輪輪轂寬度為64.86mm,為使套筒端面可靠地壓緊齒輪取。
6) 由于,故取
(3) 軸上的周向定位
圓錐齒輪的周向定位采用平鍵連接,按由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表6-1
查得平鍵截面,鍵槽用鍵槽銑刀加工,長(zhǎng)為50mm,同時(shí)為保
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
證齒輪與軸配合有良好的對(duì)中性,故選擇齒輪輪轂與軸的配合為;滾動(dòng)軸承與軸的周向定位是由過(guò)渡配合來(lái)保證的,此處選軸的尺寸公差為k6。
(4) 確定軸上圓角和倒角尺寸
取軸端倒角為
5、 求軸上的載荷
載荷
水平面H
垂直面V
支反力F
彎矩M
總彎矩
扭矩T
6、按彎扭合成應(yīng)力校核軸的強(qiáng)度
根據(jù)上表中的數(shù)據(jù)及軸的單向旋轉(zhuǎn),扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力為脈動(dòng)循環(huán)變應(yīng)力,取,軸的計(jì)算應(yīng)力
前已選定軸的材料為45鋼(調(diào)質(zhì)),由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表15-1查得,故安全。
6、 精確校核軸的疲勞強(qiáng)度
(1) 判斷危險(xiǎn)截面
截面5右側(cè)受應(yīng)力最大
(2)截面5右側(cè)
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
抗彎截面系數(shù)
抗扭截面系數(shù)
截面5右側(cè)彎矩M為
截面5上的扭矩為
截面上的彎曲應(yīng)力
截面上的扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力
軸的材料為45鋼,調(diào)質(zhì)處理。由表15-1查得。
截面上由于軸肩而形成的理論應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)及按《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附表3-2查取。因,,經(jīng)插值后查得
又由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附圖3-2可得軸的材料敏感系數(shù)為
故有效應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)為
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附圖3-2的尺寸系數(shù),扭轉(zhuǎn)尺寸系數(shù)。
軸按磨削加工,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附圖3-4得表面質(zhì)量系數(shù)為
軸未經(jīng)表面強(qiáng)化處理,即,則綜合系數(shù)為
又取碳鋼的特性系數(shù)
計(jì)算安全系數(shù)值
故可知安全。
中間軸設(shè)計(jì)
1、求中間軸上的功率、轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)矩
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
2、求作用在齒輪上的力
已知圓柱斜齒輪的分度圓半徑
而
已知圓錐直齒輪的平均分度圓半徑
而
圓周力、,徑向力、及軸向力、的方向如圖四所示
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
圖四
3、初步確定軸的最小直徑
先初步估算軸的最小直徑。選取軸的材料為(調(diào)質(zhì)),根據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表15-3,取,得,中間軸最小直徑顯然是安裝滾動(dòng)軸承的直徑和
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
4、 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
(1) 擬定軸上零件的裝配方案(見(jiàn)下圖圖五)
(2)根據(jù)軸向定位的要求確定軸的各段直徑和長(zhǎng)度
1)初步選擇滾動(dòng)軸承。因軸承同時(shí)受有徑向力和軸向力,故選用單列圓錐滾子軸承,參照工作要求并根據(jù),由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表15-7中初步選取0基本游隙組,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)精度級(jí)的單列圓錐滾子軸承30306,其尺寸為,。
這對(duì)軸承均采用套筒進(jìn)行軸向定位,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表15-7查得30306型軸承的定位軸肩高度,因此取套筒直徑。
2)取安裝齒輪的軸段,錐齒輪左端與左軸承之間采用
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
套筒定位,已知錐齒輪輪轂長(zhǎng),為了使套筒端面可靠地壓緊端面,此軸段應(yīng)略短于輪轂長(zhǎng),故取,齒輪的右端采用軸肩定位,軸肩高度,故取,則軸環(huán)處的直徑為。
3) 已知圓柱直齒輪齒寬,為了使套筒端面可靠地壓緊端面,此軸
段應(yīng)略短于輪轂長(zhǎng),故取。
4)箱體一小圓錐齒輪中心線為對(duì)稱軸,則取
。
(3)軸上的周向定位
圓錐齒輪的周向定位采用平鍵連接,按由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表6-1查得平鍵截面,鍵槽用鍵槽銑刀加工,長(zhǎng)為22mm,同時(shí)為保證齒輪與軸配合有良好的對(duì)中性,故選擇齒輪輪轂與軸的配合為;圓柱齒輪的周向定位采用平鍵連接,按由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表6-1查得平鍵截面,鍵槽用鍵槽銑刀加工,長(zhǎng)為56mm,同時(shí)為保證齒輪與軸配合有良好的對(duì)中性,故選擇齒輪輪轂與軸的配合為;滾動(dòng)軸承與軸的周向定位是由過(guò)渡配合來(lái)保證的,此處選軸的尺寸公差為m6。
(4)確定軸上圓角和倒角尺寸
取軸端倒角為
5、 求軸上的載荷
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
載荷
水平面H
垂直面V
支反力F
彎矩M
總彎矩
扭矩T
6、按彎扭合成應(yīng)力校核軸的強(qiáng)度
根據(jù)上表中的數(shù)據(jù)及軸的單向旋轉(zhuǎn),扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力為脈動(dòng)循環(huán)變應(yīng)力,取,軸的計(jì)算應(yīng)力
