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1、 成人高考專升本英語考試真題及參考答案 　　　一、Phonetics (5 points)?Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and D.Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by

2、 blackening the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ. 　　第1題單選 選出下面讀音不同的選項()。 　　A. lamb 　　B. bombing 　　C. comb 　　D. ambition 　　參考答案：D 　　第2題單選 選出下面讀音不同的選項()。 　　A. guilt 　　B. build 　　C. guide 　　D. guitar 　　參考答案：C 　　第3題單選 選出下面讀音不同的選項()。 　　A. laugh 　　B. weigh 　　C. tough 　　D. rough 　　參

3、考答案：B 　　第4題單選 選出下面讀音不同的選項()。 　　A. theater 　　B. threat 　　C. thread 　　D. treasure 　　參考答案：A 　　第5題單選 選出下面讀音不同的選項()。 　　A. grand 　　B. gravity 　　C. gratitude 　　D. grateful 　　參考答案：D 　　二、Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)?Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section.For each s

4、entence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ. 　　第6題單選 There arent many wild pandas __________ in the world today. 　　A. live 　　B. living 　　C. to live 　　D. lived 　　參考答案：B 　　參考解析：ther

5、e be句型中已含有謂語動詞，因此排除可在句中做謂語的live(選項A)和 lived(選項D)。動詞+ing表示正在進行，to+動詞表示將要進行。這里指活著的熊貓。本句句意是：現(xiàn)今世界上沒有多少活著的野生大熊貓了。 　　第7題單選 __________ I could say anything more, Holmes had rushed off towards the door. 　　A. Before 　　B. After 　　C. When 　　D. As 　　參考答案：A 　　參考解析：before在……之前;after在……之后;when意為“那時，然后”;as當…

6、…時候。 注意原句動詞的時態(tài)。前句是過去時，后句是過去完成時。說明在前句動作還沒有發(fā)生時，后句的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。本句句意是：我還沒來得及說更多，Holmes已經(jīng)朝門口沖過去了。 　　第8題單選 Since you feel so strongly about this matter, you should make your views __________ to other committee members. 　　A. know 　　B.knowing 　　C.being known 　　D.known 　　參考答案：D 　　參考解析：句中的意思是“讓你的觀點眾所周知”，即觀

7、點被人知道。make sth.done使某事 被做。動詞的過去分詞表示被動。本句句意是：既然你對這件事感覺如此強烈，就應當把你的看法告訴委員會的其他成員。 　　第9題單選 They demanded that the government __________ all political prisoners in the next two days. 　　A. free 　　B. freed 　　C. will free 　　D. would free 　　參考答案：A 　　參考解析：一些表示命令、建議、要求等的動詞在主句中做謂語時，其賓語從句中的謂語動詞應用虛擬語氣should

8、 do。should可省略，只用動詞原型。本句句意是：他們要求政府在兩天內(nèi)釋放所有政治犯。 　　第10題單選 Nelson is a creative liar who is always making __________ unusual excuses for not doing his work. 　　A. across 　　B. away 　　C. off 　　D. up 　　參考答案：D 　　參考解析：make across沒有這個搭配，make away意為“離去，逃走”;make off意為“離開，逃走”;make up意為“補償，虛構”。本句句意是：Nelson是

9、一個有創(chuàng)意的騙子，他總能為自己不干活兒編出非同一般的借口。 　　第11題單選 -- I didnt go to class last night because my car broke down. 　　-- You __________ mine. I wasnt using it. 　　A. could borrow 　　B. may borrow 　　C. could have borrowed 　　D. may have borrowed 　　參考答案：C 　　參考解析：從第一句可知事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生，對于已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的推測應用情態(tài)動詞的過去式 +have done，意為“

10、過去本可以做的事卻沒做”。本句句意是：——昨天晚上我沒去上課，因為我的車壞了?！惚究梢越栉业能?，我沒用車。 　　第12題單選 In our view, the root __________ of the crime problem is poverty and unemployment. 　　A. solution 　　B.reason 　　C.cause 　　D.fact 　　參考答案：C 　　第13題單選 There are __________ fewer custom tailors and dressmakers in the U. S. than in Euro

