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專題四 動詞和動詞詞組,詞匯復(fù)習(xí)4(根據(jù)漢語提示填入以a開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以a開頭的課標高頻詞匯。) 【情景1】 Having assessed the (反常的)atmosphere,the astronomers alongside their assistants think that the spaceship can be sent into space without any danger in this autumn.At the same time,the astronauts (陪伴)by (觀眾)are looking forward to the result hopefully.,【情景1】譯文:評估了反常的大氣后,天文學(xué)家及他們的助手認為,在這個秋季將宇宙飛船送入太空沒有任何風(fēng)險。同時,宇航員由觀眾陪伴著,正滿懷希望地期待著這次評估的結(jié)果。,abnormal,accompanied,audiences,【情景2】 Though the (令人羨慕的) actress is very acute,she does not like to (吸收) other people’s advice.What she always adores is a large (數(shù)量) of allowance.Anyway,such awesome (態(tài)度) towards academic questions and art will prevent her attaining great progress,and people will not (欣賞) her any more in the end.,譯文:雖然那位令人欽佩的女演員非常機敏,但是她卻聽不進其他人的建議。她崇尚的是大量的金錢。不管怎么說,這種對待學(xué)術(shù)和藝術(shù)的可怕態(tài)度將會阻止她取得大的進步,最后人們也不再會欣賞她。,admirable,absorb,amount,attitude,appreciate,動詞和短語,考查并不難; 仔細品句意,搭配是關(guān)鍵。 1.(2015·安徽卷改編)If you come to visit China,you will (體驗) a culture of amazing depth and variety.,答案,解析,2.(2015·浙江卷改編)Body language can (暴露) a lot about your mood,so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.,答案,解析,3.(2015·江蘇卷改編)The university started some new language programs to (滿足需要) the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.,答案,解析,4.(2015·陜西卷改編)Peter will (擔(dān)任) his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.,答案,解析,5.(2015·浙江卷改編)If steel is heavier than water,why are ships able to (漂浮) on the sea?,答案,解析,6.(2015·天津卷改編)If you have any doubts about your health,you’d better (咨詢) your doctor at once.,答案,解析,7.(2015·湖北卷改編)There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage (在于) his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.,答案,解析,8.(2015·天津卷改編)See,your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t (明智) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.,答案,解析,1,2,1.易混動詞辨析 (1)詞形相近動詞之間辨義。 ①lay(放),lie(躺)與lie(說謊),②rise和raise,1,2,③find與found,The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中華人民共和國于1949年成立。 ④hang的用法 hang有兩個意思:一為懸掛,是不規(guī)則動詞,過去式、過去分詞都是hung;二為絞刑,是規(guī)則動詞,其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。,1,2,(2)近義動詞之間辨義。 ①seat與sit seat為及物動詞時是作“容納、使就座”講,sit只是表示一個動作“就座”。 I seated myself in the armchair. =I sat in the armchair. 我坐在扶手椅上。 ②borrow與 lend borrow “借入”同from 搭配,構(gòu)成詞組 borrow sth.from sb.; lend“借出”,常與to 搭配,構(gòu)成詞組lend sth.to sb.。,1,2,③win與beat和defeat win“勝過、贏”,及物動詞。其后應(yīng)接game/argument/battle/prize/contest/race/bet,但不能接人、團隊或組織。而beat和defeat“擊敗、勝過”是及物動詞,直接接人、團隊或組織。 ④steal與rob steal為 “偷”,常用結(jié)構(gòu)steal sth.from sb./sp. rob為 “搶”,常用結(jié)構(gòu) rob sb.of sth.。 ⑤fit與suit fit與suit均可作“合適”講,但fit用于尺寸大小的合適,而suit則多用于顏色式樣的合適。 ⑥bring,take與fetch bring“拿來,帶來”,take“拿去,帶走”,fetch“去取回來”,表示往返。,1,2,⑦ reach與arrive 二者都有“到達”之意;reach是及物動詞,arrive后必須加介詞at/in 才能接賓語。 ⑧cost,spend與take cost 花費,主語不能是人; spend的主語不能是物; take 花費,可用人也可用物做主語,多用形式主語it。 She spent all her money on stamps. 她把錢全花在郵票上了。 It takes me three hours to finish this work. 我花費三小時完成這項工作。,1,2,⑨wear與dress wear “穿著”,表示狀態(tài),可用于進行時態(tài)。 dress既可用作狀態(tài),又可用作穿衣動作,其后接人。 He was wearing a blue suit.=He was dressed in a blue suit. 他穿著一套藍色西服。 I dress my children in the morning every day. 每天早晨我都給孩子們穿衣服。,1,2,2.動詞詞組辨析 (1)與不同介詞(副詞)搭配的動詞,如:give可與介詞(副詞)搭配構(gòu)成give in,give up,give off,give away等; turn可與介詞(副詞)搭配構(gòu)成turn on,turn off,turn down,turn up等。 (2)同一介詞(副詞)與不同的動詞搭配,如:up可與動詞搭配構(gòu)成bring up;turn up;hang up;look up;use up;take up 等。 附:常用動詞詞組 1.與不同介詞(副詞)搭配的動詞 (1)add短語 add to增加,增添 add up加起來 add up to總計,共達,1,2,(2)break短語 break away from脫離 break down壞掉;出故障;垮掉 break into闖入,破門而入 break out(戰(zhàn)爭)爆發(fā) break in破門而入 break off打斷;中斷 break through逾越,突破;沖破 break up打碎;(物理)分解;分開;結(jié)束;制止,1,2,(3)bring短語 bring about導(dǎo)致,引起 bring down使倒下;降低(費用、開支、價格等) bring in引進;掙得 bring on使發(fā)展,有助于生長;引起,導(dǎo)致(疾病、戰(zhàn)爭等) bring out使展現(xiàn);闡明;出版 bring up養(yǎng)育,培養(yǎng);嘔吐;提出(建議、論點等) (4)call 短語 call for需要;要求,呼吁 call on號召;訪問 call in打電話匯報;召來 call up呼喚;征召某人入伍;打電話 call off取消,1,2,(5)carry短語 carry on繼續(xù),堅持 carry out執(zhí)行,實施 carry off贏得,獲得;成功地對付 carry through幫助渡過(難關(guān));完成,實現(xiàn) (6)come短語 come about發(fā)生 come across偶遇 come to共計;達到;蘇醒 come true變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實 come up走上前;被提出 come up with提出 come into being形成 come into use投入使用,1,2,(7)cut短語 cut down砍倒;削減;壓縮 cut in插入;插嘴 cut off隔絕;切斷;停止(供應(yīng)) cut out刪除 cut up切碎 (8)die短語 die away(聲音、風(fēng)、光線或情緒)逐漸消失 die down(風(fēng)、雨、光線)逐漸平息 die of死于(疾病、衰老、饑餓等) die from死于(意外事故或不注意的原因) die out滅絕,絕種 die off相繼死去,1,2,(9)get短語 get about四處走動;傳開 get across傳達 get away逃脫,設(shè)法離開 get down下來;記下 get in收割 get off出發(fā);下來;(使)入睡 get together聚會 get through接通;通過 get down to開始認真干 get over克服 get along/on with進展;相處,1,2,(10)give短語 give up放棄 give in屈服 give out用盡;分發(fā) give away泄露;贈送;頒發(fā) give off發(fā)出 give back歸還;使恢復(fù),1,2,(11)go短語 go against違背;對……不利 go ahead開始;進展,進行 go after/for追逐;追求 go without勉強維持;湊合 go in for愛好;參加;從事 go through通過;經(jīng)歷 go over復(fù)習(xí);仔細審查 go by過去;經(jīng)過,1,2,(12)hold短語 hold back隱瞞;控制(情感) hold out維持;抵抗 hold up使……耽擱 hold on堅持;別掛(電話) hold together團結(jié)一致 hold on to保留;保住(優(yōu)勢),1,2,(13)keep短語 keep away (from)使遠離 keep back扣除;隱瞞不講 keep off避開;使……不接近 keep on繼續(xù) keep out擋在外邊;(警示語)請勿靠近 keep up保持;不低落;繼續(xù),持續(xù) keep up with跟上,1,2,(14)look短語 look about/around/round環(huán)顧 look after照顧;照看 look down upon看不起 look forward to盼望 look into向里看;調(diào)查 look on旁觀 look out當(dāng)心;找出;朝外看 look over檢查 look through瀏覽;溫習(xí);看穿 look up向上看;查閱;(形勢)好轉(zhuǎn) look up to尊敬(人,行為),1,2,(15)make短語 make up for補償;彌補 make out辨認出 make fun of取笑 make up one’s mind下定決心 make sense有道理(意義),講得通 make good/full use of.