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1、 定 語 從 句 中考對(duì)定語從句的考查主要集中在定語從句的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)系詞的用法上,重點(diǎn)考查由that,which,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 高頻考向一定語從句的關(guān)系詞定語從句在句中作定語,修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系代詞who,whom,that,which,whose或關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等引出。who,whom,that代替的先行詞是指人的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。如:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他是想見你的那個(gè)人嗎?He is the man (who
2、/whom/that) I saw yesterday.他是昨天我看到的那個(gè)人。which,that代替的先行詞是指代事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。如:Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。The coat (that/which) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的外套是藍(lán)色的。 whose用來指人或物,在句中只用作定語。如:Please pass me the book whose cover is green.請(qǐng)把封面是綠色的那本書遞給我。關(guān)系副詞有when,whe
3、re,why,它們?cè)诰渲凶鳡钫Z。如:Ill never forget the days when we studied together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起學(xué)習(xí)的那些日子。This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.這是我爸十年前工作的城市。 【例1】 The woman _ is singing on the TV show is our English teacher.(2016,成都)Awho Bwhich Cwhose 解析:分析題干可知,本句是含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句?!癬 is singing on the TV s
4、how”是定語從句,先行詞the woman指人,且關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作主語,應(yīng)用who/that引導(dǎo)定語從句。which引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)先行詞通常指物,whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)在從句中只能作定語。答案:_A 【例2】 Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience _ people cannot get at home.(2016,河南)Athat Bwho Cwhom Dwhat解析:句意為“如果電影院能提供人們?cè)诩依锊荒塬@得的電影體驗(yàn),電影院可能會(huì)有一個(gè)更加光明的未來?!庇删湟?/p>
5、及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可判斷,空格處所填內(nèi)容引導(dǎo)定語從句,且在從句中作賓語。that指代人或物,在從句中作主語或賓語;who和whom指代人,who在從句中可作主語,whom作賓語;what不能作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,由先行詞experience是表示物的名詞可得知正確答案。答案:_A 【例3】 This is the primary school _ I studied three years ago.Awhere Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich解析:先行詞school在定語從句中作studied的地點(diǎn)狀語。答案:_A 高頻考向二關(guān)系詞只能用that而不用which的情況當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾
6、時(shí)。如:This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.這是我所看過的最激烈的一場(chǎng)足球賽。當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如:The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.你首先要做的就是關(guān)燈。當(dāng)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none等不定代詞時(shí)(something后也可用which)。如:All that we have to do for our s
7、tudents is to tell them how to speak English in class.我們要為學(xué)生做的所有的事情就是告訴他們?nèi)绾卧谡n上說英語。Im going to buy everything that I need.我要去買我所需要的一切東西。 當(dāng)先行詞前面有only,just,very,any,no等詞修飾時(shí)。如:Thats the only thing that we can do now.那是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。當(dāng)先行詞指代的既含有人又含有物時(shí)。如:They are talking about things and persons that they rem
8、embered.他們正在談?wù)撍麄兯芑貞浧饋淼娜嘶蚴隆?【例4】 This is one of the most interesting cities _ I have ever visited.(2016,蘭州)Awho Bthat Cwhich Dwhere解析:分析題干和選項(xiàng)可知,此題考查定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的選擇。“_ I have ever visited”為定語從句,先行詞cities指事物且關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作visited的賓語;另外,當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞只能用that而不用which。答案:_【例5】 Look at the boy and his d
9、og _ are coming this way.Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhom解析:先行詞指代的既含有人又含有物時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用that。 答案:_BC 高頻考向三關(guān)系詞只能用who(whom)而不用that的情況當(dāng)先行詞為all,any或其合成詞或a few且指人時(shí)。如:Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何違法的人都會(huì)受到懲罰。當(dāng)先行詞為that,this,those或these且指人時(shí)。如:Those who hadnt bought the tickets for the train crowded in the wa
10、iting hall.那些還沒買著票的人擠在候車廳里。當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作賓語或表語時(shí),在口語中用who或whom引導(dǎo)均可,但如直接位于介詞后作賓語時(shí),只能用whom。如:The guest (who/whom) Ill first introduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介紹給你們的客人是一位小姑娘。I met a few friends of mine,among whom was my old classmate.我遇見幾 位朋友,其中一位是我的老同學(xué)。 【例6】 Success will belong to those _ never say “impossible”Awhom Bwhat Cwho Dwhich解析:先行詞是those,故關(guān)系代詞用who。答案:_C