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走向高考 · 英語,路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復(fù)習(xí),Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars,必修三,第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦,1．orbit n．軌道 2．a(chǎn)stronaut n．航天員 3．phenomenon n．現(xiàn)象 4．technology n．技術(shù) 5．a(chǎn)stronomy n．天文學(xué) 6．spacewalk n．太空行走 7．explore vt.探險(xiǎn)；考察 8．launch vt.發(fā)射 9．a(chǎn)dvanced adj.先進(jìn)的,10．solar activity 太陽活動(dòng) 11．launch a satellite 發(fā)射衛(wèi)星 12．manned spaceship/spacecraft 載人飛船 13．play an important part in 在……中起重要作用 14．a(chǎn) space travel 太空之旅 15．a(chǎn) black hole 黑洞,(2013·廣東)你接受了一項(xiàng)寫作任務(wù)，要為英語校報(bào)寫一篇時(shí)事快訊。 [寫作內(nèi)容]請根據(jù)以下信息，寫一篇關(guān)于移民火星的快訊。 志愿者的選拔：到2015年，在全球選出約30名去火星的志愿者。 志愿者的條件：至少18歲；做好不回地球的準(zhǔn)備；愿與他人保持良好的關(guān)系。,專家觀點(diǎn)：火星生活條件太艱苦；面臨嚴(yán)寒氣候、孤獨(dú)和恐懼。 志愿者觀點(diǎn)：厭倦地球生活，想體驗(yàn)火星生活；如果成功，就是人類英雄。 *火星：the Mars [寫作要求]只能用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部內(nèi)容。 [評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章連貫。,[選拔范圍、目的地]①About thirty volunteers will be chosen all over the world and be sent to the Mars in 2015. [志愿者的條件]②Those volunteers, who must be willing to get along well with others, should be at least 18 and be prepared for the chance that he/she won't return to the earth. [專家觀點(diǎn)]③Experts think that it is tough for human beings to live on the Mars, because they will face the bitter cold weather, loneliness and fear. [志愿者的觀點(diǎn)]④However, some volunteers say that they are tired of the life on the earth，and want to experience the new life on the Mars. They also think that if they succeed，they will be heroes of the human.,Ⅰ.完成句子 1．我說服他不做這樣危險(xiǎn)的太空之旅。 I argued him out of going on such a dangerous space travel. 2．我們通常用來描述科學(xué)現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)有術(shù)語在這里不夠用。 The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here.,3．天文學(xué)家和科學(xué)家認(rèn)為黑洞是一種空間區(qū)，物質(zhì)可以掉進(jìn)黑洞，但沒有什么物質(zhì)能從黑洞中逃脫。 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 4．由于有非常先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，人們也許能在將來利用黑洞的能量為人類服務(wù)。 Very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.,Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．把①句改為簡單句(第一分句改為不定式作定語)。 About thirty volunteers to be chosen all over the world will be sent to the Mars in 2015. 2．把②句中的定語從句改為形容詞作后置定語。 Those volunteers, willing to get along well with others，should be at least 18 and be prepared for the chance that he/she won't return to the earth.,3．強(qiáng)調(diào)③句中的畫線部分。 It is because they will face the bitter cold weather, loneliness and fear that experts think that it is tough for human beings to live on the Mars. 4．用句型The reason why.is that.改寫句④中的畫線部分。 The reason why they want to experience the new life on the Mars is that they are tired of the life on the earth.,Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．識(shí)記單詞 1．________ (n.) 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度 2．________ (n.) 學(xué)說；理論 3．________ (n.) 大氣層；氣氛 4．________ (adv.) 因此；于是 5．________ (n. & vt.) 拉(力)；拖；牽引力 6．________ (vi. & vt.) (使)浮動(dòng)；(使)漂浮 (n.) 漂浮物,system theory atmosphere thus pull float,B．聯(lián)想串記 7．________ (adj.)猛烈的→________ (n.)暴力→________ (adv.)猛烈地 8．________ (prep.)不同；不像→________ (反義詞)(prep.)像→________ (v. & n．)不喜歡 9．________ (adj.)有害的→________ (n.)害處 (vt.)對……有害 10．________ (vi.)存在；生存→________ (n.)存在 11．________ (vt. & vi.)(使)迷惑；(使)為難 (n.)謎；難題→________ (adj.)迷惑不解的,violent,violence,violently,unlike,like,dislike,harmful,harm,exist,existence,puzzle,puzzled,Ⅱ.短語互譯 1．及時(shí)；終于 __________________ 2．輪到某人；接著 __________________ 3．阻止；制止 __________________ 4．感到高興；感到振奮 __________________ 5．突發(fā)；爆發(fā) __________________ 6．