11、pean countries. 　　so 　　very 　　far 　　too 　　參考答案：C 　　第14題單選 In the first semester, I asked my teacher __________. 　　A.what courses should I take 　　B.what courses I should take 　　C.I should take what courses 　　D.should I take what courses 　　參考答案：B 　　第15題單選 After the party, we had to tidy up

12、 the kitchen, which was a(n) __________ mess. 　　A. exact 　　B. entire 　　C. definite 　　D. complete 　　參考答案：D 　　第16題單選 Their experiment __________, Tom and Mary set out to write the report on the results. 　　A.done 　　B.to be done 　　C.being done 　　D.will be done 　　參考答案：D 　　第17題單選 A newspaper h

13、eadline concerning new energy development __________ his attention and he was much interested in making investment in it. 　　A. gave 　　B. caught 　　C. turned 　　D. paid 　　參考答案：B 　　第18題單選 Would you please let me finish my words? Dont __________ in the middle of a sentence. 　　A. put me off 　　B. c

14、ut me off 　　C. keep me off 　　D. get me off 　　參考答案：B 　　參考解析：give one’s attention to意為“注意”;pay attention to意為“留心，關心”：catch one，s attention意為“吸引某人的注意力”;turn one’s attention to意為“把某人的注意 力轉(zhuǎn)向……”。根據(jù)后半句：他被某事吸引才有興趣做某事。本句句意是：有關新能源開發(fā)的新聞標題吸引了他的注意，他有意在這方面投資。 　　第19題單選 Would you please let me finish my words?

15、 Dont __________ in the middle of a sentence. 　　A. put me off 　　B. cut me off 　　C. keep me off 　　D. get me off 　　參考答案：B 　　參考解析：put sb.ofr意為“使分心”;cut sb.off意為“打斷某人的話”;keep sb.off意為“不讓接近”;get sb.off意為“離開，幫助某人免受處罰”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)尾：說話中間，可以判斷句子的中心意思是說話時被人打斷。本句句意是：你讓我說完好嗎? 不要打斷我的話。 　　第20題單選 -- Have you ever

16、 played bridge? 　　-- Yes. We__________ on weekends when I was in college. 　　A. would have played 　　B. should have played 　　C. used to play 　　D. had played 　　參考答案：C 　　參考解析：used to do表示過去常常做某事，現(xiàn)在可能不做了。周末是復數(shù)，說明每個周末 都玩兒。“上大學時”表示過去發(fā)生的事。本句句意是：——你玩兒過橋牌嗎? ——玩兒過。上大學時我們常在周末打橋牌。 　　三、Cloze (20 points)Di

17、rections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ. 　　Scientists have been struggling to find out the reason behind blushing (臉紅). Why would

18、 　　humans evolve(進化) a 21__________ that puts us at a social disadvantage by 22__________ us to reveal that we have cheated or lied? 　　Charles Darwin pointed out that 23__________ all people of all races blush，animals do not. When it came to explaining the reason, he was 24 __________ a loss. That

19、 has not stopped others from trying. 　　One 25 __________ is that blushing started out as a way to show we obey authoritative members of the group. Later, as our social interactions became 26__________ complex, it became involved with higher, self-conscious 27__________ such as guilt, shame and emba

20、rrassment. This would seem to put individuals at a disadvantage，but blushing might actually make a person more 28 __________ or socially desirable. 　　29__________ that women blush more than men，one university researcher suggests that blushing might have evolved as a way for women to 30__________ th

21、eir honesty to men so as to win their support in raising children. Some zoologists also think blushing could have emerged as a way to foster trust. " If you were to go hunting 31__________ a stone-faced partner，you could never 32__________ what he wants. “he says. 　　Once blushing became 33 ________

22、__ with embarrassment, anyone who did not blush might have been at a disadvantage because we are 34 __________ likely to trust someone who appears never to feel 35 __________ about anything. 　　第21題單選 填入(21)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. response 　　B. reply 　　C. reflection 　　D. recall 　　參考答案：A 　　參考解析：文章主題是人類