前已選定軸的材料為(調(diào)質(zhì)),由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表15-1查得,故安全。
7、精確校核軸的疲勞強(qiáng)度
(1)判斷危險(xiǎn)截面
截面5左右側(cè)受應(yīng)力最大
(2)截面5右側(cè)
抗彎截面系數(shù)
抗扭截面系數(shù)
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
截面5右側(cè)彎矩M為
截面5上的扭矩為
截面上的彎曲應(yīng)力
截面上的扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力
軸的材料為,調(diào)質(zhì)處理。由表15-1查得。
截面上由于軸肩而形成的理論應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)及按《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附表3-2查取。因,,經(jīng)插值后查得
又由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附圖3-2可得軸的材料敏感系數(shù)為
故有效應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)為
由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附圖3-2的尺寸系數(shù),扭轉(zhuǎn)尺寸系數(shù)。
軸按磨削加工,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附圖3-4得表面質(zhì)量系數(shù)為
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
軸未經(jīng)表面強(qiáng)化處理,即,則綜合系數(shù)為
又取合金鋼的特性系數(shù)
計(jì)算安全系數(shù)值
故可知安全。
(3)截面5左側(cè)
抗彎截面系數(shù)
抗扭截面系數(shù)
截面5左側(cè)彎矩M為
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
截面5上的扭矩為
截面上的彎曲應(yīng)力
截面上的扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力
過(guò)盈配合處的,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附表3-8用插值法求出,并取,于是得
軸按磨削加工,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附圖3-4得表面質(zhì)量系數(shù)為
故得綜合系數(shù)為
計(jì)算安全系數(shù)值
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
故可知安全。
輸出軸設(shè)計(jì)
1、求輸出軸上的功率、轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)矩
2、求作用在齒輪上的力
已知圓柱斜齒輪的分度圓半徑
而
圓周力、徑向力及軸向力的方向如圖六所示
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
圖六
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
3、初步確定軸的最小直徑
先初步估算軸的最小直徑。選取軸的材料為45鋼(調(diào)質(zhì)),根據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表15-3,取,得,輸出軸的最小直徑為安裝聯(lián)軸器的直徑,為了使所選的軸直徑與聯(lián)軸器的孔徑相適應(yīng),故需同時(shí)選取聯(lián)軸器型號(hào)。
聯(lián)軸器的計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩,查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表14-1,由于轉(zhuǎn)矩變化很小,故取,則
查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表17-4,選HL3型彈性柱銷聯(lián)軸器,其公稱轉(zhuǎn)矩為630000,半聯(lián)軸器的孔徑,故取,半聯(lián)軸器長(zhǎng)度,半聯(lián)軸器與軸配合的轂孔長(zhǎng)度為84mm。
4、 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
(1) 擬定軸上零件的裝配方案(見(jiàn)圖六)
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
圖六
(2)根據(jù)軸向定位的要求確定軸的各段直徑和長(zhǎng)度
1)為了滿足半聯(lián)軸器的軸向定位,1-2軸段右端需制出一軸肩,故取2-3段的
直徑,左端用軸端擋圈定位,按軸端擋圈直徑,
半聯(lián)軸器與軸配合的轂孔長(zhǎng)度,為了保證軸端擋圈只壓在半聯(lián)
軸器上而不壓在軸的端面上,故1-2段的長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)比略短些,現(xiàn)取
。
2) 初步選擇滾動(dòng)軸承。因軸承同時(shí)受有徑向力和軸向力,故選用單列圓錐滾子軸承,參照工作要求并根據(jù),由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表15-7中初步選取0基本游隙組,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)精度級(jí)的單列圓錐滾子軸承30310,其尺寸為,,而。
左端軸承采用軸肩進(jìn)行軸向定位,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程》
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
表15-7查得30310型軸承的定位軸肩高度,因此取;齒輪右端和右軸承之間采用套筒定位,已知齒輪輪轂的寬度為71mm,為了使套筒端面可靠地壓緊齒輪,此軸段應(yīng)略短于輪轂寬度,故取。齒輪的左端采用軸肩定位,軸肩高度,故取,則軸環(huán)處的直徑為。軸環(huán)寬度,取。
4)軸承端蓋的總寬度為20mm,根據(jù)軸承端蓋的裝拆及便于對(duì)軸承添加潤(rùn)滑油的要求,求得端蓋外端面與半聯(lián)軸器右端面間的距離,故取
5)箱體一小圓錐齒輪中心線為對(duì)稱軸,則取。
(3)軸上的周向定位
