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1、StoriesBook 6 Unit 16 基礎(chǔ)知識排查重點短語突破 句法與語法突破五年高考 最新模擬重點單詞突破 1 基 礎(chǔ) 知 識 排 查1.abandon vt.放棄，遺棄；n.放任，放縱e into view出現(xiàn)3.knock sb.over撞倒某人 4.once upon a time從前 重點識記詞匯 5.witness v.目擊；n.目擊者 6.occur vi.發(fā)生7.block out封閉 8.tremble vi.顫抖，發(fā)抖9.loss n.遺失，丟失 10.in a way從某種程度上說11.on ones side側(cè)身 12.sympathy n.同情 13.on th

2、e way to在去的路上 14.pay rise增加工資15.split up (使)解散；決裂 16.gather vi.&vt.聚集17.sorrow n.悲傷，難過 18.burst vi.爆炸；闖，沖19.specific adj.詳細(xì)的；特定的 20.hold up支撐起 21.significance n.重要性；意義 22.count on依靠23.vivid adj.生動的，逼真的 e across偶然遇見25.discourage vt.使泄氣，使灰心 26.figure out理解，弄清楚27.end up以結(jié)束，以告終 28.in particular特別，尤其 29.

3、severe adj.嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的 30.put up with容忍，忍受31.stubborn adj.倔強的，固執(zhí)的 32.former adj.以前的33.troublesome adj.引起麻煩的 34.now that既然35.eager adj.渴望的，熱衷的 36.precious adj.寶貴的 37.gradual adj.逐漸的plex adj.復(fù)雜的39.applaud vi.&vt.鼓掌40.apparent adj.明顯的，顯而易見的41.breakthrough n.突破，重大發(fā)現(xiàn)42.tense adj.緊張的tension n.緊張43.name.after以

4、的名字給某人/某物命名44.preserve vt.保護(hù)，保存preservation n.保護(hù)；保養(yǎng) 45.particularly adv.特別地；特定地particular adj.特別的46.abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的normal adj.正常的47.admirable adj.令人欽佩的admire vt.欽佩48.unbearable adj.不能忍受的bearable adj.可忍受的bear vi.容忍，忍受49.restriction n.限制，約束restrict vt.限制，限定50.expand v.擴大，擴充expansion n.擴張 1.Anoth

5、er man，lying on his side，looks as if he is trying to get up.躺在他旁邊的另一個人看上去好像在試圖站立起來。2.Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.既然海倫理解了語言之謎，她非?？释麑W(xué)習(xí)更多的詞語并且盡可能多地使用它們。 必背經(jīng)典句式 3.It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex

6、worda word for something she couldnt touch.這是海倫第一次理解這么復(fù)雜的單詞一個代表她觸碰不到的東西的單詞。4.Uncertain about how to fix them，she stopped to think carefully.不能確定如何修理它們，她停下來仔細(xì)思考。 -ity/-ty/-y difficulty /dIfIkltI/n.1.U困難；艱難2.C難點；難事；難題disability /dIsbIltI/n.C&U無能；傷殘discovery /dIskvrI/n.U&C發(fā)現(xiàn)；被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物electricity /IlektrIs

7、tI/n.U電；電學(xué)；電流；電力供應(yīng)equality /ikwltI/n.U相等；相同；平等majority /mdrtI/n.U多數(shù)；大多數(shù) 構(gòu)詞記憶 2 重 點 單 詞 突 破1 abandon v.放棄(stop doing)；遺棄，拋棄(leave)；沉湎于；n.放任；放縱(an uncontrolled way of behaving)應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)(1)后跟動名詞(2)過去分詞作定語的考查 abandon oneself to.縱情；沉溺于abandon sth.to sb.把某事遺棄給某人abandon doing.放棄做with abandon放縱地；盡情地an abandoned

8、child棄兒 The authorities have abandoned any attempt to distribute food.當(dāng)局中止了分發(fā)食物的嘗試。We are scared to abandon ourselves to our feelings in case we seem weak or out of control.我們不敢放縱自己的情感，以免顯得太過軟弱或缺乏自制。 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)語法填空Soon they reached an (abandon) building，where there once lived an old monk.My doctor advi

