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,必修3 Unit 1—Unit 5,Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars,,1．________ (n.) 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度 2．________ (n.) 學(xué)說；理論 3．_____________ (n.) 大氣層；氣氛 4．______________ (adj.) 基本的；基礎(chǔ)的 5．___________ (adv.) 因此；于是 6．___________(vi.&vt.) 乘；增加 7．________ (adj.) 溫和的；文雅的 8．________ (vi.&vt.) 碰撞；墜落 9．________ (n.&vt.) 拉(力)；拖；牽引力,重點(diǎn)單詞,system theory atmosphere fundamental thus multiply gentle crash pull,10．________ (vi.&vt.) (使)浮動(dòng)；(使)漂浮 (n.) 漂浮物 11．________ (prep.)不同；不像→________ (vt.) 喜歡 (prep.) 相像的→________ (adj.) 可能的 12．________ (adj.) 猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的→________(n.) 暴力 →________ (adv.) 暴力地；猛烈地 13．________ (adj.) 有害的→________(n.&v.) 傷害→________ (adj.) 無(wú)害的 14．________ (vi.) 存在；生存→________ (n.) 存在；生存 15．________(vt.&vi.)(使)迷惑；(使)為難(n.)謎；難題→________(adj.)迷惑不解的,float,unlike,like,likely,violent,violence,violently,harmful,harm,harmless,exist,existence,puzzle,puzzled,1．________________ 及時(shí)；終于 2．________________ 下蛋 3．________________ 生產(chǎn)；分娩 4．________________ 輪到某人；接著 5．________________ 阻止；制止 6．________________ 感到高興；感到振奮 7．________________ 既然 8．________________ 突發(fā)；爆發(fā) 9．________________ 密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防 10．________________ 擋住(光線),重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),in time lay eggs give birth to in one's turn prevent.from cheer up now that break out watch out block out,1．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步時(shí)，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。 [解讀] “twice as＋形容詞原級(jí)＋as”是倍數(shù)表達(dá)法之一。 [仿寫] 新技術(shù)被引進(jìn)后，這個(gè)工廠2012年生產(chǎn)的機(jī)器是去年的兩倍。 After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced______________________the year before.,經(jīng)典句型,答案：twice as many machines in 2012 as,2．This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop. 這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。 [解讀] 句中的it是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)to develop。 [仿寫] 這兩個(gè)女孩長(zhǎng)得很像，陌生人很難把她們區(qū)分開。 The two girls are so alike that strangers_____________one from the other.,答案：find it difficult to tell,3．“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” “天哪，”我大聲說，“重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了?！?[解讀] now that“由于；既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)that可以省略。 [仿寫] 你既然得到了一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，不妨充分利用它。 ________________________，you might as well make full use of it.,答案：Now that you've got a chance,4．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球變得如此激烈動(dòng)蕩以至于不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。 [解讀] whether.or not“是否……”。 [仿寫] 你是否參加她的生日晚會(huì)都沒有太大關(guān)系。 It doesn't matter much____________________________.,答案：whether you will take part in her birthday party or not,1．harmful adj. 有害的 [教材原句] What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科學(xué)家相信，由于地球上長(zhǎng)期有水存在，它使得地球得以把曾經(jīng)存在于大氣層中的有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。,板塊一：核心單詞,(1)be harmful to 對(duì)……有害 (2)harm n．&vt. 傷害；損害 do harm to sb./do sb.harm 對(duì)某人有害 (3)harmless adj. 無(wú)害的,①Experts point out that fruit juices can be harmful to children's teeth. 專家指出果汁可能損害兒童的牙齒。 ②It's______________to read in the sun. 在陽(yáng)光下看書對(duì)你的眼睛有害。 ③Smoking______________our health. 吸煙有害健康。,答案：②harmful to your eyes ③does harm to,2．lay v．放置；擱；下(蛋)；產(chǎn)(卵) [教材原句] They produced young generally by laying eggs. 他們通常是通過產(chǎn)卵來產(chǎn)生下一代。,①lay sth.aside 擱置；儲(chǔ)蓄 ②lay.off 停止使用，解雇某人 ③lay out 安排，布置，設(shè)計(jì),①You should lay aside your feelings when judging people's abilities. 判斷一個(gè)人的能力時(shí)，應(yīng)該把自己的感情放在一邊。 ②That factory____________1,000 workers. 那家工廠解雇了1 000多名工人。,答案：②laid off,3．exist vi. 存在；生存 [教材原句] They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 它們也生蛋，在地球上存在了一億四千多年。,(1)exist in 存在于……中 exist on 靠……生活/生存 There exists. 某地有…… (2)existence n． 存在；生活 come into existence 產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在,①I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists. 我很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)槲抑牢业牡谝粋€(gè)家仍然存在。 ②They can't exist________the money he's earning. 他們靠他掙的錢無(wú)法維持生活。 ③________exist many opportunities for regional development. 地區(qū)的發(fā)展存在許多機(jī)會(huì)。 ④As is known to us，China____________________as an independent country in 1949. 