齒輪、半聯(lián)軸器的周向定位均采用平鍵連接,按由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表6-1查得平鍵截面,鍵槽用鍵槽銑刀加工,長(zhǎng)為50mm,同時(shí)為保證齒輪與軸配合有良好的對(duì)中性,故選擇齒輪輪轂與軸的配合為;同樣,半聯(lián)軸器與軸的連接,選用平鍵,半聯(lián)軸器與軸的配合為,滾動(dòng)軸承與軸的周向定位是由過(guò)渡配合來(lái)保證的,此處選軸的尺寸公差為k6。
(4)確定軸上圓角和倒角尺寸
取軸端倒角為
5、求軸上的載荷
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
載荷
水平面H
垂直面V
支反力F
彎矩M
總彎矩
扭矩T
6、按彎扭合成應(yīng)力校核軸的強(qiáng)度
根據(jù)上表中的數(shù)據(jù)及軸的單向旋轉(zhuǎn),扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力為脈動(dòng)循環(huán)變應(yīng)力,取,軸的計(jì)算應(yīng)力
前已選定軸的材料為45鋼(調(diào)質(zhì)),由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》表15-1查得,故安全。
7、精確校核軸的疲勞強(qiáng)度
(1)判斷危險(xiǎn)截面
截面7右側(cè)受應(yīng)力最大
(2)截面7右側(cè)
抗彎截面系數(shù)
抗扭截面系數(shù)
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
截面7右側(cè)彎矩M為
截面7上的扭矩為
截面上的彎曲應(yīng)力
截面上的扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力
軸的材料為45鋼,調(diào)質(zhì)處理。由表15-1查得。
截面上由于軸肩而形成的理論應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)及按《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附表3-2查取。因,,經(jīng)插值后查得
又由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附圖3-2可得軸的材料敏感系數(shù)為
故有效應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)為
由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附圖3-2的尺寸系數(shù),扭轉(zhuǎn)尺寸系數(shù)。
軸按磨削加工,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》附圖3-4得表面質(zhì)量系數(shù)為
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
軸未經(jīng)表面強(qiáng)化處理,即,則綜合系數(shù)為
又取碳鋼的特性系數(shù)
計(jì)算安全系數(shù)值
故可知安全。
七、滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇及計(jì)算
輸入軸滾動(dòng)軸承計(jì)算
初步選擇滾動(dòng)軸承,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表15-7中初步選取0基本游隙組,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)精度級(jí)的單列圓錐滾子軸承30306,其尺寸為, ,,
載荷
水平面H
垂直面V
支反力F
則
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
則
則
則
,
則
則
故合格。
中間軸滾動(dòng)軸承計(jì)算
初步選擇滾動(dòng)軸承,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表15-7中初步選取0基本游隙組,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)精度級(jí)的單列圓錐滾子軸承30306,其尺寸為,,,
載荷
水平面H
垂直面V
支反力F
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
則
則
則
則
,
則
則
故合格。
輸出軸軸滾動(dòng)軸承計(jì)算
初步選擇滾動(dòng)軸承,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表15-7中初步選取0基本游隙組,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)精度級(jí)的單列圓錐滾子軸承30310,其尺寸為,,,
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
載荷
水平面H
垂直面V
支反力F
則
則
則
則
,
則
則
故合格
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
八、鍵聯(lián)接的選擇及校核計(jì)算
輸入軸鍵計(jì)算
1、 校核聯(lián)軸器處的鍵連接
該處選用普通平鍵尺寸為,接觸長(zhǎng)度,則鍵聯(lián)接所能傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩為:
,故單鍵即可。
2、 校核圓錐齒輪處的鍵連接
該處選用普通平鍵尺寸為,接觸長(zhǎng)度,則鍵聯(lián)接所能傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩為:
,故單鍵即可。
中間軸鍵計(jì)算
1、 校核圓錐齒輪處的鍵連接
該處選用普通平鍵尺寸為,接觸長(zhǎng)度,則鍵聯(lián)接所能傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩為:
,故單鍵即可。
2、 校核圓柱齒輪處的鍵連接
該處選用普通平鍵尺寸為,接觸長(zhǎng)度,則鍵聯(lián)接所能傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩為:
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
,故單鍵即可。
輸出軸鍵計(jì)算
1、 校核聯(lián)軸器處的鍵連接
該處選用普通平鍵尺寸為,接觸長(zhǎng)度,則鍵聯(lián)接所能傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩為:
,故單鍵即可。
2、 校核圓柱齒輪處的鍵連接
該處選用普通平鍵尺寸為,接觸長(zhǎng)度,則鍵聯(lián)接所能傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩為:
,故單鍵即可。
九、聯(lián)軸器的選擇
在軸的計(jì)算中已選定聯(lián)軸器型號(hào)。
輸入軸選HL1型彈性柱銷聯(lián)軸器,其公稱轉(zhuǎn)矩為160000,半聯(lián)軸器的孔徑,故取,半聯(lián)軸器長(zhǎng)度,半聯(lián)軸器與軸配合的轂孔長(zhǎng)度為38mm。