充分利用…… make up編造;組成,構(gòu)成;補齊;湊足 (16)pick短語 pick out挑出;區(qū)別出,分辨出 pick up拿起,撿起;收拾;偶然獲得,學(xué)會;接收(節(jié)目);(開車)去接;(順便)捎帶;染上(疾病);有起色,好轉(zhuǎn),1,2,(17)put短語 put aside把……放在一邊 put away把……收好 put down撲滅;平息 put forward提出 put off延期;推諉 put out撲滅;生產(chǎn) put up掛起,張貼;搭起;為(某人)提供食宿 put up with忍受;容忍,1,2,(18)set短語 set about開始,著手 set aside留出;不顧;放到一邊 set down停下來讓(乘客)下車;寫下;放下 set off出發(fā);引爆;引起;激發(fā) set out開始;動身 set up創(chuàng)建,創(chuàng)立;安裝;豎起,1,2,(19)take短語 take away拿走;帶走;消除(病痛) take after(性格、外貌)像…… take down記下;放下;拆除 take for granted認為理所當(dāng)然 take in吸收;收留,收養(yǎng);理解,領(lǐng)會;欺騙 take off起飛;脫下;休假;走紅;(事業(yè))騰飛 take on呈現(xiàn);雇用 take over接管;接任 take to開始,喜歡;沉溺于 take up拿起;從事;占據(jù)(時間或空間);繼續(xù)(被中斷的事),1,2,(20)turn短語 turn down拒絕;調(diào)低 turn in上交 turn out結(jié)果是;證明是 turn over移交;交給 turn up出現(xiàn);調(diào)高 turn off關(guān)掉 turn on打開 turn away走開 turn to求助于;翻到,1,2,2.同一介詞(副詞)與不同的動詞搭配 (1)v.+about think about思考 care about關(guān)心;對……有興趣 bring about引起;使發(fā)生 come about發(fā)生 hear about聽說 worry about為……擔(dān)心,1,2,(2)v.+away throw away扔掉 clear away清除掉;消散 die away逐漸消失;減弱 wash away沖走 take away拿走;使消失 put away收拾起來;存起來,1,2,(3)v.+down break down壞了;垮了;分解 turn down調(diào)小;拒絕 cut down削減,砍倒 slow down慢下來 put down記下;寫下;鎮(zhèn)壓 tear down拆毀;拆除,1,2,(4)v.+for wait for等候 stand for代表,表示 long for渴望 care for關(guān)心;喜歡 search for查找 look for尋找 call for需要,要求 hunt for尋找 apply for申請 seek for尋找,1,2,(5)v.+in give in讓步 hand in上交 bring in引進;賺得;掙 drop in拜訪 result in導(dǎo)致 succeed in在……獲得成功 join in參加,1,2,(6)v.+of think of想到 dream of夢到 consist of由……組成 approve of贊成 die of死于 hear of聽說 complain of抱怨,1,2,(7)v.+on depend on依靠 rely on依靠 insist on堅持 carry on繼續(xù);進行 keep/go on繼續(xù) spend.on在……上花(錢) put on穿上;戴上;上演 feed on以……為生,1,2,(8)v.+out break out爆發(fā) point out指出 bring out闡明,使表現(xiàn)出 carry out執(zhí)行;進行 turn out結(jié)果是;生產(chǎn);培養(yǎng) work out算出;想出辦法 find out查出;弄明白 try out試用;試驗 look out當(dāng)心;提防,1,2,(9)v.+over think over仔細考慮 go over審閱;檢查;研究 look over檢查 get over克服 take over接管;接替,1,2,(10)v.+up give up放棄;停止;中止 build up建立 set up架起;建立 put up搭起;安裝;住宿;張貼 pick up拾起;學(xué)會;收聽到 bring up撫養(yǎng);嘔吐;提出 tear up撕碎 stay up熬夜 eat up吃完 make up構(gòu)成;組成 cut up切碎 hold up耽擱;使停頓,一,二,三,四,一、根據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~、副詞填空 1.Terry,please look from your cellphone when Grandma is talking to you. 2.Ralph W.Emerson would always set new ideas that occurred to him. 3.The two countries are going to meet to break some barriers to trade between them. 4.Team leaders must ensure that all members get their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. 5.She was tired and wanted to find a bench to sit on for a while,but they were all taken . 6.You can’t predict everything.Often things don’t work as you expect.,up,down,down,over,up,out,一,二,三,四,7.There are a couple of matters with which I want to come today for discussion. 8.More and more foreign countries have been looking China as a rising power. 