9、sed me to abandon (smoke).abandoned smoking (2)He abandoned himself to the Internet games and didnt pass the exam._(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫句子)_(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫句子)Abandoning himself to the Internet games，he didnt pass the exam.Abandoned to the Internet games，he didnt pass the exam. 2 preserve v.維護(hù)；保留；保存；保護(hù)(keep or

10、 save)；n.保護(hù)區(qū)preserve.from.保護(hù)免受be well preserved保存得很好in good preservation處于良好的保存狀態(tài) We will do everything to preserve peace.我們會盡全力維護(hù)和平。Pantanal is one of the worlds great wildlife preserves.潘塔納爾是世界上最大的野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)之一。 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)I think these traditional customs _(應(yīng)該受到保護(hù)).(2)No one could _ (保護(hù)他免受) such a fate.H

11、e deserved that.(3)The town is so beautiful！I just love it.Me too.The character of the town _. (保存得很完好) should be preservedpreserve him from is well preserved 3 witness v.當(dāng)場看到，目擊；見證(see sth.happen)；為的證據(jù)；n.目擊者；證人(a person who sees sth.happen)；證據(jù)(evidence)應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)無生命名詞作主語時的寫作詞匯 a witness to.的證人(證據(jù))bear/gi

12、ve witness to/against為作證；證明(a) witness for作證，為辯護(hù)witness to doing.為作證；出庭證明；證實No witnesses have come forward.沒有目擊證人站出來。 夯實基礎(chǔ)語法填空(1)He witnessed to (see) the man enter the room.(2)His good health is a witness the success of the treatment.(3)The past ten years (witness) a boom in economy in my hometown，

13、as a result of people here are enjoying a far better life than before.having seentohas witnessed which 4 occur vi.發(fā)生(happen)；存在(exist)；出現(xiàn)；(想法)產(chǎn)生(come into ones mind)多詞一義occur，happen，come about，take place sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起；某人發(fā)生某事It occurs to sb.that./to do.某人突然想起Didnt it occur to you that he wa

14、s lying?你當(dāng)時沒想到他在撒謊嗎？The crash occurred only minutes after the plane took off.空難在飛機起飛幾分鐘后就發(fā)生了。 思考題表示“某人想起”的短語還有： _sth.strike/hit sb.，sb.hit/strike on sth.，e to sb.等。 2 7 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)An idea occurred me.(2)An idea came my mind.(3)I hit/struck an idea.(4)It suddenly occurred to me I hadnt locked my door. to

15、to/intoon that 2 8 loss n.遺失，丟失；喪失；損失； 虧損at a loss不知所措，困惑be lost in陷入lose v.丟失；損失，喪失lose face丟臉lose weight減肥 He was at a loss what to do.他對做什么不知所措。He is afraid of making mistakes and losing face in public.他害怕出錯在公眾面前丟臉。 夯實基礎(chǔ)用lose的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem t

16、o be _ the art of communicating face to face.(2)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words.(3)Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing _ in some teenagers.(4)He enjoyed his music，_ in happiness.losing lostloss lost 3 1 6 burst v.爆炸；爆裂(to break apart)；脹開(to break o

17、pen)；沖，闖；突然出現(xiàn)(appear suddenly)；n.突發(fā)；爆破；爆裂burst (break) inton. 突然爆發(fā)；闖入burst (break) out doing.突然開始做burst in突然沖入burst forth迸發(fā) Last night the room was burst into but nothing was taken away.昨晚有人闖入房間但沒有帶走任何東西。 圖解助記 夯實基礎(chǔ)Hearing the news，John burst into tears._(用v.-ing形式改寫句子)Hearing the news，John burst out

18、 crying. 7 significance n.重要性；意義；含義應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)作為高級詞匯替換importance be of great significancebe very significant非常重要be of no significance無意義/不重要the significance of.的重要性/含義significantly adv.有重大意義地；意味深長地. Few people realized the significance of the discovery.很少有人意識到這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性。He smiled significantly at his student

