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走向高考 · 英語,路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復習,Unit 2 Working the land,必修四,第一部分 基礎知識聚焦,1．provide v．提供 2．lack v. & n．缺少 3．waste v．浪費 4．recommend v．推薦 5．decline v．減少 6．hit v．產(chǎn)生不良影響 7．worsen v．惡化 8．energy-saving adj.節(jié)省能源的,9．a(chǎn)nnual adj.每年的 10．severe adj.嚴重的 11．shortage n．短缺 12．crisis n．危機 13．ecology n．生態(tài)學 14．be concerned about 關心 15．due to 由于 16．deal with 解決 17．call on 號召,古話說：民以食為天。目前，不少地方土地干旱，糧食短缺問題依然是急需解決的問題。請以“Food Shortage”為題，寫一篇120個詞左右的英語短文。 要求：1.介紹現(xiàn)在的饑荒狀況；2.說明其原因；3.應當采取的措施。,Food Shortage [總述主題]①As we know, food shortage has hit many countries and even caused social unrest in some areas. [說明原因]But what has caused the current world food crisis? Firstly, annual world grain output has declined because of climate change. Secondly, lots of farmland has given way to factories and buildings due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization. Besides, faced with the rising energy prices, some people use grain for biofuel, which has worsened the severe situation.,[具體措施]How can we deal with the problem? ②On the one hand，we should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology. On the other hand, strict measures should be taken to protect farmland. [展望未來]If the whole world works together, more food will be produced and we can create a harmonious world.,Ⅰ.完成句子 1．許多非洲人民正遭受缺糧之苦。 Many people in Africa are suffering from lack of food. 2．政府倡導我們開展“光盤行動”。 The government calls on us to carry out the “Cleaning Your Plates” campaign.,Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．用分詞短語改寫句①。 As we know, food shortage has hit many countries, even causing social unrest in some areas. 2．根據(jù)句式②仿寫。 一方面我們應該對外開放，另一方面我們應該發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟。 On the one hand, we should be open to the outside, and on the other hand we should develop agricultural economy.,Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．識記單詞 1．________ (vi. & n．) 斗爭；拼搏；努力 2．________ (n.) 十年；十年期 3．________ (vt. & vi.) 使變大；伸展 4．________ (n.) 自由；自主 5．________ (adv.) 因此；所以；因而 6．________ (vt.) 遺憾；惋惜 (n.) 遺憾；懊悔,struggle decade expand freedom therefore regret,7．________ (n.) 焦點；中心點 (vt.) 集中；聚集 8．________ (vt.) 減少；減縮 9．________ (n.) 評論；議論 (vi. & vt.) 表達意見；作出評論,focus reduce comment,B．聯(lián)想串記 10．________ (adj.)引起煩惱的；令人不安的→________ (adj.)擾亂的；精神失常的→________ (vt.)擾亂；打擾 11．______ (vt. & vi.)配備；裝備→_________ (n.)設備(不可數(shù)) 12．________ (vt. & vi.)輸出；出口→________ (反義詞) (vt. & vi.)輸入；進口 13．________ (vt.)使迷惑；使為難→________ (adj.)令人迷惑的→________ (adj.)感到迷惑的→________ (n.)迷惑的 14．________ (n.)發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺→________ (vt.)發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺；觀察，觀測,disturbing,disturbed,disturb,equip,equipment,export,import,confuse,confusing,confused,confusion,discovery,discover,Ⅱ.短語互譯 1．幸虧；由于，因為 ____________________ 2．擺脫；除去 ____________________ 3．對……感到滿意 ____________________ 4．寧愿；寧可 ____________________ 5．逐漸增強；建立；開發(fā) ____________________ 6．導致；造成(后果) ____________________ 7．focus on _______________________ 8．keep. free from/of __________________________________________,thanks to rid.of be satisfied with would rather build up lead to 集中(注意力、精力等)于 使……免受(影響、傷害等)；使……不含(有害物),Ⅲ.典句析練 1．if so 狀語從句的省略形式 ____________________(如果這樣的話), what did you do to grow them? 【仿寫】如果是這樣，我相信我已經(jīng)解決了你的問題。 ______________________________________________,2．the＋序數(shù)詞＋名詞＋動詞不定式． In 1973, he became ____________________________(世界上第一位種植水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒) that has a high output. 