輸出軸選選HL3型彈性柱銷聯(lián)軸器,其公稱轉(zhuǎn)矩為630000,半聯(lián)軸器的孔徑,故取,半聯(lián)軸器長(zhǎng)度,半聯(lián)軸器與軸配合的轂孔長(zhǎng)度為84mm。
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
十、減速器附件的選擇
由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》選定通氣帽,A型壓配式圓形油標(biāo)A20(GB1160.1-89),外六角油塞及封油墊,箱座吊耳,吊環(huán)螺釘M12(GB825-88),啟蓋螺釘M8。
十一、潤(rùn)滑與密封
齒輪采用浸油潤(rùn)滑,由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》表16-1查得選用N220中負(fù)荷工業(yè)齒輪油(GB5903-86)。當(dāng)齒輪圓周速度時(shí),圓錐齒輪浸入油的深度約一個(gè)齒高,三分之一齒輪半徑,大齒輪的齒頂?shù)接偷酌娴木嚯x≥30~60mm。由于大圓錐齒輪,可以利用齒輪飛濺的油潤(rùn)滑軸承,并通過(guò)油槽潤(rùn)滑其他軸上的軸承,且有散熱作用,效果較好。
密封防止外界的灰塵、水分等侵入軸承,并阻止?jié)櫥瑒┑穆┦А?
十二、設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié)
這次關(guān)于帶式運(yùn)輸機(jī)上的兩級(jí)圓錐圓柱齒輪減速器的課程設(shè)計(jì)是我們真正理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際、深入了解設(shè)計(jì)概念和設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程的實(shí)踐考驗(yàn),對(duì)于提高我們機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的綜合素質(zhì)大有用處。通過(guò)兩個(gè)星期的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐,使我對(duì)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)有了更多的了解和認(rèn)識(shí).為我們以后的工作打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ).
機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)是機(jī)械工業(yè)的基礎(chǔ),是一門(mén)綜合性相當(dāng)強(qiáng)的技術(shù)課程,它融《機(jī)械原理》、《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》、《理論力學(xué)》、《材料力學(xué)》、《互換性與技術(shù)測(cè)量》、《工程材料》、《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》等于一體。
這次的課程設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)于培養(yǎng)我們理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的設(shè)計(jì)思想、訓(xùn)練綜合運(yùn)用機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)和有關(guān)先修課程的理論,結(jié)合生產(chǎn)實(shí)際反應(yīng)和解決工程實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力,鞏固、加深和擴(kuò)展有關(guān)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方面的知識(shí)等方面有重要的作用。
本次設(shè)計(jì)得到了指導(dǎo)老師的細(xì)心幫助和支持。衷心的感謝老師的指導(dǎo)和幫助。
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及說(shuō)明
結(jié)果
設(shè)計(jì)中還存在不少錯(cuò)誤和缺點(diǎn),需要繼續(xù)努力學(xué)習(xí)和掌握有關(guān)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的知識(shí),繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)設(shè)計(jì)習(xí)慣和思維從而提高設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐操作能力。
十三、參考文獻(xiàn)
1、《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第八版)》 高等教育出版社
2、《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ))課程設(shè)計(jì)》 高等教育出版社
48
編號(hào)
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)
相關(guān)資料
題目: 工業(yè)機(jī)器人專用減速器的設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào): 0923229
學(xué)生姓名: 賁素東
指導(dǎo)教師: 許菊若 (職稱:副教授 )
(職稱: )
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文(論文)計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)
開(kāi)題報(bào)告
題目: 工業(yè)機(jī)器人專用減速器的設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào): 0923229
學(xué)生姓名: 賁素東
指導(dǎo)教師: 許菊若 (職稱:副教授 )
(職稱: )
2012年11月25日
課題來(lái)源
導(dǎo)師布置的任務(wù)
科學(xué)依據(jù)(包括課題的科學(xué)意義;國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì);應(yīng)用前景等)
(1)課題科學(xué)意義
減速器是各種機(jī)械設(shè)備中最常見(jiàn)的部件,它的作用是將電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速減少或增加到機(jī)械設(shè)備所需要的轉(zhuǎn)速, 擺線針輪行星減速器由于具有減速比大、體積小、重量輕、效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在許多情況下可代替二級(jí)、三級(jí)的普通齒輪減速器和渦輪減速器,所以使用越來(lái)越普及,為世界各國(guó)所重視。
