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,Unit 1 A land of diversity,,主干回顧·夯基礎(chǔ),【基礎(chǔ)單詞】 1．______________ n．差別；區(qū)分；卓著 2．__________ n．苦難；困苦 3．________ vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人 4．_________ n．海鷗 5．_______ n．角；角度 6．___________ adv.無處；到處都無 7．____________n．處罰；懲罰 8．________ n．公正；公平,distinction,hardship,elect,seagull,angle,nowhere,punishment,justice,9．________ vt.& vi.哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛 10．_______ adj.公民的；國(guó)內(nèi)的；民間的 11．__________ n．權(quán)威；權(quán)力(pl.)當(dāng)局；官方 12．________ vt.& vi.改革；革新 n．改革；改造；改良 13．______ vt.& n．抓??；抓緊；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì) 14．___________ adj.感激的；感謝的 15．_________ vt.插入；嵌入,mourn,civil,authority,reform,grasp,thankful,insert,【單詞拓展】 1．______ adj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的→_________ n．差別； 區(qū)分；卓著 2．_______ n．手段；方法→________ v．意思是；打算；意味著→___________ n．意思，意義→_____________ adj.有意義的→_________________adj.無意義的 3．__________ n．大多數(shù)；大半→________ adj.主要的；重要的→____________ n．少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族,distinct,distinction,means,mean,meaning,meaningful,meaningless,majority,major,minority,4．_________ n．百分比；百分率→__________ n．百分之幾 5．__________ vi.移入(外國(guó)定居)→_____________ n．移民；移居入境 6．_______ adj.人種的；種族的→________ n．種族；比賽 v．和……競(jìng)賽；比賽 7．__________ n．申請(qǐng)人→________ v．申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用→_____________ n．申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用程序 8．____________ n．社會(huì)主義者；社會(huì)黨人adj.社會(huì)主義者的→____________ n．社會(huì)主義→__________ n．社會(huì),percentage,percent,immigrate,immigration,racial,race,applicant,apply,application,socialist,socialism,society,9．________ vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)→____________ n．發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；事件 10．_______ vt.指出；表明；標(biāo)示；暗示→__________ n．指示；表明；指示物 11．__________ adj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的→____________ adv.顯然地；顯而易見地,occur,occurrence,indicate,indication,apparent,apparently,【語境填詞】 用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。 __1__ a high __2__ of American population are from different __3__ and __4__.The __5__ are not __6__，so their __7__ culture is a __8__. 答案：1.Apparently 2.percentage 3.nationalities 4.races 5．majority 6.natives 7.social 8.mixture,1．_____________用……辦法；借助…… 2．___________謀生 3．_______________與……合作或一起工作 4．_____________劃線標(biāo)出……界線 5．__________包括；吸收 6． ___________________許多；很多,by means of.,make a life,team up with.,mark out,take in,a great/good many,7．_________繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生活 8．__________堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) 9．_______________背靠背 10．_________申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示；得到,live on,keep up,back to back,apply for,1．However，_________________ Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少一萬五千年前就在加州生活著。 2．_____________ today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 這就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。,it is likely that,That is why,3．Two centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of _____________________ the United States. 兩百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多數(shù)地區(qū)以及現(xiàn)在美國(guó)所在的西北沿海。,what we now call,在下列文段空缺處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使句子連貫。 Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.However，__1__is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these first settlers__2__(cross)the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America__3__means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.,In the 16th century，after the__4__(arrive)of Europeans，the native people suffered greatly.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.__5__addition，many died from the diseases brought by Europeans.However，some survived these terrible times，and today there are more Native Americans__6__(live)in California than in any other state.,In the 18th century，California was ruled by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century，__7__they fought against the native people and__8__(take)their land.Two centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of__9__first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，__10__ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 答案：1.it 2.crossed 3.by 4.arrival 5.In 6.living 7.when 8．took 9.the 10.whose,核心探究 · 破疑難,means n．手段；方法,by means of.用……辦法；借助…… by this means用這種方法 by all means務(wù)必，一定，當(dāng)然可以 by any means無論如何，以一切可能的手段 by no means絕不，無論如何也不 a means of communication一種通訊/交流工具,①(朗文P1277)Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of transportation. 自行車是數(shù)百萬中國(guó)人賴以出行的重要交通工具。 ②(朗文P1277)By all means，drink plenty of water while exercising. 當(dāng)然，鍛煉的時(shí)候多喝水。 ③I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means is my parents satisfied with my progress. 為了提高英語水平，我已盡力了。但父母對(duì)我的進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)也不滿意。,【點(diǎn)津】 means用作“方式；方法”時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形。若all/some/several/many means作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若every/each/one/a means作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。,④Every possible means has been tried，but none worked. ＝All possible means have been tried，but none worked. 