23、為什么會臉紅。response意為“反應”;reply意為“回復”;reflection意為“反射，倒影”;recall意為“回憶”。根據(jù)文章主題，臉紅是一種反應。 　　第22題單選 填入(22)處的最佳答案是()。ding 　　B. forcing 　　C. encouraging 　　D. preventing 　　參考答案：B 　　參考解析：forbid意為“禁止”;force意為“迫使”;encourage意為“鼓勵”;prevent意為“阻止”。根據(jù)原文，臉紅會暴露自己在說謊。 　　第23題單選 填入(23)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. when 　　B. whi

24、le 　　C. since 　　D. because 　　參考答案：B 　　參考解析：這里引用達爾文所說的話。when和while都表示“當……時候”的意思，但while 有“與……相反”的意思，翻譯成“然而，卻”。since和because表示原因。根據(jù)上下文，這里是說人類與動物不一樣，人類會臉紅，而動物卻不臉紅。應選擇表示相反的詞。 　　第24題單選 填入(24)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. on 　　B. in 　　C. at 　　D. of 　　參考答案：C 　　參考解析：at a loss是固定詞組，表示茫然。這部分是說，達爾文指出人類會臉紅而動物不會的時候也

25、是茫然的，說不出其原因。 　　第25題單選 填入(25)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. suggestion 　　B. advice 　　C. solution 　　D. question 　　參考答案：A 　　參考解析：suggestion意為“建議”;advice意為“勸告”;solution意為“解決”;question意為“問題”。達爾文解不開的謎，更多的人想試一試。所謂“試(trying)”就是不肯定。 　　第26題單選 填入(26)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. apparently 　　B. completely 　　C. awkwardly 　　D. i

26、ncreasingly 　　參考答案：D 　　參考解析：apparently意為“明顯地”;completely意為“完全地”;awkwardly意為“危險地，不舒服地”;increasingly意為“日益地”。根據(jù)原文，社會在發(fā)展，社會交往肯定也是日益復雜。 　　第27題單選 填入(27)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. moods 　　B. senses 　　C. emotions 　　D. tempers 　　參考答案：C 　　參考解析：mood意為“情緒、心情”;sense意為“感官”;emotion意為“情感”;temper意為“脾氣”。原文列舉了如guilt(愧疚)

27、、shame(羞愧)、embarrassment(尷尬)等感覺。這些顯然不屬于sense(感官)和temper(脾氣)，排除。mood和emotion的區(qū)別在于，mood表示就某種事件或某段時間影響下所產(chǎn)生的心情或情緒，emotion表示主觀上的下意識的感覺。原文在分析人類臉紅的原因，從人類自身的情感著手。所以，這里應是emotion。 　　第28題單選 填入(28)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. privileged 　　B. embarrassed 　　C. energetic 　　D. attractive 　　參考答案：D 　　參考解析：privileged意為“享有特權

28、的”;embarrassment意為“尷尬”;energetic意為“充 滿活力的”;attractive意為“有吸引力的”。根據(jù)原文空格后的“or socially desirable(社交上更合適)”判斷，attractive(有吸引力的)最恰當：人類的臉紅可能使 人更具有吸引力或者說社交上更合適。 　　第29題單選 填入(29)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. Noting 　　B. Providing 　　C. Assuming 　　D. Hoping 　　參考答案：A 　　參考解析：note意為“注意”;provide意為“提供”;assume意為“假設”;hope意為“

29、希望”。根據(jù)原文，注意到女性較男性更容易臉紅…… 　　第30題單選 填入(30)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. assure 　　B. approve 　　C. confirm 　　D. demonstrate 　　參考答案：D 　　參考解析：assure意為“確信”;approve意為“批準”;confirm意為“確認”;demonstrate意為“顯示，證明”。根據(jù)原文，女性的臉紅是向男性表示誠實的一種方式。 　　第31題單選 填入(31)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. for 　　B. with 　　C. by 　　D. as 　　參考答案：B 　　參考解析：

30、這里表示伴隨狀態(tài)，應用with。原文大意是，跟一個面無表情的人去打獵，…… 　　第32題單選 填入(32)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. say 　　B. speak 　　C. tell 　　D. talk 　　參考答案：C 　　參考解析：C say意為“說”;speak意為“發(fā)言”;tell意為“告訴”;talk意為“談話”。根據(jù)原文，可直接排除speak和talk。say和tell的區(qū)別是，say表示所說的內(nèi)容，通常陳述說者原話，tell把信息傳達給別人。根據(jù)原文，你根本不知道他要什么。 　　第33題單選 填入(33)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. united 　　B