密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防 __________________ 7．lay eggs __________________ 8．give birth to __________________ 9．now that __________________ 10．block out __________________,in time in one's turn prevent.from cheer up break out watch out for 下蛋 產(chǎn)生；分娩 既然 擋住(光線),Ⅲ.典句析練 1．“so.that.”句型 The earth ____________________ (變得如此猛烈以至于) it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 【仿寫】這個(gè)故事如此有趣以至于我們都沉浸其中。 The story ____________________ we were all lost in it.,2．“make it possible to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu) This produced a chain reaction，which _________________ (使生命的發(fā)展成為可能)． 【仿寫】在它里面所包含的國內(nèi)及國際新聞使我們了解一周來發(fā)生的所有的重要事件成為可能。 Both national and international news in it _______________ all important things that have happened during the week.,3．“倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”句型 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried __________________ (是地球上的兩倍遠(yuǎn)) and fell over. 【仿寫】新技術(shù)被引進(jìn)后，這個(gè)工廠2015年生產(chǎn)的機(jī)器是去年的兩倍。 After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced __________.,4．now that引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句 Walking does need a bit of practice ____________________ (既然地球引力已發(fā)生了變化)． 【仿寫】既然它對我們的好處如此多，為什么不試一試呢？ ____________________， why not have a try?,答案：1.became so violent that; was so interesting that 2．made it possible for life to develop；make it possible for us to learn 3．twice as far as on the earth; twice as many machines in 2015 as last year 4．now that gravity has changed; Now that it benefits us so much,Ⅳ.課文縮寫語法填空 The __1__(explode) of the earth produced water vapour，which turned into water when the earth __2__(cool) down. Water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas. That made __3__ possible for life to begin to develop. The __4__(arrive) of small plants encouraged the __5__(develop) of early shellfish and all __6__ of fish. Many millions of years __7__(late) the first green plants began to appear on land. Later land animals appeared.,Some were insects. Others, called amphibians，__8__(be) able to live on land as well as in the water. Finally, some small clever animals appeared and spread all over the earth. But they treat the planet in an __9__(friend) way，and the earth becomes too __10__(pollute)． 答案：1.explosion 2.cooled 3.it 4.arrival 5.development 6．sorts 7.later 8.were 9.unfriendly 10.polluted,1．exist vi.存在；生存 [教材原句]They laid eggs and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(P26) 它們也生蛋，在地球上存在了14000多萬年。,[方法規(guī)律]exist永遠(yuǎn)是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，exist on和live on同義，exist in和lie in同義。 ①They can't ________ ________ the money he's earning. 他們靠他掙的那點(diǎn)錢無法維持生活。 ②________ ________ huge animals on the earth a long time ago. 很久以前地球上存在著體形龐大的動(dòng)物。 ③It has been ________ ________ for more than 500 years. 它已經(jīng)存在500多年了。,④Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the earth ________ ________ ________. 現(xiàn)在仍有很多人想知道，地球是何時(shí)產(chǎn)生的。 答案：①exist on ②There existed ③in existence ④came into existence,2．puzzle vt.使迷惑；使為難；使窘困；感到迷惑 n．(游戲的)猜謎；難題；謎 [教材原句]How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.(P27) 地球生命如何起源是科學(xué)家們覺得很難解決的最大的難題之一。,①The ________ look on her face suggested she didn't understand what I said. 她臉上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我說的話。 ②But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really ________ him. 但是他的好奇心難以控制，這臺(tái)新電腦也確實(shí)使他費(fèi)解。 ③I'm ________ ________ ________ as to what to do next. 對于下一步該做什么我不知道。 ④I saw him ________ ________ a ________ math problem. 我看見他正在苦苦思考一道令人不解的數(shù)學(xué)題。 答案：①puzzled ②puzzled ③in a puzzle ④puzzling over/about；puzzling,3．pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力 [教材原句]As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity.(P30) 隨著火箭的升空，由于我們在努力掙脫地球的引力，我們被向后推在座位上。,①I pulled ________ my mobile phone to read a text message from my mom. 我拿出手機(jī)讀媽媽發(fā)的短信。 ②His house was pulled ________ by fire. 他的房子被大火燒毀了。 ③He pulled ________ his coat and joined us in the work. 他脫去上衣，便和我們一起干了起來。 ④The police car signaled to us to pull ________. 警車發(fā)出信號(hào)，要我們駛向路邊?？?。 答案：①out ②down ③off ④in,1．in time 及時(shí)；終于 觀察句子，寫出黑體部分的含義。 ①Andy knew he could not reach the house in time.( ) ②You'll succeed in time because you are always working hard.( ) ③Working hard made him successful in time.( ),④The doctor came ________ ________ to save her life. 醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕到救了她的命。,⑤Don't recite all together; one ________ ________ ________. 不要一起背誦，一次一個(gè)。 ⑥_______ _______ _______ will smoking be permitted here. 這里絕不允許吸煙。 答案：①及時(shí) ②遲早 ③終于 ④in time ⑤at a time ⑥At no time,2．prevent.from.阻止；制止 [方法規(guī)律](1)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep.from doing sth.中的from不可省略。 (2)在被動(dòng)語態(tài)里，這三個(gè)搭配中的from均不可省略。,①The heavy rain ________ ________ ________ ________ on with our work. 大雨阻止了我們繼續(xù)工作。 ②A possible war ________ finally ________ ________ breaking out with their effort. 一場可能的戰(zhàn)爭最終由于他們的努力而避免了。 ③The farmers _______ wheat ________ heavy rain with rain clothes. 農(nóng)民們用雨布遮住小麥以防被大雨澆壞。 答案：①prevented/stopped/kept us from going ②was；prevented/stopped/kept from ③protect；from,3．cheer up感到高興；感到振奮 ①Give Mary a call; she needs ________ ________. 給瑪麗打個(gè)電話，她需要人安慰。 ②When I'm feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories ________ ________ ________ ________. 當(dāng)我感到憂傷時(shí)，我的母親就給我講有趣的故事讓我高興起來。,③What we had done was to ________ our team ________. 我們所做的一切都是為了給我們的隊(duì)加油。 ④Cheers,_my friends. 干杯，朋友們。 答案：①cheering up ②to cheer me up ③cheer；on,4．now that既然 ①既然你已經(jīng)決定去做，那么你就應(yīng)該把它做好。 ______________________， you should do it well. ②既然這些問題已經(jīng)解決，讓我們進(jìn)入下一個(gè)吧。 ______________________， let's come to the next. [方法規(guī)律]now that相當(dāng)于since，是連詞詞組，用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，口語中經(jīng)常省略that，只用now，這時(shí)now已經(jīng)失去了“現(xiàn)在”的含義。 答案：①Now that you have decided to do it ②Now that the problems have been settled/solved,5．break out (戰(zhàn)爭，火災(zāi)，疾病)突發(fā)；爆發(fā),①The civil war in Syria ________ ________ a year ago and it still continues. 敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn)一年前爆發(fā)了，現(xiàn)在仍在持續(xù)。 ②We should ________ ________ ________ old concepts and respect the people's pioneering spirit. 我們既要沖破舊的思想禁錮又要尊重群眾的首創(chuàng)精神。 ③The peace talks ________ ________ without any agreement reached. 和談失敗了，沒有達(dá)成任何協(xié)議。 答案：①broke out ②break away from ③broke down,6．watch out (for)留神；密切注意，留意；小心(某物)，提防,①________ ________ ________ a man in a black hat. 注意一個(gè)戴黑帽子的男人。 ②The dog ________ ________ his master's house while the master was away. 主人不在時(shí)這條狗為它的主人看家。 答案：①Watch out for ②watches over,1．make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語 [教材原句]This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.(P32) 這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。,[句式分析]句中it為形式賓語，真正賓語為to develop，for life是不定式的邏輯主語。 ①M(fèi)astering the technology ________________________ the Internet more effectively. 精通這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可能會(huì)讓我們更加有效地利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 ②Spaceships ____________________ to the moon. 宇宙飛船使去月球旅行成為可能。,③During this week, __________________ to jog every day. 在這一周當(dāng)中一定要養(yǎng)成天天進(jìn)行慢跑的習(xí)慣。 ④I have discovered that it __________________. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)那讓他們感到高興。