各種可能的辦法都嘗試了，但沒有一種奏效。,[學(xué)以致用] 1．完成句子 ①她不會(huì)說話，但她用手勢(shì)表達(dá)了她的愿望。 She could not speak，but made her wishes known ________________________ signs. ②他對(duì)目前的工作一點(diǎn)也不滿意，要求我們務(wù)必完成任務(wù)。 ________________ was he satisfied with the job and he asked us to finish the task ________________________.,③眾所周知，電話是一種有用的通訊工具。 As is known to us，the telephone is ____________________ of communication. 答案：①by means of ②By no means；by all means ③a useful means,majority n．大多數(shù)；大半,(1)the majority of ……的大多數(shù) in a/the majority占大多數(shù) get a majority獲得多數(shù)票 have a majority over sb.擁有多數(shù)……；戰(zhàn)勝某人 by/with a majority of以大多數(shù)……贏得…… (2)minority n．少數(shù) in the minority占少數(shù) (3)major adj.主要的；vi.專修；主攻 major in主修,①(牛津P1220)The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking. 大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。 ②A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. 大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為吸煙對(duì)健康極為有害。 ③Young people were in the majority at the meeting. 這次會(huì)議中，年輕人占了多數(shù)。,【點(diǎn)津】 (1)majority為可數(shù)名詞，意為great number，指可數(shù)的概念，不指量(amount)。the majority作主語時(shí)，如果泛指多數(shù)(與少數(shù)相對(duì))，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式和單數(shù)形式皆可。 (2)the majority of＋名詞，表示“多數(shù)，許多”，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞取決于of之后的名詞。,(3)majority常由great(但不是greater)修飾，表示“most of”。只有在談到兩個(gè)“大多數(shù)”(two majorities)時(shí)使用greater。 (4)與介詞連用作狀語時(shí)用不定冠詞“a/an”。 She was chosen by a thin majority of 15.,[學(xué)以致用] 2．完成句子 ①在會(huì)上，年輕人占大多數(shù)。 At the meeting，young people ___________________. ②大多數(shù)人在選舉中投了他的票。 ________________________ people voted for him in the election. ③你在大學(xué)主修的科目是什么？ What subject did you ________________ when you were in university? 答案：①were in a/the majority ②The majority of ③major in,occur vi.發(fā)生；存在；出現(xiàn),,①That sound does not occur in my language. 我的語言里不存在那個(gè)音。 ②Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那時(shí)我想起了一個(gè)主意。 ③I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred. 我正沿街尋找停車點(diǎn)時(shí)，突然發(fā)生了事故。,,【點(diǎn)津】 (1)表達(dá)“發(fā)生”之意時(shí)，occur與happen可以互換；另外occur，happen，take place，break out等表示“發(fā)生；爆發(fā)”的單詞或短語都不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)或進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 (2)occur結(jié)構(gòu)中主語不能是人，而是想到的事情或it作形式主語。,[學(xué)以致用] 3．完成句子 ①你當(dāng)時(shí)沒有想到你丈夫也許會(huì)晚到嗎？ Didn’t it ________________________ your husband might be late? ②交流幾乎在你生活的每一分鐘都會(huì)發(fā)生。 ________________________ almost every minute of your life. ③她沒想到請(qǐng)別人幫忙。 It didn’t ________________________ to ask for help. 答案：①occur to you that ②Communication occurs ③occur to her,make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生,(1)come to life蘇醒；變得活躍 live/lead a．life過著……生活 come back to life蘇醒過來；恢復(fù)生氣 bring.back to life使……蘇醒過來；給……活力 start/make a new life開始新生活 (2)make/earn a/one’s living謀生,①(教材原句)Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. 有些人死了或回家了，但是大多數(shù)人留在加利福尼亞謀生，盡管困難重重。 ②Some people from the country find it hard to make a life in big cities. 一些來自農(nóng)村的人發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在大城市生存下來。,③(牛津P1188)They moved out West to make a new life there. 他們遷往西部去開始新生活。 ④(牛津P1166)The match finally came to life in the second half. 比賽在下半場(chǎng)終于精彩起來。,[學(xué)以致用] 1．完成句子 ①他們?cè)诩幽么蠖ň酉聛恚?xí)慣新的生活方式。 They settled down in Canada and ____________ for themselves. ②這個(gè)原來似乎杳無人煙的村莊頓時(shí)恢復(fù)了生機(jī)。 The village，which had seemed deserted，immediately ________________________. ③你在北京時(shí)是如何謀生的？ How did you ________________________ when you were in Beijing? 答案：①made a life ②came to life ③make a living,team up with(＝cooperate with)與……結(jié)合/合作，協(xié)作,team up 合作；協(xié)作 be fed up with對(duì)……感到厭煩，膩了 catch/keep up with趕上 put up with忍受；容忍 end up with以……結(jié)束,①(朗文P2113)The university is teaming up with a school in England for the research project. 該大學(xué)正與英格蘭的一所學(xué)校合作研究這項(xiàng)課題。 ②We teamed up so that we could divide the work and write a book more quickly. 我們相互協(xié)作，以使我們能夠分配任務(wù)并且更快地寫完這本書。 ③After seeing so many houses，we ended up with buying the one on the lakeside. 看了那么多的房子之后，我們最后還是買了湖邊的那棟房子。,[學(xué)以致用] 2．完成句子 ①我下周就要搬了，在此之前，我還是得忍受這種噪音。 I’ll have to ________________________________ till I move next week. ②這對(duì)老夫妻每天都去同一個(gè)公園，從不厭煩。 The old couple is never ________________________ going to the same park every day. 答案：①put up with the noise ②fed up with,That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 這就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。 句中的why引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，注意以下句式的區(qū)別：,(1)That’s why.這就是為什么……(why從句表示結(jié)果) (2)That’s because.這是因?yàn)椤?because從句表示原因) (3)The reason why.is/was that.……的原因是……(表語從句常用that引導(dǎo)，而不用because),①Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting. 湯姆病了，那就是他開會(huì)遲到的原因。 ②Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill. 湯姆開會(huì)遲到了，那是因?yàn)樗×恕?③The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill. 湯姆開會(huì)遲到的原因是因?yàn)樗×恕?[學(xué)以致用] 完成句子 ①那就是那節(jié)課他給我如此低的分?jǐn)?shù)的原因。 ________________ he gave me such a poor grade in that class. ②每年需要重新注射的原因是這種病毒經(jīng)常變化。 ________________________ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus often changes. 答案：①That’s why ②The reason why,