31、. related 　　C. contacted 　　D. associated 　　參考答案：D 　　參考解析：united意為“一致的，統(tǒng)一的”;related意為“有關系的”;contact with意為“ 與……聯(lián)系/接觸”;associate with意為“與……相聯(lián)系”，根據(jù)原文，一旦臉紅與尷尬聯(lián)系在一起，…… 　　第34題單選 填入(34)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. more 　　B. that 　　C. less 　　D. so 　　參考答案：C 　　第35題單選 填入(35)處的最佳答案是()。 　　A. ashamed 　　B. disappo

32、inted 　　C. satisfied 　　D. pleased 　　參考答案：A 　　參考解析：C、A最后一句話兩個空連起來分析，先分析后者。全文試圖分析人類臉紅的原因。人類臉紅也是自我意識情感的反映，諸如內(nèi)疚、羞愧、尷尬等等。所以，如果有人從不感到羞恥，那我們可能很少會相信這個人。less likely to trust很少會相信。 　　四、Reading Comprehension (75 points)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by fi

33、ve questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ. 　　June came and the hay (干草) was almost ready for cutting. On Midsummers Eve, which was a Saturday, Mr. Jones went into Willington and

34、got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back until midday on Sunday. His men had milked the cows in the early morning and then had gone out chatting without bothering to feed the animals. When Mr. Jones got back, he immediately went to sleep on the living-room sofa with the "News of the Wo

35、rld" over his face. When evening came, the animals were still not fed. At last, they could stand no longer. One of the cows broke into the door of the storehouse with her horns and all the animals began to help themselves to the grains. 　　It was just then that Mr. Jones woke up. The next moment he

36、and his four men were in the storehouse with whips in their hands, whipping in all directions. This was more than the hungry animals would bear. Together, though nothing of the kind had been planned beforehand, they jumped upon their masters. Mr. Jones and his men suddenly found themselves being str

37、uck with the horns and kicked from all sides. The situation was quite out Of their control. They had never seen these animals act like this before. This sudden rebellion of the creatures, which they were used 　　to beating and whipping just as they chose, frightened them. After only a moment or two,

38、 they gave up trying to defend themselves. A minute later all five of them were in full fright down the road with the animals running after them joyfully. 　　第36題單選 The four men did not feed the cows because __________. 　　A. they had not cut the hay yet 　　B. M Jones wasnt at home 　　C. they did no

39、t have time to feed them 　　D. the cows had fed themselves 　　參考答案：B 　　參考解析：這是一個幽默小故事。第一段。文中說喬恩先生在仲夏夜喝醉了酒，直到第二天 　　第37題單選 The cows broke into the storehouse because __________. 　　A. they did not like their masters 　　B. M Jones forgot to lock the door 　　C. they were kept in the cow-house too long

40、 　　D. they were too hungry to wait for the feed 　　參考答案：D 　　參考解析：第一段。牛一整天都沒有吃到東西，實在忍受不了了，便沖破了倉庫的門。 　　第38題單選 What the five men finally do with the cows? 　　A. They chased and drove the cows awa 　　B. They continued beating the cow 　　C. They gave up the defense and ran awa 　　D. They gave in and f

41、ed the cow 　　參考答案：C 　　參考解析：第二段。喬恩先生和他的四個工人手拿皮鞭沖入倉庫抽打他們的牛。 　　第39題單選 We can learn from the passage that __________. 　　A. the cows often ran out to look for food 　　B. the cows often had fights with their masters 　　C. M Jones and his men often beat the cows 　　D. M Jones and his men often forgot t

42、o feed the cows 　　參考答案：C 　　參考解析：第二段。事情一發(fā)生，他們立刻人手一根鞭。作者描述他們從沒見過這些牛如此大膽地反抗，以及描述他們已經(jīng)習慣了隨意鞭打這些牛。這些都證實了一點，即喬恩和他的工人經(jīng)常鞭打牛。 　　It was sunrise on an August morning when the captain and his crew cast their nets some 50 miles south of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico. As the net was pulled over, the contents