擺線針輪行星減速器作為重要的機(jī)械傳動(dòng)部件具有體積小、重量輕、傳動(dòng)效率高的特點(diǎn)。本設(shè)計(jì)在全面考慮多齒嚙合、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)、輪齒均載等運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)的要求,實(shí)現(xiàn)高承載能力、高傳遞效率、高可靠性和優(yōu)良動(dòng)力學(xué)性能等指標(biāo),而且要便于制造、裝配和檢修,設(shè)計(jì)了該具有合理結(jié)構(gòu)的擺線針輪行星減速器。
(2)擺線針輪減速器的研究狀況及其發(fā)展前景
擺線針輪傳動(dòng)較之普通漸開(kāi)線齒輪或蝸輪傳動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是:高傳動(dòng)比和高效率;同軸輸出,結(jié)構(gòu)體積小和重量輕;傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn)和噪聲低。由于擺線針輪傳動(dòng)同時(shí)嚙合的齒數(shù)要比漸開(kāi)線外齒輪傳動(dòng)同時(shí)嚙合的齒數(shù)多,因而承載能力較大,嚙合效率要高;還由于擺線輪和針輪的輪齒均可淬硬、精磨,較漸開(kāi)線少齒差傳動(dòng)中內(nèi)齒輪的被加工性能要好,齒面硬度更高,因而使用壽命要長(zhǎng);加上擺線輪的加工技術(shù)已經(jīng)過(guò)關(guān),專業(yè)加工設(shè)備齊全,擺線輪已納入專業(yè)通用件,在國(guó)內(nèi)已做到通用化批量生產(chǎn),生產(chǎn)成本下降,因此擺線針輪傳動(dòng)的減速器當(dāng)前廣為應(yīng)用。擺線針輪減速技術(shù)至今,雖在品種、規(guī)格等方面做了不少改進(jìn),但再?zèng)]有作本質(zhì)、原理上的創(chuàng)新?,F(xiàn)今擺線針輪減速器,其原理和結(jié)構(gòu)還是1926年德國(guó)的原型。
研究?jī)?nèi)容
① 了解工業(yè)機(jī)器人的總體設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容;
② 熟悉擺線針輪行星減速器的各個(gè)部分;
③ 熟練擺線針輪行星減速器的傳動(dòng)比的計(jì)算;
④ 掌握擺線輪行星曲線齒廓形成原理;
⑤ 掌握對(duì)擺線輪、針輪及其他只要零件尺寸的計(jì)算及校核
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
(1)技術(shù)路線:電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇及其基本參數(shù)計(jì)算;擺線輪材料的選擇;擺線輪、針輪、銷軸尺寸的計(jì)算;根據(jù)所得尺寸對(duì)零件進(jìn)行校核。
(2)研究方法
研究方法:理論計(jì)算、校核、計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖;
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計(jì)劃:
2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日:按照任務(wù)書(shū)要求查閱論文相關(guān)
2012年12月3日-2013年1月20日:專業(yè)實(shí)訓(xùn)。
2013年1月21日-2013年3月1日:按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告
2013年3月1日-2013年3月8日:學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文資料
2013年3月11日-2013年3月15日:分析資料,分析比較各種設(shè)計(jì)方案。
2013年3月25日-2013年3月29日:總體設(shè)計(jì)。
2013年4月8日-2013年4月12日:畢業(yè)論文撰寫(xiě)和修改工作。
2013年4月29日-2013年5月3日:整理說(shuō)明書(shū)。
2013年5月6日-2013年5月10日:完成設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)。
預(yù)期成果:
1.完成工業(yè)機(jī)器人專用減速器裝置二套(第二,三臂各一套),繪制擺線針輪
減速器裝配圖(兩份)。
2.完成部分零件圖設(shè)計(jì),繪制零件圖4份。
3.完成設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)一份。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
傳動(dòng)比大,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,傳動(dòng)效率高,傳動(dòng)穩(wěn)定,使用壽命長(zhǎng),與漸開(kāi)線少齒差行星傳動(dòng)相比無(wú)齒頂相碰和齒廓重疊現(xiàn)象。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問(wèn)題
① 理論設(shè)計(jì)較為成熟,生產(chǎn)設(shè)備條件能夠得到滿足,材料的選擇能夠滿足要求。
② 制造成本高:擺線針輪行星減速器對(duì)材料的要求較高,因而增加了制造成本。
加工工藝復(fù)雜:加工擺線針輪需要專門(mén)的加床,對(duì)裝配工藝也有較嚴(yán)格的工藝要求。
指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)
指導(dǎo)教師簽名:
年 月 日
教研室(學(xué)科組、研究所)意見(jiàn)
教研室主任簽名:
年 月 日
系意見(jiàn)
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名:
年 月 日
英文原文
Mineral product monorail reduction gear synopsis、the main parts of the paper and the research on the noice reducer
First:what is reducer
Reducer is a dynamic communication agencies, the use of gear speed converters, motor rotational speed reducer to the Rotary to be few, and have greater torque institutions.