19、s.他意味深長地對他的學(xué)生笑了。 3 8 夯實基礎(chǔ)Innovation in car design is very significant._(用“beof名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)改寫句子)Innovation in car design is of great significance. 8 discourage vt.使泄氣，使灰心多詞一義discourage sb.from doing.，prevent sb.from doing.，keep sb.from doing.，stop sb.from doing. discourage sb.from doing sth.勸/阻止/不鼓勵某人做某事dis

20、couraged adj.泄氣的，沮喪的，灰心喪氣的discouraging adj.令人泄氣的，令人沮喪的discouragement n.勸阻；泄氣，使人泄氣的事，挫折，氣餒encourage v.(反義詞)鼓勵；激勵；促進(jìn)encourage sb.to do.鼓勵某人做encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的encouragement n.鼓舞；鼓勵courage n.勇氣 I knew that nothing would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.我知道沒有什么會使他灰心，

21、他永遠(yuǎn)也不會放棄想成為一名導(dǎo)演的愿望。 (湖南，24) 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)用discourage的適當(dāng)形式填空If you meet with any difficulty in your study，dont be .The examination result is .Lets start a campaign to smoking among the teenagers!discouraged discouragingdiscourage (2)He was discouraged by the unsuccessful attempt and decided to give it up._

22、(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫句子)Discouraged by the unsuccessful attempt，he decided to give it up. 9 eager adj.熱切的；渴望的be eager to do.渴望做be eager for.急于得到be eager that.熱切地希望only too eager to do.過于迫切地想做 Robert was eager to talk about the life in the army.羅伯特很想談?wù)勊年戃娚?。She is so eager for success.她太渴望成功了。 特別提醒(1)表達(dá)“急切/

23、盼望(做)”的短語還有：be anxious for/to do.，long for，be greedy for，be hungry for，be dying for/to do.，be thirsty for，be keen on/to do.等。(2)too eager to do.急于做某事，而非“太著急而不能做”。 詞義辨析 anxious，eageranxious是“渴望的，急于”的意思，側(cè)重于對結(jié)果感到不安。eager也是“渴望的，急于”的意思，指對成功的期望或?qū)ψ瞿呈碌目释?夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)用eager，anxious填空He is still absent，so I am qu

24、ite _ about his health.She is _ for her parents approval.(2)He was eager to see the film，so he finished dinner quickly and hurried off._(用形容詞短語作狀語改寫句子)anxiouseagerEager to see the film，he finished dinner quickly and hurried off. 3 重 點 短 語 突 破1 in a way有幾分；從某種意義上講，從某方面來說；在某種程度上(to some extent；up to a

25、 certain point)應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)(1)way前面冠詞的使用(2)in no way置于句首的倒裝 all the way一路上；完全地by way of經(jīng)由；途經(jīng)in the way擋路on the way在路上in no way絕不(置于句首句子用倒裝)in this way用這種方法 In this way，I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.用這種方法，我不但解決了問題而且提高了獨立克服困難的能力。 (安徽書面表達(dá)) 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)用way

26、的相關(guān)短語填空We can allow such a thing to continue .You will soon receive the parcel for it is .You can solve this problem only .in no wayon the wayin this way (2)按照要求改寫句子 (將上題句變?yōu)榈寡b句) (將上題句變?yōu)榈寡b句)In no way can we allow such a thing to continue.Only in this way can you solve this problem. 2 hold up舉起；支撐起；耽擱

27、；搶劫應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)hold短語語境詞義辨析 hold back阻擋；抑制；克制；控制hold on to抓??；保留hold out伸出；維持；給予希望；使有可能hold on(電話用語)別掛斷，等一下；堅持；緊緊抓住hold down控制；保持 The moment you think about giving up，think of the reason why you hold on so long.每當(dāng)你想放棄的時候，想一想你堅持這么久的原因。What else held back stocks yesterday?還有哪些因素抑制了昨日股市的表現(xiàn)？ 夯實基礎(chǔ)用hold短語的適當(dāng)形式填空(1