43、were poured out followed by excited cries of "Coins! Coins! 　　" The fishermen quickly realized they had realized a fishermens dream: sunken treasure! And not just any treasure, but early American silver dollars that had gone down 210 years earlier. 　　In 1784, at the end of the American Revolutiona

44、ry War, a heavily armed ship was bund for the port of New Orleans. On board was a fortune in Spanish Silver Dollars. Hundreds of thousands of them were loaded for the trip to New Orleans, yet not a single one arrived. With no survivors from the ill-fated voyage, historians can only guess at what hap

45、pened. Some say powerful storms took her down while others speculate it was treasure-hungry pirates (海盜) . Whatever happened, the secret -- along with a treasure valued near $100,000,000 in todays dollars -- was sent to a watery grave some 300 feet below the oceans surface. 　　Spanish Silver Dollars

46、 were the favorite coins of colonial Americans. Widely used and accepted as payment in the thirteen colonies, the United States government gave them the status of official legal tender. Unfortunately, even though they were struck in large quantities, not many of them survive today. After the Civil W

47、ar, the government withdrew them from circulation and they were melted down. 　　Due to the historic discovery of the treasure, GovM is releasing these coins to the public for an amazingly low price. For a limited time, these authentic silver dollars are priced at$49 plus shipping and handling -- a d

48、ramatic reduction from the market price of this coin anywhere else worldwide. 　　第40題單選 What surprised the fishermen on an August morning? 　　A. Their net contained a big strange-looking fish. 　　B. They found the treasure sunken 210 years ago. 　　C. They found some pieces of a sunken ship in the ne

49、t. 　　D. Their net suddenly got caught by something deep in the water. 　　參考答案：B 　　參考解析：這是有關海底寶藏的故事。第一段。漁民在墨西哥灣打魚，漁網(wǎng)撈上來的不是魚，而是沉入海底的寶藏——210年前沉入海底的美國銀元。 　　第41題單選 What happened to the ship heading for New Orleans in 1784? 　　A. Loaded with too much cargo, it hit on the rock 　　B. Robbed by pirates, i

50、t lost $100,000,000s worth of good 　　C. It disappeared but nobody knew exactly what had happene 　　D. It was caught in a terrible Storm and went down into the ocea 　　參考答案：C 　　參考解析：第二段。敘述210年前發(fā)生的事。1784年，一艘滿載的船出發(fā)去新奧爾良，船上裝有大量的西班牙銀元。然而卻沒有一枚到達目的地，也沒有一個人生還。所以，沒有人知道究竟發(fā)生了什么。有人認為是暴風雨導致它沉沒(選項D)，有人認為是海盜搶了它(

51、選項B)。兩種原因都只是猜測，不是正確選項。選項A本文中沒有提及。 　　第42題單選 What do we know about "Spanish Silver Dollars"? 　　A. Today one coin equals to 49 dollars in the world marke 　　B. They were widely used in America after the Civil Wa 　　C. Issued in small amounts, not many of them surviv 　　D. They were officially accepte

52、d in the 13 colonie 　　參考答案：D 　　參考解析：第三段。敘述西班牙銀元在美國的歷史。西班牙銀元曾在美國的13個州廣泛使用，并被認定為官方法定貨幣。選項D是正確的。選項A在第四段提及，與此題無關。選項B與原文相反。文中說內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后政府就把這些貨幣熔掉了。選項C前半部分與原文相反。文中說曾經(jīng)的使用量是很大的。 　　第43題單選 In which section of a magazine would you probably find this article? 　　A. Sports 　　B. Housing 　　C. History 　　D. Fashion

53、 　　參考答案：C 　　參考解析：這篇文章主要從歷史的角度敘述了210年前沉入海底的美國銀元。所以，應該在雜志的歷史欄目里看到這篇文章。 　　The environment affects the way people interact. To examine this conclusion, two researchers "decorated" three rooms. One room was refurnished to look ugly. The second room was intended to look average. The third room was desig

54、ned to be beautiful. Individuals were then asked to sit in one of the three rooms and rate several pictures of peoples faces. The results indicated that the environment has a significant effect on the way people rated the faces. Subjects in the beautiful room gave the pictures higher rates than did