The reducer role
1) velocity at the same time increase the output torque, torque output ratio by motor output by slowdown, but the attention should be paid to exceed the rated torque reducer.
2) the speed at the same time reduce the inertia load, the inertia of deceleration than reduced to the square. We can look at the General Motors has a value of inertia.
The type of reducer
General helical gear reducer has reducer (including parallel shaft helical gear reducer, a worm reducer, bevel gear reducer, etc.), planetary gear reducer, Cycloid reducer, a worm reducer, a planetary friction CVT mechanical machines.
?Common reducer
1) worm reducer is the main characteristics of a reverse self-locking function, can be larger than a slowdown, input shaft and output shaft axis is not the same, nor in the same plane. But generally larger, transmission efficiency is not high, the accuracy is not high.
2) Harmonic Harmonic Drive reducer is controllable using flexible components to transfer elastic deformation and dynamic movement, not volume, high precision, but the disadvantage is that flexible wheel limited life, impatient shocks, rigidity and pieces of metal relatively poor. Not too high speed input.
3) planetary reducer its comparative advantage is compact structure, the return gap small, high precision, and have a long life span rated output torque can be done great. However, a price slightly expensive, the requirements of parts before assembly
1. Rolling cleaning with gasoline, kerosene other parts cleaning. All parts and Xiangbenna not allowed to have any impurities exist. Gear box and the inner wall (Worm), unprocessed surface has not been coated twice erosion-resistant oil paint, box has the outer surface coated primer and paint color (color requested by host).
2. Parts coated with a face wash after lubricants
Second, the requirements of installation and adjustment
1. Rolling installation Rolling bearing inner ring should be installed at the shaft shoulder close to gap must not pass 0.05 mm thick Cypriot feet.
2. Bearing axial clearance of the clearance can not be adjusted bearings (such as deep groove ball bearings), axial clearance of 0.25 to 0.4 mm; the clearance adjustable bearing axial clearance numerical table. Click Tapered Roller Bearings axial clearance; angular contact ball bearing axial clearance
3. Gear (Worm) meshing tooth space available Cypriot side foot of lead or pressure. Will be lead wire on the alveolar, and then turning gear and squash lead wire, measuring two teeth side was crushed lead wire thickness and the size of which is adjacent teeth.
4. Tooth contact dot cylinder gear tooth contact Dot 2-10-4; bevel gear tooth contact Dot 2-11-4; Gearing contact Dot 2-12-4
Third, seal requirements
1. Box partition between the surface does not allow any pads filled, but can be coated or water glass sealant to ensure that the seal;
2. Assembly, the bolt tightening box, before using 0.05 mm Cypriot-foot inspection Covers Block with me and between the sealing surface;
3. Shaft seal should stretch to smear grease. The seal should be installed in strict accordance with the requirements
Forth, lubrication requirements
1. Rationally determine the types of lubricants and greases and grades
2. Bearing lubrication fat, grease filled in the general Fatliquor space can be 1 / 2 to 2 / 3.
3. Lubricants should be regularly replaced, the new reducer used for the first time, the operation of oil-7 ~ 14 days, according to the situation can be after every 3 to 6 months for first oil.
Fifth, the test requirements
1. Empty operation: at rated speed is, anti-running 1 to 2 hours;
2. Load test: at rated speed, rated load operation, the oil temperature balance to date. On the gear reducer, requested the pool temperature is not more than 35 oC, bearing temperature rise no more than 40 oC; the worm reducer, requested the pool temperature not more than 60 oC, bearing temperature of not more than 50 oC;
3. Entire testing process for the smooth operation, noise, not loosening the fixed link, sealed, not with the
Sixth, packaging and transportation requirements
1. Protruding shaft and its annex should Oiler packaging;
2. Handling, lifting may not use screw rings and lug all of the above technical requirements are not necessarily listed, and sometimes also by other projects, mainly by the specific design requirements.