28、)The roof _ by wood.(2)Doctors _ little hope of her recovering.(3)The government took a series of measures to _ prices.is held uphold outhold down 3 count on/upon (depend/rely on/upon)依賴，依靠多詞一義(1)count，consider，regard，judge，matter(2)count on，depend on，rely on count vi.認(rèn)為，算作；重要；vt.數(shù)數(shù)；包括count.in把包括在內(nèi)c

29、ount.out不包括count sb./sth.as/to be.認(rèn)為某人/物count up (add up)把加起來 Few people can count on having a job for life.幾乎沒有人能指望一輩子都干一個工作。If you are going out tonight youll have to count me out.假如你們今晚要出去，就別把我算在內(nèi)。 夯實基礎(chǔ)語法填空(1)Im counting you to help me.(2)I hear youre organizing a trip to the game next week？Count

30、 me !(3)Will you please count these figures for me?on inup 4 figure out弄懂；計算應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)作為高級詞匯替換understand多詞一義figure out，work out，settle，solve figure n.數(shù)字；身材；體形；人物；v.計算；認(rèn)為keep ones figure保持體形I cant figure out why he quit his job.我琢磨不透他為什么要辭掉工作。Dont worry well figure something out.別擔(dān)心，我們會找到辦法解決的。 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)寫出下列

31、句子中figure的漢語意思She has a good figure. _By 2014，this figure had risen to 14 million. _Chairman Mao is an important political figure. _(2)語法填空 (figure) that he is sure to come，we have been waiting for him. (figure) out the final total number，they were satisfied with the result.身材數(shù)字人物FiguringHaving figu

32、red 5 end up(多指出乎意料地)最終處于，(以)告終(in sth.)；最終(成為)(as sth.)；最終(做)(doing)；以結(jié)尾(with sth.)；結(jié)果為多詞一義end up with，end up in，finish，accomplish，complete bring/put.to an end使終止on end豎著，直立著；連續(xù)地make ends meet使收支相抵come to an end結(jié)束at an end結(jié)束；終止After a luxurious life，he ended up in poverty.他過了一段奢侈的生活后，最終變得窮困潦倒。 夯實基礎(chǔ)

33、(1)We were planning to go out，but ended up _ (在家看足球賽).(2)The young couple seemed very happy，but they ended up _ (離婚).watching a football game at home getting divorced/in divorce 6 put up with忍受，容忍(tolerate；stand；bear； live with)應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)put短語的語境詞義辨析 put forward提出put through給接通電話(to sb.)；做完，完成；使經(jīng)受(痛苦)put

34、aside把擱一邊；積蓄put away收起；存錢；把放回原處put in投入；安裝；插話as sb.puts it按照某人的說法 How do you put up with that woman?你怎么能受得了那個女人？She has a few thousand dollars put away for her retirement.她為退休生活積攢了幾千元錢。 夯實基礎(chǔ)用put短語的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)He new peace proposals.(2)We should our differences and discuss the things we have in common.(

35、3)Hello.Could you please me to Mr.Brown?has put forwardput aside put through 4 句 法 與 語 法 突 破句型公式 Now that.1 Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.既然海倫理解了語言之謎，她非?？释麑W(xué)習(xí)更多的詞語并且盡可能多地使用它們。 7 3 now that既然，由于，是連詞詞組，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示明顯的原因或既成的

36、事實?？谡Z中that?？墒÷?。其他表示原因的連詞或介詞：because因為(語氣較重，常用于回答why的疑問)since因為；既然(可與now that互換)as因為(語氣較弱) for因為(并列連詞，引導(dǎo)一個分句，不能置于句首，表示進(jìn)一步補充說明)due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等Now that the children know，we can tell everyone else.既然孩子們知道了，我們就可以告訴其他人了。 夯實基礎(chǔ)語法填空(1) youre here，why not hav