55、subjects in the ugly room. In addition, subjects in the ugly room found the task more unpleasant and boring than did subjects in the beautiful room. Subjects assigned to the ugly room attempted to leave sooner than did subjects assigned to the beautiful room. Color is one environmental factor that c

56、an affect your mood and even your ability to concentrate. One researcher concluded that the most pleasant colors, listed in order of preference, were blue, green, purple, red and yellow. The colors listed from most to least arousing were red, orange, yellow, violet, blue and green. 　　Lighting also

57、affects behavior. Elegant restaurants with dim lighting create a mood of intimacy (親密) that encourages conversation. The bright lights of an office or a classroom, on the other hand, arouse and stimulate thinking. 　　Room decoration, color, lighting, and even music and temperature all influence comm

58、unication with others; but there is no all-purpose environment. The ideal environment depends on the task that will be performed as well as on the needs and expectations of those present. The same environmental factors that encourage lively conversation and dancing at a New Years Eve party cannot be

59、 expected to create a serene climate in which to study for final exams. 　　第44題單選 Paragraph 1 shows that subjects in the ugly room tend to be __. 　　A. less patient 　　B. less considerate 　　C. more enthusiastic 　　D. more confident 　　參考答案：A 　　參考解析：這是有關環(huán)境對人類心理影響的科學實驗。第一段的后半截，被請到三個經(jīng)過布置的房間里的受試者感覺非常不

60、愉快，并且急于離開房間。 　　第45題單選 Which color is the most helpful for keeping a good mood? 　　A. Gree 　　B. Blu 　　C. Orang 　　D. Re 　　參考答案：B 　　參考解析：第二段。顏色會影響人們的注意力。從能使人愉悅因而保持注意力的角度，色彩從強到弱排列，第一位的就是藍色。選項B是正確的。后面又說，最能令人振奮的顏色是紅色，所以選項D是錯的。 　　第46題單選 What effect can dim lights of an eating environment bring about

61、? 　　A. Arousing active thinkin 　　B. Improving work efficienc 　　C. Creating a tense atmospher 　　D. Stimulating talks among peopl 　　參考答案：D 　　參考解析：第三段。燈光會影響人們的情緒。比較暗的燈光會增加人與人之間的親密感。這也是為什么餐廳會采用比較暗的燈光。選項D是正確的。然而，要提高思考的效果還是明亮的燈光。選項A是錯的。 　　第47題單選 The underlined word "serene" in the last sentence is

62、closed in meaning to __ 　　A. serious and grave 　　B. calm and peaceful 　　C. pleasant and friendly 　　D. cold and indifferent 　　參考答案：B 　　參考解析：第四段?？偨Y(jié)。根據(jù)不同的目的設計不同的環(huán)境。為新年晚會設計的場所肯定不適合期末考試的復習。可以想象，期末考試需要的是能夠讓人安靜、平和的場所。 　　There is nothing more possible than a new hip or knee that can put the spring ba

63、ck in your step. Patients receiving joint implants (移植) often are able to resume many of the physical activities they love, even those as vigorous as tennis and hiking. No wonder, then, that joint replacement is growing in popularity. 　　In the United States in 2007, surgeons performed about 806,000

64、 hip and knee implants (the joints most commonly replaced), double the number of performed a decade earlier. Though these procedures have become routine, they are not failure free. 　　"Implants must sometimes be replaced," said Dr. Henrik Malchau, an orthopedic surgeon (矯正外科醫(yī)生) at Massachusetts Gene

65、ral Hospital in Boston. A study published in 2007 found that 7 percent of hips implanted in Medicare patients had to be replaced within seven and a half years. 　　"The percentage may sound low, but the finding suggests that thousands of hip patients eventually require a second operation," said Dr. M

66、alchau. Those patients must endure additional recoveries, often painful, and increased medical expenses. 　　The failure rate should be lower, many experts agree. Sweden, for instance, has a failure rate estimated to be a third of that in the United States. Sweden also has a national joint replacement registry, a database of information from which surgeons can learn how and why certain procedures go wrong. A registry also helps surgeons learn quickly whether a specific type of