【仿寫】劉洋是第一位在太空逗留過的中國女性。 Liu Yang is ________________________ in space.,3．make it＋adj.＋動詞不定式 This special strain of rice ____________________(使生產(chǎn)……成為可能) 20% more of the crop in the same fields. 【仿寫】大雨使得運動會不可能如期舉行。 The heavy rain ____________________ on time.,4．倍數(shù)＋as.as Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests ________________________________(是以前的兩倍多)． 【仿寫】我弟弟比你妹妹高一倍。 ______________________________________________ 5．would rather do. He ________ much ________ (寧愿做……) keep time for his hobbies. 【仿寫】我寧愿走路而不愿意做公共汽車。 ______________________________________________,答案：1.If so；If so, I believe I have solved your problem. 2．the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice; the first Chinese female to have stayed 3．makes it possible to produce; made it impossible for the sports meeting to be held 4．twice as large as before；My brother is twice as tall as your sister. 5．would；rather；I would rather walk than take a bus.,Ⅳ.課文縮寫語法填空 Born in 1930, Yuan Longping graduated__1__ Southwest Agricultural College in China in 1953, and then was assigned to teach crop genetics and breeding at an __2__(agriculture) school in Hunan Province. He began his research __3__bybrid rice development in 1964 and in 1971 he achieved __4__ major scientific breakthrough as he __5__(success) developed the genetic materials essential for breeding high-yielding hybrid rice varieties.,Professor Yuan is widely acknowledged for the __6__(disccver) of the genetic basis of heterosis in rice. In 1974, he developed Nan-you No. 2. With output 20 percent __7__(high) than previous varieties, Professor Yuan's new crop immediately began __8__(improve) food availability in China. Beyond this exceptional accomplishment, Professor Yuan has built an additional legacy of combating food shortages and __9__(hungry). Professor Yuan's remarkable __10__(achieve) in hybrid rice research have previously won him numerous honors. 答案：1.from 2.agricultural 3.in 4.a 5.successfully 6．discovery 7.higher 8.to improve 9.hunger 10.achievements,1．struggle vi. & n．斗爭；拼搏；努力,①We still have to ________ ________ all kinds of difficulties. 我們?nèi)缘煤透鞣N各樣的困難作斗爭。 ②In 1862 the American slaves won their ________ ________ freedom. 1862年美國奴隸贏得了爭取自由的斗爭。 ③They ________ ________ ________ get out of the burning car. 他們正掙扎著從燃燒著的汽車里往外爬。,④He ________ ________ ________ ________ and dragged slowly ahead. 他掙扎著站起來并緩慢地前行。 答案：①struggle against/with ②struggle for ③were struggling to ④struggled to his feet,2．expand vt. & vi.使變大；伸展 [教材原句]Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.(P10) 袁博士(開始)在不增加農(nóng)田面積的基礎上尋求水稻增產(chǎn)的途徑。,①., but the idea has since __________ to many other American cities, and even to Hong Kong. ……，但是這個觀念已經(jīng)傳播到美國許多城市，甚至傳到了香港。 ②Why not try to ________ your story ________ a novel? 為什么不把你的故事擴展成一部小說呢？ ③I don't quite follow your idea. Can you ________ ________ it? 我不大理解你的想法，你能詳細地加以說明嗎？ 答案：①expanded ②expand；into ③expand on,3．therefore adv.因此；所以；因而 [教材原句]He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.(P10) 于是他拿出幾百萬元幫助其他人進行農(nóng)業(yè)科學研究。,用therefore，so，thus填空 ①She was caught cheating in the exam and ________ she was punished by her teacher. ②She coughed badly, ________ she went to see a doctor. ③The train stopped suddenly, ________ causing the delay. 答案：①therefore ②so ③thus,4．equip vt. & vi.裝備；配備 [教材原句]He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.(P10) 因此，他資助幾百萬元供其他人進行農(nóng)業(yè)研究。,①We equip our children ________ a good education. 