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1、句子成分定義 ：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)次要成分：表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ) 1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)（subject）句子說(shuō)明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The

2、young should respect the old. What he has said is true. （名詞） （代詞） （數(shù)詞）（不定式） （動(dòng)名詞） （名詞化的形容詞） （句子） 找出句中主語(yǔ)The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book.It i

3、s very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（名詞） （代詞）（數(shù)詞）（動(dòng)名詞） （不定式） （句子）(名詞化的形容詞）（It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ)） 謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ) 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞; He can speak English well. She doesnt seem to like dancing Show y

4、our passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? （名詞 ）( 代詞）(數(shù)詞)(名詞化的形容詞)(三)賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（句子） 賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ).直接賓語(yǔ)指物或事,間接賓語(yǔ)指人或動(dòng)

5、物. He gave me some books.間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers. （四）表語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語(yǔ)1. The war was over.2. They seem to know the truth.3. Time is precious.4. Im not quite myself today.5. That remains a puzzle.6. I dont feel at ease. 安逸，自由自在 （五）定語(yǔ)修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句 He is

6、a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.(形容詞) (名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(動(dòng)名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過(guò)去分詞) 定語(yǔ)后置：如果定語(yǔ)是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置The girl in

7、red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now? （六）狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late

8、 that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made h

9、imself known to them. （六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的身份和狀態(tài)以補(bǔ)充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. She asked me to lend her a hand. 同位語(yǔ) 位于名詞或代詞后面，說(shuō)明它們的性質(zhì)和情況 We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the olde

10、st among them four.He told me the news that our team won the game.名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句 Exercises:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)1）You are a student.2）He felt happy today.3）What you said made me happy.4）Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?5）After he finished his homework, he went away. 6）He likes pop music.7）The s

11、ound sounds strange.8）The food tastes good.9）He gave me a book yesterday. 10）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. 人稱代詞 I我 you你 he他 she她 they他們 me我（賓格）you你（賓格）him他（賓格）her她（賓格）them他們（賓格） 物主代詞 my我的 his他的 your你的（your你們的） their他們的 her她的 指示代詞 this這 that那 these這些 those 那些 反身代詞 myself我自己 himself

12、他自己 themselves他們自己 疑問(wèn)代詞 who誰(shuí) what什么 which哪個(gè) 不定代詞 some一些 many許多 both兩個(gè)；兩個(gè)都 關(guān)系代詞 which的物 who的人 that的人或物 who誰(shuí) that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 相互代詞 each other 互相 one another互相 連接代詞 who, whom, whose,what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 系動(dòng)詞1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞） 例如： He is a teacher. （is與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份。） 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞 keep, rest

13、, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。3）表像系動(dòng)詞 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起來(lái)很累。 4）感官系動(dòng)詞 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。注 意 ： 系 動(dòng) 詞 不 用 于 被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài) .5）變化系動(dòng)詞 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。6）終止系動(dòng)詞 prove, turn out, 表達(dá)“證實(shí)”，“變成”之意例如： The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。