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1、新英語視聽說教程Unit+1原文及答案 Unit 1 Differences Between Cultures Thinking Ahead Students are asked to discuss the following questions in groups. The reference answers for the questions are offered below: 1. How do you think about the word “culture”? Culture is a word for people’s“way of life”, meaning th

2、e way they do things. A group of people has a separate culture when that group sets itself apart from others through its actions. Cultures are what make countries unique. Each country has different cultural activities and cultural rituals. Culture is more than just material goods, that is things the

3、 culture uses and produces. Culture is also the beliefs and values of the people in that culture. Culture also includes the way people think about and understand the world and their own lives. 2. Why should we study cross-cultural communication? Cross-cultural communication refers to the study of

4、successful communications across different cultures. It concerns the understanding of tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other

5、cultures and how it is changing. The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. The challenge is that even with all the good will in the world, miscommunication is lik

6、ely to happen, especially when there are significant cultural differences between communicators. Miscommunication may lead to conflict, or aggravate conflict that already exists. So it is very important that we should study cross-cultural communication. (From Part I Video Time In this part, stude

7、nts will have 2 tasks to accomplish. Task 1 In task 1, students will watch a video clip from Gua Sha and then do the exercises as required. Before watching, students are supposed to read the words, expressions and cultural notes related to the video. Transcript Mrs.Xu: How come it doesn’t look l

8、ike the courtroom on TV? Judge: Because it isn’t a courtroom, Mrs. Xu. Does either of the counselor have problem with my holding hearings in chambers?To tell you the truth, because I can’t stand that awful echo in the courtroom, you know, winds in the gallery. (People were chuckling.) Lawyer Quin

9、lin: No problem, your honor. John Quinlin, attorney for the defense. Judge Horowizs: Why that I’ve never seen you around before, Mr. Quinlin? Lawyer Quinlin:I’ve never had the honor, your honor. Er, I deal mostly with the intellectual property rights cases. Judge:Apples and oranges（風馬牛不相及）, Mr Qu

10、inlin; The two areas of law have virtually nothing to do with each other. Lawyer Quinlin: Well, yes, of course. So I told my client. But he insisted on my representing him. Also I’d like to have the record show that my client only had two days’ notice of this hearing; also for me only 24 hours’ p

11、reparation time. Judge: I think we are putting the cart before the horse（本末倒置）, your counselor. This hearing is for the purpose of determining whether there is sufficient evidence to advance court proceedings, so take off your lawyer caps. And before we get caught to these formalities, let’s just t

12、alk about the matter. Will the Child Welfare Agency care to start? Lawyer Davis: Yes, your honor. We are prepared to proceed in any way you save it. Three days ago, we received a telephone call from the social worker on duty at St. Matthew hospital informing us of a possible case of child abuse disc

13、overed as a result of medical examination by Doctor Michael Longman. Upon administrating treatment in the ER to Denis Xu, Doctor Longman had reason to suspect that Denis had been the subject of physical abuse. Judge: I’ve read the report, Ms. Avery. Very thorough as usual. Lawyer Davis: As you can

14、 see, the medical report indisputably proves that Denis Xu has been a subject of deliberate, long-term neglect and abuse. Lawyer Quinlin: Objection! No foundation, just conjecture and speculation! Judge: This is a hearing, not a trial, Mr. Quinlin, but you make a fine point. Lawyer Davis:In order

15、 to supplement the medical report, you will know that we provided additional evidence. (Lawyer Davis opened a suitcase.) Lawyer Quinlin: Your honor, we haven’t received any copies of evidence or report related to this case. Margaret Avery (murmuring): I thought you provided them with copies. Law

16、yer Davis: En. Sorry, your honor, no recite. Margaret Avery: I do n’t know how this could have happened. Lawyer Davis: Your honor, the CW A was currently carrying a full investigation of this case and has located a considerable number of witnesses, all of whom are prepared to testify regarding Mr.