Seventh. Technical requirements
1. Assembly, all parts cleaning with kerosene, gasoline Rolling cleansing, while the existence of any debris. Oil is not painted wall corrosion coatings twice;
2. Backlash with lead wire mesh test of not less than 0.16 mm, lead wire Backlash may not exceed the smallest of the four times;
3. Used Tu-color dot test. Tooth high point of contact by not less than 40% of contact spots on teeth not less than 50 per cent. Can be used when necessary, grinding or scraping after grinding to improve contacts;
4. Bearing axial clearance should be adjusted: φ40 0.05 - 0.1 mm, φ55 0.08 - 0.15 mm;
5. Test reducer subdivision surface, the contact surface and seal, oil spills are not allowed. Split-Tu allowed to paint or water glass seal and allow the use of any filler;
6. Engine lubricants to the contents N100 provisions height;
Below I introduce our country reduction gear the development present situation
First, the domestic reduction gear many by the gear drive, the worm drive primarily, but has the power and the load ratio generally is small, or velocity ratio great and mechanical efficiency excessively low question.Moreover, in the material quality and the technological level also has many weakness, the large-scale reduction gear question is specially more prominent, the service life is not long.The domestic use large-scale reduction gear (above 500kw), many from overseas (for example Denmark, Germany and so on) imports The 60's start few tooth reduction gears and so on difference transmission, cycloid pin gear transmission, overtone transmission which produces has the velocity ratio to be big, volume small, mechanical efficiency higher merit? .But its transmission theory limit, cannot transmit the oversized power, the power all must be smaller than generally 40kw. Because in the transmission theoretically, the technological level and the material quality aspect has not broken through, therefore, has not been able fundamentally to solve the transmission power in a big way, the velocity ratio big, the volume small, the weight light, mechanical efficiency higher these requests basically.The 90's initial period, the home appears three links (gear) the reduction gear, is one kind of outside stable motion gear drive reduction gear, it may realize the great velocity ratio, transmission load ability is also big. Its volume and the weight are all lighter than the dead axle speed reducer gear, the structure is simple, the efficiency is also high.Because this reduction gear three axle parallel structure, therefore caused the power/volume (or weight) the ratio is still small.Also its input axis and the output shaft on the identical spool thread, this do not have in the use many inconveniently. Not only Beijing Institute of Technology develops in successful " stable motion speed reducer gear " to have outside three link reduction gear merit, but also has the big power/weight (or volume) the ratio, as well as the input axis and the output shaft on identical spool thread merit, is at the domestic leading position.The home has the minority college and the factory and mining enterprise does the research work to in stable motion gear drive certain principles, has published some research paper, in has done some work using the cycloidal tooth crop rotation stable motion reduction gear.
Second, the stable motion speed reducer gear principle of work synopsis, the stable motion speed reducer gear is refers to in a counter gear transmission, a gear in the stable motion generator actuation mean plane parallel motion, meshing through tooth profile between, actuates another tooth crop rotation dead axle to decelerate the rotation, the realization reduction gear function.The stable motion generator may use the parallelogram organization, either sine organization or cross slide organization.This achievement uses the parallelogram organization to take the stable motion generator. The stable motion generator may be the hypothesized use parallelogram organization, also may be the entity use parallelogram organization.Has the practical value stable motion gear mechanism for in counter gear organization, therefore may divide into the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement and the external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement two kind of situations.Outside the stable motion gear reduction organization, its internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement, actuates the external gear and makes the deceleration rotation output.This organization also calls three links (gear) the reduction gear. As a result of the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion, two crank centers establish outside the annular gear tooth ring, therefore its size is not compact, cannot solve the volume major problem.? In stable motion gear reduction, its external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement, actuation internal tooth crop rotation deceleration rotation output.As a result of the external tooth crop rotation stable motion, two crank centers can establish in the external gear tooth ring, reduced the organization overall size greatly. Because in stable motion gear mechanism transmission efficiency high, volume small, input output coaxial line, therefore by widespread application prospect.