眾所周知，在1949年中國(guó)以一個(gè)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家存在了。,答案：②on ③There ④came into existence,4．puzzle vt. 使迷惑；使為難；使窘困；感到迷惑 n．(游戲的)猜謎；難題；謎 [教材原句] How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 地球生命如何起源是科學(xué)家們覺得很難解決的最大的難題之一。,(1)a puzzle一件讓人感到困惑的事情 be in a puzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好 (2)puzzle about/over冥思苦想，苦苦思索 (3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 puzzled adj.迷惑不解的，困惑的 be puzzled about對(duì)……迷惑不解 (4)puzzlement n．迷惘；困惑,①Why Mona Lisa is smiling is still a puzzle. 蒙娜麗莎為什么微笑仍是個(gè)謎。 ②I'm______________as to what to do next. 對(duì)于下一步該做什么我不知道。 ③Her ________ look on her face suggested she didn't understand the ________ question. 她臉上迷惑的表情表明她不明白那個(gè)令人疑惑的問題。 ④She frowned in________. 她迷惑地蹙著眉。,答案：②in a puzzle ③puzzled；puzzling ④puzzlement,5．pull n．&vi. 拉(力)；拖；牽引力 [教材原句] As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity. 隨著火箭升空，我們被重重地向后推在座位上，因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)诒M力地逃離地球的引力。,①pull down 拆毀，摧毀 ②pull in (車輛)進(jìn)站，靠邊?？?③pull out 駛出，拔出 ④pull through 康復(fù)，痊愈 ⑤pull away 開動(dòng)，離開 ⑥pull back 拉回，撤回,[見證2014]It was impossible for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe自己爬不回來，Simon也不可能有力氣把他拉上來。 (2014·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷完形填空),①We waved as the train pulled out of the station. 火車駛出車站時(shí)我們揮手告別。 ②They are____________those houses to make room for a new hotel. 為了給新旅館騰地，他們正在拆除那些房屋。 ③The police car signalled to us to____________. 警車發(fā)出信號(hào)，要我們駛向路邊?？?。 ④His injuries are extremely serious，but he's expected to________________. 他的傷很嚴(yán)重，但有望恢復(fù)。,答案：②pulling down ③pull in ④pull through,6．in time 及時(shí)；終于 [教材原句] They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases. 它們最終產(chǎn)生了碳、氮?dú)?、水蒸氣和其他多種氣體。,板塊二：短語(yǔ)和句型,(1)in no time 立刻；馬上 at no time 絕不 at a time 每次；一次 at one time 曾經(jīng)；一度 at the same time 同時(shí) from time to time 有時(shí)；偶爾 (2)take one's time 別著急；慢慢來 kill time 消磨時(shí)間,①I should be back in time to watch the show. 我應(yīng)該能及時(shí)趕回來觀看那場(chǎng)表演。 ②Luckily，I quickly adapted and everything was back____________. 所幸我很快就適應(yīng)了，很快一切都走上了正軌。 ③______________half the land on the earth's surface was covered by forest. 曾經(jīng)，地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆蓋。 ④The manager wants to see changes in the company，and I am sure he will ________________. 經(jīng)理想看到公司的變化，我確信他遲早會(huì)看到的。,答案：②in no time ③At one time ④in time,7．in one's turn 輪到某人；接著 [教材原句] Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet. 于是，他們接著成為了這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物。,①in turn依次；輪流；反之；反過來 ②by turns輪流；交替地 ③take turns to do sth.輪流做某事 ④It is one's turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事 ⑤It turns/turned out that.結(jié)果……,①When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak. 當(dāng)輪到我時(shí)，我激動(dòng)得都說不出話來了。 ②We take turns______________(do) housework. 我們輪流做家務(wù)。 ③Theory is based on practice and______________serves practice. 理論的基礎(chǔ)是實(shí)踐，反過來理論又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。,答案：②to do ③in turn,8．prevent.from.阻止……做…… [教材原句] They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 它們把過多的二氧化碳排放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。,①表示“阻止某人做某事”的短語(yǔ)有： prevent sb.(from) doing sth. stop sb.(from) doing sth. keep sb.from doing sth. ②prevent/keep/stop sb.from doing sth.的主動(dòng)式中，只有keep后面的from不能省略，而在被動(dòng)式中三個(gè)短語(yǔ)的from都不能省略。,①The heavy rain prevented us from going on with our work. 大雨阻止了我們繼續(xù)工作。 ②A possible war________________ from breaking out with their effort. 一場(chǎng)可能的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)最終由于他們的努力而避免了。 ③China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from______________(attack) in the South China Sea. 中國(guó)最近加緊了對(duì)黃巖島附近水域的控制，以防止中國(guó)漁船在中國(guó)南海受到攻擊。,答案：②was finally prevented ③being attacked,9．block out擋住(光線) [教材原句] a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight. 一大團(tuán)塵埃云在空中形成，擋住了光線。,①block sb./sth. in把某人/某物堵住 ②block sth.off(用路障)封鎖；堵住 ③block sth.up塞??；封住,①Black clouds can never block out the sun. 烏云不能永遠(yuǎn)遮住太陽(yáng)。 ②Don't park your car here；you'll______________. 別把車停在這兒。你會(huì)把我的車堵在里面的。 ③Police____________the city centre streets. 警方封鎖了市中心的街道。 ④They will have to____________the entrance to the tunnel. 他們將不得不封閉通往隧道的入口。,答案：②block my car in ③blocked off ④block up,10．