17、 Datong Xu’s violent nature, and the neglect and abuse he has inflicted on his young son Denis. Lawyer Quinlin: And I can produce a hundred witnesses to testify that he is a good husband and father who rather die than see his family harmed. I count myself chief among those witnesses. Margaret Aver

18、y: As my colleague has just stated, we are in the midst of a full investigation, but we will not be calling any witnesses: we feel there is no need. Datong Xu: She really doesn’t have any witnesses. Lawyer Quinlin: Or she thinks she doesn’t need any. Margaret Avery: Your honor, I have incontrover

19、tible evidence that I feel we will quickly settle this matter in the court’s mind. (Margaret Avery and Lawyer Quinlin both walked to the judge.) Lawyer Quinlin: Your honor, perhaps I don’t understand family law, but I do understand Datong Xu. These accusations are ludicrous laughable. Margaret Av

20、ery: Perhaps you don’t understand your friend as well as you think you do. (Margaret Avery presented pictures to the judge.) Margaret Avery: According to the doctor’s report, the condition and coloration of the bruise were inflicted two days prior to Denis’head injury. We believe these photographs

21、are sufficient evidence to demonstrate that Denis Xu lives in a dangerous home environment, and should remain under the protection of the state. Judge (sternly): Please return to your seat. Lawyer Quinlin: (to Datong Xu) How could you do this to your son? Is this something you forgot to fill me in

22、 on? Did you think they will never notice your son’s back like a piece of roast beef? Datong Xu: That is Gua Sha, a traditional Chinese medical treatment. Denis had stomach ache that day, and Gua Sha is simply a cure, a… a home remedy, you call it. I had this done on me in this time when I was a ki

23、d. Lawyer Quinlin:If this is what you call some kind of treatment that he does see what you considered as child abuse! Judge: If you two want to chit chat, we can all go home. Does the defense have something more to add? Lawyer Quinlin: No. Datong Xu: Yes I do! I think you don’t understand. You

24、know, Gua Sha is a traditional Chinese medical treatment used for nearly all kinds of illnesses. For thousands of years, Chinese medicine had recognized that there are seven Jing and eight Mai（七經(jīng)八脈）. Er, for example, it is like small streams that run in to rivers and in turns fall into a sea. A pers

25、on’s body has an invisible but very complex system of vessel network, just like the computer network. And also the human Qi from Dantian finally goes to Dantian. It is the same principle!! Judge: Your kind, what is he saying? Datong Xu: It’s the kind of…(interrupted by the judge) Judge: We don’t

26、understand what you say. Perhaps I should put it in another way. What does it say on every Missouri license plate? Datong Xu:Show-me state（用證據(jù)說話）. Judge:Precisely. Can you get an authoritative medical expert to back your testimony in plain English that an old country judge can understand? Datong

27、Xu: Yes, I can try. Judge: Did you do this Gua Sha to your son yourself? (A pause) Judge: Mr. Xu? Datong Xu: Yes, I did it myself. Mrs. Xu: No! It wasn’t him. (Datong Xu started to speak Chinese.) Judge: I warn you: this hearing must be conducted in a language we all can understand. Did you h

28、ave something to add at this discussion? Mrs. Xu: No, your honor. Judge: Let me ask you one more time for the sake of clarity. Did you do this Gua Sha to your son? Datong Xu: Yes, I did. Judge: Then until I was shown otherwise, I have no choice but to conclude that Denis Xu lives in an unsafe ho

29、me environment, and should be kept under the supervision of the Child Welfare Agency tending a full trial on the charges. Key to Exercises Exercise 1 Watching for Details Students are asked to watch the video clip and choose the best answers to the questions. 1) D 2) C 3) B Exercise 2 Watchin

30、g for Specific Information Students are asked to watch the video clip again and fill in the blanks with the missing information. Lawyer Davis: Yes, your honor. We are prepared to 1) proceed in any way you save it. Three days ago, we received a telephone call from the social worker on duty at St. M

31、atthew hospital 2) informing us of a possible case of child abuse discovered 3) as a result of medical examination by Doctor Michael Longman. Upon 4) administrating treatment in the ER to Denis Xu, Doctor Longman had reason to suspect that Denis had been the subject of physical 5) abuse. Datong

32、Xu: Yes I do! I think you don’t understand. You know, Gua Sha is a 6) traditional Chinese medical treatment used for nearly all kinds of 7) illnesses. For thousands of years, Chinese medicine had recognized that there are seven Jing and eight Mai. Er, for example, it is like small 8) streams that ru