37、e a drink?(2) it is late I shall go home now.(3)The school was moved out of downtown the number of students had grown too large.(4)It must have rained last night， the ground is wet.Now that/SinceSince asfor 句型公式 .unless.2 Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unle

38、ss I touched it.她的話使我感到非常困惑，因為那時我若不用手觸摸就什么都不理解。 (1)unless除非；如果不，引導(dǎo)一個肯定的條件狀語從句，從句有時可與if.not引導(dǎo)的否定狀語從句互換。(2)unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義，主句多用一般將來時。(3)在unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，主語和部分謂語有時可以省略。 Unless you are trying to lose weight to please yourself，its going to be hard to keep your motivation level high.除非減肥是為了悅

39、己，否則很難保持積極性。 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop._(用if從句改寫句子)(2)要是不能額外弄一些錢，劇院將要關(guān)閉。(翻譯句子)_I want you to keep working if I dont tell you to stop.Unless some extra money is found，the theatre will close. 3 單元語法同義句改寫(1)There was nothing left of the town.The earthquake of the previ

40、ous year _(destroy) it completely.(2)We were late.When we arrived，the show _ (start).(3)When the guard _ (inspect) the bag，he _ (hand) it back to Mark.had destroyed had startedhad inspectedhanded (4)My bike is broken.Ill have it (repair).(5)Ill try my best to get my work (finish) as soon as possible

41、. repairedfinished 5 五 年 高 考 最 新 模 擬.短文改錯 (2014陜西) The book Im reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain.It is said to have started in the early 1800s.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at 高考題組 night.This custom soo

42、n becomes another meal of day.Interesting，it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.When tea got popular in Britain，there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.This made for the grow in the po

43、rcelain industry. 8 4 答案 .寫作常用句翻譯1.聽到這里，全班同學(xué)大笑起來，我同桌的臉變紅了。(burst) (2013湖北短文寫作)_2.為了鼓勵學(xué)生進(jìn)行戶外鍛煉，學(xué)校組織在4月10日爬山。(encourage) (2013江西書面表達(dá))_Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter/out laughing and my deskmates face turned red.In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise，our school or

44、ganized a mountain-climbing on April 10. 3.林肯被認(rèn)為是世界上最鼓舞人心的人物之一。(figure) (2012浙江書面表達(dá))_Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world. 模擬題組.語法填空1.You will never gain success _ you are fully devoted to your work.2.Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are a

45、lways in _ way whenever she tries to.unlessthe 3.Peter had intended to take a job in business，but _ (abandon) that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.4.It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.5.Peter，where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We _ (be)

46、 busy with our work for months，so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. abandonedthathad been 6.My father is coughing heavily.Youd better discourage him from _ (smoke). Its bad for his health.7.We are encouraged _ (make) good use of our farmland.8.Now _ youve got a chance，you might as well make f

47、ull use of it. smokingto makethat 9.It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ (do) for me.10.The past ten years _ (witness) a boom in economy in my hometown，as a result of which people here are enjoying a far better life than before.had donehas witnessed .單句改錯1.Having

48、abandoned to the computer games，he became hopeless. _2.He witnessed to have seen the man take away the book. _3.How did this occur to him that he got lost on his way back home？ _abandoned后加上himselfhavehavingthisit 4.At that time he was really at loss for words._5.Discouraging completely，he decided t

49、o give it up. _6.He rushed back to the classroom，eagerly to know the result. _7.Of the two，I prefer a former one. _loss前加上aDiscouragingDiscouragedeagerlyeagerathe 8.This war has caused widespread human suffered. _9.Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years，particular among young peop

50、le. _10.One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away while my daughter heard cries for help._ sufferedsufferingparticularparticularlywhilewhen .寫作句式升級訓(xùn)練1.We cant imagine the future life without phones. (素材來源于2014重慶寫作一)_(用what從句及if虛擬句改寫句子)We cant imagine what life would be like if there werent phones. 2.We all know the saying that a life without a friend is a life without sun. (素材來源于2014重慶寫作一)_(用as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句改寫句子)As the saying goes，“A life without a friend is a life without sun.”