我們使孩子們受到良好的教育。 ②Your training will equip you ________ your future job. 你的訓練將使得你能夠勝任將來的工作。 ③His work experience ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ all kinds of people. 他的工作經(jīng)驗使他能與各種各樣的人打交道。 ④________ ________ new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past. 因為掌握了科學的農(nóng)耕新方法，他們已經(jīng)可以使用比過去更少的農(nóng)田進行耕種。,[方法規(guī)律]equipment為equip的名詞形式，意為“設備”“器材”，是不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一件”這一數(shù)量時，其前加a piece of；類似用法的有：furniture，luggage，baggage，jewellery等。 答案：①with ②for ③equipped him to deal with ④Equipped with,5．regret v. & n．可惜，后悔，遺憾；惋惜；抱歉,①It's no use __________ what you have done. 后悔你做過的事情沒有用。 ②We ________ ________ ________ you that you owe the bank ￡100. 我們很遺憾地告訴你，你欠銀行100英鎊。 ③I ________ ________ the good film. 我后悔沒能看那部好電影。 ④________ ________ ________ ________， I must leave now. 非常抱歉，我現(xiàn)在必須走了。,[巧學助記] I regretted to tell him that he had been dismissed. To my surprise, he said to me, “I have no regrets. I only regret having taken the wrong job.” 我遺憾地告訴他他被解雇了。使我驚奇的是，他對我說：“我沒有什么遺憾。我唯一后悔的是選錯了工作?！?答案：①regretting ②regret to inform ③regretted missing ④Much to my regret/To my great regret,6．reduce v．減少；縮減 [教材原句]A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.(P14) 肥沃的土壤減少了病蟲害并且有助于農(nóng)作物的茁壯成長。,①The water level has reduced ________ 1 metre ________ normal level. 水位已下降了1米至正常水位。 ②She was reduced to ________ for a living. 她被迫淪落至乞討為生。 答案：①by；to ②begging,7．comment n．評論，議論 vt. & vi.表達意見；作出評論 Every one at present ________ ________ the bad match, but the coach refused to ________ ________ ________ ________ it. 在場的每個人都對這場糟糕的比賽作出了評論，但教練卻拒絕評論。 答案：commented on；make a comment about,1．rid.of擺脫；除去 [教材原句]Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.(P10) 多虧他的研究，聯(lián)合國在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中又多了些方法。,②The dentist ________ ________ ________ the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科醫(yī)生把他的壞牙拔掉，使他免除痛苦。 ③The owner needs to ________ ________ ________ the car for financial reasons. 因為經(jīng)濟原因，車主需要把汽車處理掉。 ④He ________ ________ ________ the mental burden. 他擺脫不了精神負擔。 答案：①to rid the world of ②rid him of ③get rid of ④wasn't rid of,2．would rather寧愿；寧可 [教材原句]He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.(P10) 他寧愿把時間花在自己的愛好上。,①________ ________ refuse to help you, I ________ ________ money from my friends. 我寧可向朋友借錢，也不愿拒絕幫助你。 ②He would rather die than give in to the enemy.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換) ＝He would die ________ ________ give in to the enemy. 他寧死也不向敵人屈服。 ③I would rather you ________ ________ (finish) your homework yesterday. 我寧愿你昨天就把作業(yè)做完了。 答案：①Rather than；would borrow ②rather than ③had finished,3．lead to導致；造成(后果)；通向……(to是介詞) [教材原句]Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.(P14) 這些化學物質(zhì)有些會引起癌癥或其他疾病。,①As we all know, all roads Rome. 眾所周知，條條大道通羅馬。 ②The discovery of new evidence led to . 新證據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)導致小偷被抓住。 ③What was it that led you to leave America for Hong Kong? 是什么讓你離開美國前往香港的？ ④After the accident he began to lead a vegetative life. 從那次事故后，他開始過植物人的生活。 答案：①lead to ②the thief being caught,4．focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于 [教材原句]They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.(P14) 他們主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。,①I must try to _______ _______ _______ _______ work. 我必須努力把心思集中在工作上。 ②I'm so tired today that I can't ________ ________ anything. 今天我太累了，精神集中不起來。 ③Mary is _______ _______ _______ everyone's attention. 