33、n into rivers and in turns fall into a sea. A person’s body has an 9) invisible but very complex system of 10) vessel network, just like the computer network. And also the human Qi（氣）from Dantian（丹田）finally goes to Dantian. The same principle! Task 2 In task 2, students will watch a video clip abo

34、ut the art of paper-cutting and then do the exercises as required. Before watching, students are supposed to read the words, expressions and cultural note related to the video. Transcript The Art of Paper-cutting What I have done is only a rough idea of what I’m going to cut out. Then I’m going t

35、o cut it out with my scissors. (Folk paper-cutting is a Chinese art form. It’s just like traditional Chinese painting, oil painting or calligraphy. What’s wonderful about paper-cutting is that it isn’t just limited to people in the countryside—everyone from all different communities do it too.) (J

36、ust like she mentioned, Liu Ren tries her best to promote the art in China and also the world.) I like doing freehand paper-cutting. Ideally you shouldn’t draw a design on the paper and then cut it out. The best part about paper-cutting is you, the paper and scissors working together. In 1993, I wa

37、s invited to exhibit Chinese paper-cutting to other countries. I hope to build more recognition for Chinese folk paper-cutting. In order to pass on this art form, I teach people who really love the art of Chinese paper-cutting, and I don’t charge them any tuition. Last year, I had an American studen

38、t who was studying Chinese culture at a UK university. He came to China to write his thesis. I gave him some lessons on Chinese paper-cutting. After he went back to continue his studies, he entered a logo design competition in his university. He created a logo by doing a paper-cutting and he won the

39、 top prize! The young student was so excited and he told me that his college friends all wanted to learn more about Chinese paper-cutting and even about me. The art form is warmly welcomed in the UK. My dream is to set up one or two paper-cutting museums in other countries. When I was young, I made

40、 butterflies in different art forms. I think everyone is born with artistic talent. Key to Exercises Exercise 1 Watching for Details Students are asked to watch the video clip and answer the following questions. 1) What’s wonderful about paper-cutting？ Paper-cutting isn’t just limited to people

41、 in the countryside and everyone from all different communities does it too. 2) What does Liu Ren try her best to do? She tries hard to promote the paper-cutting art in China and also the world. 3) What does Liu Ren do to pass on the art of paper-cutting? In order to pass on this art form, she t

42、eaches people who really love the art of Chinese paper-cutting, and she does n’t charge them any tuition. 4) Where does Liu Ren’s student come from? America. 5) What is Liu Ren’s dream? Her dream is to set up one or two paper-cutting museums in other countries. Exercise 2 Watching for Specific

43、Information Students are asked to watch the video clip again and fill in the blanks with the missing information. aper and really love the art of Chinese paper- write his I gave him some lessons After he went back to by doing a paper-cutting and he won the top prize! The young student was so ex

44、cited and he told me that his college friends all wanted to learn more about Chinese paper-cutting and even about Part II Listening Activities In this part, you will have 3 listening tasks to accomplish. Task 1 In task 1, students will listen to a passage about national symbols and then do the e

45、xercises as required. Before listening, they are supposed to read the words, expressions and cultural notes related to the passage. Transcript National Symbols When many people in the west think of China, the animal that they think of is the dragon. For them, the dragon is an aggressive monster t

46、hat breathes fire. Many popular legends tell of how dragons killed brave knights and ate beautiful maidens. For Chinese people however, the dragon is not an evil monster. It’s a cultural and spiritual symbol for prosperity and good luck. The dragon’s main task is to create harmony and bring rain. D

47、ragons are celebrated in art and architecture, and of course the dragon dance is a very popular ritual. Millions of Chinese hav e the word “l(fā)ong”, meaning dragon, as part of their name s. China isn’t the only country to have the dragon as its symbol. Wales, one of the four countries in the UK, has

48、a red dragon proudly displayed on its flag. The only other country in the world with a dragon on its flag is Bhutan, the tiny country between China and India. Almost all countries in the world have an animal symbol to represent their country, and it is particularly obvious during sports. The Englis

49、h see lions as brave, proud animals and the England football team have three lions on the front of their football shirts. Australia is famous for kangaroos, of course. The national rugby team is more commonly known as the Wallabies, a kind of small kangaroo. Similarly, the South African team are kn