cheer up(使)高興；(使)振奮；感到高興；感到振奮 [教材原句] I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger. 我立刻高興起來，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著(身后的)地球越來越小，而(前方的)月亮越來越大。,(1)cheer v．歡呼；喝彩 cheer sb.on(比賽中)以喝彩聲鼓勵(lì)；為某人加油 cheer sb.up使某人振奮 (2)cheerful adj.快樂的；高興的 (3)Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！,①I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 我真心希望她能振作起來，勇敢地接受生活的挑戰(zhàn)！ ②________，my friends. 干杯，朋友們。 ③They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports team ________. 他們這樣做是為了鼓勵(lì)人們?yōu)樗麄兊那蜿?duì)加油。 ④—I hate it when it rains. —________________！ It will be sunny tomorrow. ——我不喜歡下雨天。 ——振作起來，明天就晴天了。,答案：②Cheers ③on ④Cheer up,11．now that.既然/因?yàn)椤?[教材原句] .walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. ……重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了。,now that“既然；由于”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。在語(yǔ)義上相當(dāng)于since，that在口語(yǔ)中可省略。 常用的引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞還有：because，since，as，in that，seeing that，considering that等。,①Now that the weather is fine，let's go for a ride. 既然天氣那么好，我們兜風(fēng)去吧。 ②Why not change your mind? ________ you have found that there is something wrong with your plan? 既然你發(fā)現(xiàn)了你的計(jì)劃有問題，為什么不改變主意呢？,答案：②Now that,[比較辨析],[填一填] ①—Why aren't you coming with us to the concert? —________ I have got a bad headache. ②________ all the seats were full he stood up. ③He shook his head，________ he thought differently. ④________ your daughter hasn't come，let me take you home.,答案：①Because ②As ③for ④Since/Now that,12．break out 爆發(fā)；突發(fā) [教材原句] We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased. 我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。,①break away from 脫離 ②break down 毀掉，壞掉 ③break up 拆散，分裂 ④break off 停止，中斷 ⑤break into 破門而入,[見證2014]The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them. 兩國(guó)計(jì)劃會(huì)面來消除雙方在貿(mào)易方面的障礙。(2014·天津卷) ①It was almost midnight when a fire broke out in the neighborhood. 快半夜時(shí)，附近發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。 ②He decided to____________home after graduation. 畢業(yè)后，他決定離開家。 ③He____________speaking to answer the telephone. 他中斷了談話去接電話。,答案：②break away from ③broke off,13．This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop. 這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命得以發(fā)展了。,,①During this week，make it a rule to jog every day. 在這一周當(dāng)中要養(yǎng)成天天進(jìn)行慢跑的習(xí)慣。 ②They made________clear to the public that they did an important and necessary job. 他們向公眾表明：他們所做的工作重要且必不可少。 ③The heavy rain made it impossible for us________(go)out. 大雨使得我們無(wú)法出去。 ④The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself________(hear)． 老師提高了嗓音以便于被別人聽到。,答案：②it ③to go ④heard,14．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。,,①They have three times as many cows as we have. 他們的牛是我們的三倍。 ②The world's population has grown to more than six times________it was in 1800. 目前世界人口與1800年相比已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)到當(dāng)時(shí)的六倍多。 ③This table is twice bigger than that one. ＝This table is 3 times____________that one. ＝This table is 3 times____________of that one. 這張桌子是那張的3倍大。 ④It's said that the power plant is now twice____________as what it was. 據(jù)說現(xiàn)在這個(gè)發(fā)電廠是過去的兩倍大。,答案：②what ③as big as；the size ④as large,Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空 1．________ you have done might do harm to other people. 2．________ the manager will attend the meeting tomorrow is not known. 3．________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 4．________ breaks the law will be punished. 5．________ he always came late made our teacher angry.,單元語(yǔ)法專練：主語(yǔ)從句,答案：1.What 2.Whether 3.What 4.Whoever 5.That,Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語(yǔ)單詞完成句子 1．It made us happy____________________.(make) 她當(dāng)選為班長(zhǎng)，這使我們很高興。 2．____________________that you missed the film.(pity) 你錯(cuò)過了那部電影真是太遺憾了。 3．____________________remains a mystery.(come) 她是否會(huì)來，這還是個(gè)謎。,答案：1.that she was made monitor 2．It's really a pity 3．Whether she will come(or not),4．____________________is to choose a company to invest in.(do) (2015·湖北荊州、襄陽(yáng)部分學(xué)校聯(lián)考) 你該做的是選擇一個(gè)公司投資。 5．____________________about the city was its traditional culture and modern architecture.(impress) (2015·湖北襄陽(yáng)四校期中聯(lián)考) 這個(gè)城市給我們印象最深的是它的傳統(tǒng)文化和現(xiàn)代建筑風(fēng)格。,答案：4．What you should do 5．What impressed us most/best,