9.He has three part-time jobs,which bring about $14,000 a year. 10.It is necessary that parents should take the responsibility of helping their children develop legal awareness.,up,on,in,on,一,二,三,四,二、完成句子 1.電梯壞了,我們被困在里面了。 The lift and we were trapped inside it. 2.如果遇到瑕疵但你還想要這輛自行車的話,就請售貨員降價。 some faults but you still want the bicycle,ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. 3.主席讓我縮短報告長度,因為他不想在這次會議上講太長時間。 The chairman the report,because he didn’t want to speak for too long at this meeting. 4.盡管他唱歌時歌詞經(jīng)常不為人理解,他在中國仍然有大批的粉絲。 Despite the fact that his words often when he sings,he enjoys a very large number of fans in China.,broke down,If you come across,asked me to cut down,fail to get across,一,二,三,四,5.經(jīng)過幾個小時的重復(fù),她最終失去了耐心。 After hours of repeating,her patience finally . 6.沒有啤酒了,酒吧又全關(guān)門了,所以你只能將就著了。 There is no beer left and the bars are shut,so you’ll . 7.草地邊緣有一塊牌子,上面寫著“勿踐踏草地”。 At the edge of the grass,there’s a sign saying “ ”. 8.這對夫妻每個月都存一些錢以備將來使用,盡管他們的收入只能使他們勉強維持生計。 The couple for their future use even though their income can only make ends meet.,gave out,have to go without,Keep off the grass,set aside some money every month,一,二,三,四,三、語法填空 (2015·河北衡水中學(xué)期中) Were you the first or the last child in your family?Or were you a middle or an only child?Some people think 1. matters where you were born in your family.But there are different ideas about what birth order means.Some people say that the oldest children,2. are smart and strong-willed,are very likely 3. (succeed).The reason 4. this is simple.Parents have a lot of time for their first child and give him or her a lot of attention.An only child will succeed for 5. same reason.What happens to the 6. (others) children in the family?Middle children don’t get so much attention,so they don’t feel that important.,it,who,to succeed,for,the,other,一,二,三,四,If a family has many children,the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd.The youngest child,7. ,often gets special treatment.Often this child grows up to be funny.But a recent study saw things quite 8. (difference).The study found that first children believed in family rules.They didn’t take many chances in 9. lives.They usually 10. (follow) orders.Rules didn’t mean as much to later children in the family.They took chances and they often did better in life.,however/though,differently,their,followed,一,二,三,四,四、短文改錯 The other day after work,I was walking down the street while I saw a boy riding a nice bicycle,one of those bicycle with only one wheel.Dressing in all pink from head to toe,he was singing a song which was sounded like a kid’s song.I thought he must be total crazy.Just then,a lady dropped 20-dollar bill on the ground,but he didn’t realize it and started to walk away.The guy in pink picked out the money and gave it back to her.After that,he rode on but soon disappeared before the lady could thank him.How a strange and good guy!,一,二,三,四,