瑪麗是大家注意的焦點。 ④This photograph is out of focus. 這張照片模糊。 ⑤The purpose of the lens is to focus light onto the film. 用鏡頭的目的是要把光聚在膠片上。,[巧學助記] 答案：①focus my mind on ②focus on ③the focus of,,5．keep.free from/of使……免受(影響、傷害等) [教材原句]This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.(P14) 這也能讓空氣、土壤、水和莊稼沒有了化學物質(zhì)。,①They kept the food ________ ________ artificial colors. 他們使食物不含人工色素。 ②Our room is ________ ________ flies. 我們的房間沒有蒼蠅。 答案：①free from ②free from/of,If so, what did you do to grow them？(P9) 如果這樣的話，你做了些什么來種植它們(這些植物)? [句式分析]if so“如果這樣的話”，是if引導的條件狀語從句的省略形式，表示肯定意義；如果表示否定意義，則用if not。 ①________ ________， find out what would need to change. 如果是這樣，請找出需要改變的事項。 ②I may come tonight. ________ ________(＝If I don't come tonight), I will try to manage tomorrow. 今晚我可能來。如果不來的話，我會明天來。,[方法規(guī)律]if ever如果有過/發(fā)生過的話 if any如果有的話 if possible如果可能的話 if necessary如果有必要 答案：①If so ②If not,v．－ing形式作主語或賓語 1．People spend many years learning about favorite sports and ________(practice) how to do them well. 答案：practicing 考查非謂語動詞。spend.(in) doing sth.表示“花費……做某事”，根據(jù)and可知，空處應與learning并列，作省略了的介詞in的賓語。,2．________(bring) up in the countryside made Mr. Wilson very hardworking when he was very young. 答案：Being brought 考查非謂語動詞。句意：Mr.Wilson在鄉(xiāng)下被撫養(yǎng)長大，這使他在很小的時候就很勤勞。分析句意及句子結(jié)構可知，bring up 與Mr.Wilson為邏輯上的動賓關系，又因為句子缺主語，故用Being brought up。,3．________(examine) twice a year，whether it is a car，a bus or a truck，is a rule that every driver must obey in this city. 答案：Being examined 考查非謂語動詞。句意：無論是汽車，公交車還是卡車，每年檢查兩次是這個城市的每個司機都要遵守的規(guī)則。根據(jù)句意可知此處應用examine的現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式Being examined作句子的主語。,4．To this day, I have a hard time ________(let) others be fond of me. 答案：letting 在句中have a hard time(in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構，表示“做某事有困難”。 5．She can't help ________(clean) the house because she's busy making a cake in the kitchen. 答案：to clean 考查固定用法。句意：她不能幫忙打掃房間，因為她正在廚房忙著做蛋糕。help(to)do sth.“幫忙做某事”，是固定短語，符合句意。注意：此處不是can't help doing sth.“禁不住做某事”這個固定詞組。,1．(2014·安徽改編)It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and________， supply more jobs. 答案：therefore 考查副詞。句意：我們希望我們會在工作市場上起更大的作用，因此提供更多的工作。,2．(2014·福建改編)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if ________， reaching 30℃ in summer. 答案：ever 本題考查省略句。句意：這里的氣候宜人，________，在夏季氣溫極少達到30攝氏度。if ever如果曾經(jīng)有；如果曾經(jīng)發(fā)生。根據(jù)句中的關鍵詞quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(極少)可知，空格處表達的意思是“如果曾經(jīng)有(if ever)”。if ever相當于if it(the temperature) ever reached 30℃ in summer。,3．(2014·陜西改編)We would rather our daughter ________(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 答案：stayed 本題考查虛擬語氣。句意：我們寧愿我們的女兒和我們一起待在家里，但是那是她的選擇，她已經(jīng)不再是一個小孩子了。would rather后接that從句時，要用虛擬語氣，如果與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾矗瑥木溆靡话氵^去時態(tài)；如果與過去事實相反，從句用過去完成時。根據(jù)后面的it is her choice可以判斷這件事情還沒發(fā)生，因而從句用一般過去時。,4．(2013·浙江改編)Bears build________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep. 答案：up 句意：狗熊在夏天和秋天開始脂肪的儲存以使他們有足夠的能量來度過冬眠。 5．(2011·江蘇改編)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.If ________， we'd better take it to the garage immediately. 答案：so 本題考查省略。句意：聽起來好像是車的發(fā)動機出毛病了。如果這樣的話，我們最好立刻把它帶到修車廠去。if so“如果這樣的話”。,6．(2010·重慶改編) The news shocked the public，________(lead) to great concern about students' safety at school. 答案：leading 本題考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)本句的結(jié)構來看，引起的關注正是這條消息令公眾震驚的同時所引起的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果狀語，而作結(jié)果狀語，且表達主動意義。句意：這條消息令社會震驚，引起了人們對在校學生安全的極大關注。,