Third, this project technical characteristic and key technologies? 1. this project technical characteristics, in this new " stable motion speed reducer gear " and domestic and foreign had the speed reducer gear compares, has the following characteristic: (1) velocity ratio scope is big, gets up from I=10, may reach most greatly several thousand.If manufactures the great velocity ratio the reduction gear, then demonstrates this reduction gear the merit.(2) transmission power scope is big: And may connect a body manufacture with the electric motor. (3) structure simple, the volume small, the weight is light.Reduces about 1/3 compared to the existing speed reducer gear.(4) mechanical efficiency is high.95 (5) this reduction gear input axis and the output shaft are on the identical spool thread.This reduction gear see Table 1 with other reduction gear performance comparison. Because lacks the data, various reduction gears power/load ratio which in the table arranges in order is most superior.? Table 1? Each kind of reduction gear comparison model power (kw) reduction gear ratio quality (kg) QI-450? 93 31.5 1820 ZSY-250? 95 31.5 540 NGW-92 88.1 31.5 577 SEW (Germany)? 90 28.61 1300 NP-100? 100 30 400 Note: NP-100 is in the stable motion speed reducer gear, the SEW reduction gear quality contains the electrical machinery.2. this project key technologies? May know by Figure 2, in “stable motion speed reducer gear " is by annular gear Z2, external gear Z1 and the parallelogram organization combination becomes.Its transmission principle is: The electrical machinery input rotary motion, the external tooth crop rotation parallel migration, its center of circle path is a circle, makes the dead axle rotation with it meshing annular gear. Because external tooth crop rotation parallel migration, therefore name stable motion gear mechanism.The gear parallel migration needs to have the auxiliary body help realization, may use (6~12) to sell the axis, the roller takes the hypothesized auxiliary stable motion organization, also may use the eccentric shaft to take the entity auxiliary stable motion organization.In the stable motion speed reducer gear key technologies and the essential craft are the composition parallelogram component size computation and the request processing precision, the gear teeth main parameter choice. These factors will all affect the transmission ability and the transmission quality.Overall speaking, the group cost reduction gear various spare parts all request to have the high precision, they will be deciding the reduction gear overall transmis3. this project survey this project has obtained the Chinese practical new patent, the patent number: ZL95227767.0? .? This project trial produced the first prototype from 1995 (power 2.5kW, after velocity ratio I=32), with some factory and mine cooperation, has one after another designed following several kind of different powers, the different velocity ratio reduction gear.(1) electrically operated on rollers gate uses the reduction gear, power 550W, velocity ratio I=26, is united as one body with the electrical machinery.sion quality. (2) mixer uses the reduction gear, power 370W, velocity ratio I=17.(3) some military goods use two kind of reduction gears, one kind of power 370W, velocity ratio I=23.5; Another kind of power 370W, velocity ratio I=103 two level of transmission reduction gear.(4) steel mill large package rotary abutment reduction gear, power 7.5kw, velocity ratio I=64.(5) steel mill table reduction gear, power 7.5kw, transmission I=11. In this patent foundation, has developed one kind of new ultra-large reduction gear, the power may reach 1000kw, at present is developing subminiature (outlook size for a millimeter level) miniature reduction gear.
Graduation design task
First, a design
Monorail Driver Design reducer
Second, the design of the original data
1 Monorail drive reducer Power Rating: 7.5 KW;
2 Monorail reducer drive the total transmission ratio: 15 around;
3 Monorail reducer drive car driven by the side of the output shaft from the race distance of not more than 200 mm;
4 Monorail reducer drive the total length of less than 420 mm, the width is not more than 450 mm and the total height of not more than 690 mm;
Third, the equipment and the working environment
This can be used to mine underground, open-air, dust, humidity, air quality, bad comparison bad work environment, and the operational requirements of a safe space.
Fourth, the design requirements
To meet the application requirements under the premise that the minimum cost of manufacturing.
From the following aspects considered;
(L) to streamline the shape of each parts, machinery simple structure;
?? ?(2) merge the functions of spare parts, reducing the types or quantities of spare parts;
?? (3) Application of the new structure, new technology, new materials, product reliability;
?? (4) decomposition components, its assembly, the assembly of the most simple structure;
??? (5) similar to parts of the division;
??? (6) standards for similar products by product serial number sequence analysis;
??? (7) The realization of the common parts of the product and standardization.
??? (8) assembly equipment design a map (0), the Six Parts (3), the design specification of a (not less than 30,000 words), and the design of technical and economic analysis.
GEAR AND SHAFT INTRODUCTION
In the force analysis of spur gears, the forces are assumed to act in a single plane. We shall study gears in which the forces have three dimensions. The reason for this, in the case of helical gears, is that the teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation. And in the case of bevel gears, the rotational axes are not parallel to each other. There are also other reasons, as we shall learn.
Helical gears are used to transmit motion between parallel shafts. The helix angle is the same on each gear, but one gear must have a right-hand helix and the other a left-hand helix. The shape of the tooth is an involute helicoid. If a piece of paper cut in the shape of a parallelogram is wrapped around a cylinder, the angular edge of the paper becomes a helix. If we unwind this paper, each point on the angular edge generates an involute curve. The surface obtained when every point on the edge generates an involute is called an involute helicoid.
The initial contact of spur-gear teeth is a line extending all the way across the face of the tooth. The initial contact of helical gear teeth is a point, which changes into a line as the teeth come into more engagement. In spur gears the line of contact is parallel to the axis of the rotation; in helical gears, the line is diagonal across the face of the tooth. It is this gradual of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds. Helical gears subject the shaft bearings to both radial and thrust loads. When the thrust loads become high or are objectionable for other reasons, it may be desirable to use double helical gears. A double helical gear (herringbone) is equivalent to two heli
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