50、own as the Springboks, a type of African antelope, and the New Zealander s, whether playing sports or not, are commonly known as Kiwis. A kiwi is a native New Zealand bird that can’t fly. All countries are proud of their symbols, which they feel reflect national characteristics or the beauty and va

51、riety of their natural environments. Recently, a Shanghai professor claimed that using the dragon as a national symbol could make western countries have a negative view of China. But in an internet survey 90% of Chinese people wanted to keep the dragon, and as we are all familiar with that Chinese s

52、ymbol, people in the west would no doubt want China to keep the dragon too. Key to Exercises Exercise 1 Making a Sound Judgment Students are asked to listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). F 1) People in the west have the same ideas about dra

53、gons as people in China. F 2) In China, dragons bring bad luck. T 3) Only two countries in the world have a dragon on their flag. T 4) The England football team have three lions on the front of their football shirts. T 5) Many Chinese people want to keep the dragon as a symbol of China. Exercis

54、e 2 Listening for Specific Information Students are asked to listen to the passage again and fill in the blanks with the missing information. When many people in the west 1) think of China, the animal that they think of is the 2) dragon . For them, the dragon is an 3) aggressive monster that 4) br

55、eathes fire. Many popular 5) legends tell of how dragons killed brave knights and ate beautiful maidens. For Chinese people, however, the dragon is not an evil monster. It’s a cultural and 6) spiritual symbol for 7) prosperity and good luck. The dragon’s main task is to create 8) harmony and bring

56、rain. Dragons are celebrated in art and 9) architecture, and of course the dragon dance is a very popular 10) ritual. Millions of Chinese have the word ‘long’, meaning dragon, as part of their name. Exercise 3 Essay Writing China, as one of the oldest countries in the world, does not only have the

57、 dragon as her symbol, but also a lot of others, which keep distinctive ancient Chinese features. Now students are asked to write an essay entitled Chinese Symbols with no less than 160 words to introduce other distinctive symbols of China. Sample Chinese Symbols It is known to all that national

58、symbols are heavily culture-oriented. With the world’s longest continuous civilization, for more than 40 centuries, its people created a culture with strong philosophies, traditions and values. Thus, the national symbols for china are numerous and distinctive. The first to mention is, the Great Wal

59、l, which is one of the symbols of China and one of the seven wonders in the world. In the imperial periods, this magnificent construction was used in the defense of enemies. Sublime as it is, the Great wall is the only construction on earth that can be seen from the outer space. When many people in

60、 the west think of China, the animal that they may think of is the Giant Panda, which is the national animal of China. Giant Panda is one of the most precious animals in the world. It is easily known by its large, distinctive black patches around the ears, and on its rotund body. Terracotta-clay wa

61、rriors, which unearthed in Xi’an, is another symbol to represent Chinese long history. It is a famous ancient city, which was sculptured in Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of China. As one of the cradles of human civilization, China possesses so many treasures with distinctive characteristics. The a

62、bove mentioned are just a drop of water into the sea and a grave stone in comparison of the sand. Task 2 In task 2, students will listen to a dialogue about culture shock and then do the exercises as required. Before listening, they are supposed to read the words, expressions and cultural note re

63、lated to the dialogue. Transcript Culture Shock (Terry Joyce talks about her experience of living and working in England, where she has been for the past eleven years.) Interviewer: So, Terry. You have been in England for quite a long time now. Terry: Mmm. Interviewer: What differences do you

64、notice between England and the United States? Terry:Obviously the biggest difference is the people. The average Englishman is…mmm…cold and not very open. Interviewer: Oh. Terry: In the United States it’s very different. We start conversations with people in the street, in the subway; we’re a lot

65、more outgoing than people here. You know, when I first came, I couldn’t understand why I was getting so little reaction from people, but now I see that they thought I was overpowering and too friendly too soon. Interviewer: But, tell me: Does the Englishman improves as you get to know him? Terry:

66、Oh, yes. Interviewer: Oh, good. Terry: Once you have made a friend, it’s a friend for life, but it takes a very long time. I’ll tell you something that I think is very important. An Englishman in America is respected. Everyone wants to talk to him. We’re inquisitive. We love his accent and his country.But Americans in England are thought to be a little inferior because of their