,⑤The teacher raised his voice so that he could ___________. 老師提高了嗓音以便于被別人聽到。 答案：①makes it possible for us to use ②make it possible to travel ③make it a rule ④makes them happy ⑤make himself heard,2．倍數(shù)的表達(dá)句式 [教材原句]But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31) 而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。 [句式分析]句中twice as far as是倍數(shù)表達(dá)法之一，在句中作比較狀語。 [名師點(diǎn)撥] 兩倍用twice或double，不到一倍用分?jǐn)?shù)表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用times來表示。,[方法規(guī)律]倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式 ①“A＋倍數(shù)＋形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(長、高、寬等)多少倍”。 ②“A＋倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。 ③“A＋倍數(shù)＋the size/height/length/width，depth.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。 ④A＋倍數(shù)＋what從句,①This table is ____________________ that one. ＝This table is ____________________ that one. ＝This table is ____________________ that one. 這張桌子是那張的3倍大。 ②They have __________________ cows ________ we have. 他們的牛是我們的三倍。 ③The newly-built museum is ______________________. 這座新建的博物館是原來的3倍大。 答案：①twice bigger than；3 times as big as；3 times the size of ②three times as many；as ③three times what it was,主語從句 1．________ he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting. 答案：What 考查主語從句。句意：他認(rèn)為很好的一個(gè)提議在會(huì)議上被老板否定了?？仗幰龑?dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作賓語，不指人，故填what。 2．________ is known to all is that the Diaoyu Islands have belonged to China since ancient times. 答案：What 考查名詞性從句。句意：釣魚島自古就屬于中國，這是大家都知道的。what引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，并在主語從句中作主語。,3．—What has made John look like lacking sleep? —________ he had to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night. 答案：That 考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，答語是回答上面句子中的主語“What”的，故此句是一個(gè)主語從句，缺少引導(dǎo)詞，而引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，故用“That”。,4．It remains to be seen ________ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going. 答案：whether 考查主語從句。句意：這個(gè)計(jì)劃是否足夠?qū)嵱茫允惯@個(gè)項(xiàng)目繼續(xù)下去還有待觀察。it是形式主語，真正的主語是whether引導(dǎo)的從句。whether“是否”，符合句意。 5．It makes his life quite different ________ he has received higher education abroad. 答案：that 考查主語從句。本句中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是“that he has received higher education abroad”。,1．(2014·山東改編)Susan made ________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 答案：it 本題考查代詞的運(yùn)用。句意：蘇珊清楚地跟我表明她希望為自己創(chuàng)造新的生活。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，該句中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句，而且根據(jù)語境可知，that從句的內(nèi)容就是蘇珊向我表明的事情，所以后置的that從句實(shí)際上是made的真正賓語，故用形式賓語it指代that從句。,2．(2013·陜西改編)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will ________ time. 答案：in 句意：經(jīng)理想要看到公司的改變，我確信他遲早會(huì)看到的。in time“及時(shí)；最后，遲早”，符合題意。 3．(2013·陜西改編)It remains to be seen ______ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice. 答案：whether 本題考查名詞性從句。句意：那仍然得看新形成的委員會(huì)政策能否付諸實(shí)踐。It在此為形式主語，故seen后為真正的主語從句，又由remains to be seen可知存在不確定的意思，所以用whether是否。,4．The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a ________(friend) atmosphere. 答案：friendly 句意：兩國高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在友好的氛圍(atmosphere)中進(jìn)行談判。 5．(2012·江蘇改編)—Thank God you're safe! —I stepped back, just in time ________(avoid) the racing car. 答案：to avoid 答語句意：我退后了一步，正好避開了奔跑的汽車。in time to do sth.“正趕上做某事”。,6．(2013·安徽改編)It's said that the power plant is now ________ twice large as what it was. 答案：as 本題考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法。句意：據(jù)說這個(gè)發(fā)電廠現(xiàn)在是過去的兩倍大?！氨稊?shù)＋as.as”是倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法，意為“是……的幾倍”，其中as.as之間要用原級(jí)。,