高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 語法突破 專題十一 特殊句式課件.ppt
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專題11 特殊句式,,[考情分析] 特殊句式為高中階段學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握的基礎(chǔ)語法,在近年的高 考試卷中,都會出現(xiàn)這方面的考查的試題。尤其是省略句、 強調(diào)句、倒裝句、主謂一致、There be 句型、感嘆句、祈使 句等方面。其中省略句、強調(diào)句、主謂一致是考查的重點。 具體掌握這些句式的結(jié)構(gòu)、分析這些句式的構(gòu)成是十分重要 的。除此之外,感嘆句主要考查what和how的選取,倒裝句 主要考查其在高考書面表達中的應(yīng)用。所以在高考備考中, 該部分內(nèi)容仍需要重點掌握,以便有充分的能力應(yīng)對高考。,,考點一 倒裝句,1.(2015·高考天津卷,T3)Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home. A.she realized B.has she realized C.she has realized D.did she realize 解析:考查部分倒裝。句意:直到莉莉走進辦公室時,她才意識到她把合同落在家里了?!皁nly+狀語從句”位于句首表示強調(diào)時,主句用部分倒裝語序。由walked可知此處用一般過去時。故選did she realize。,D,2.(2015·高考江蘇卷,T28)It might have saved me some trouble ________ the schedule. A.did I know B.have I known C.do I know D.had I known 解析:考查虛擬語氣在倒裝句式中的應(yīng)用。句意:要是早知道時間表的話,可能會省去我一些麻煩。由句意和might have saved可知,句子用了虛擬語氣。本句表示與過去事實 相反的情況,故從句謂語用had known。if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句中含有were,had,should時,可將它們提到主語之前,并將if省略。,D,表示方位或時間的副詞或介詞短語,如here,there,then, in,up,down,off,away,in the room,on the wall等置于句首,謂語動詞多為be,come,go等,并且主語是名詞時(主語為代詞時,不能倒裝)。,表語置于句首,為保持句子平衡,或以示強調(diào),或使上下文銜接需倒裝。結(jié)構(gòu)為:表語+系動詞+主語。,only所修飾的詞、短語或從句位于句首作狀語時,主句要部分倒裝(only修飾主語時,不倒裝)。,含有否定意義的副詞或詞組(never,seldom,little,hardly, by no means,not until等)位于句首時。,hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but(also).等引導(dǎo)兩個分句時,若hardly,no sooner,not only位于句首,前一個分句用部分倒裝,后一個分句不變。,so/neither/nor置于句首,意為“也”或“也不”,表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或事物時。,so/such.that.句型中,當(dāng)such+n.或so+adj./adv.位于句首時,主句部分倒裝,that從句不倒裝。,though/as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時通常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),其結(jié)構(gòu)為:名詞/形容詞/副詞/動詞+though/as+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。,當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有had,were或should等時,如將if省略,則要將had,were或should提到主語之前。,(2015·高考湖北卷,完成句子,改編)Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher’s sweet voice,“Good morning,children.” 在全班同學(xué)靜靜的等待中傳來了老師甜甜的嗓音:“孩子 們,早上好?!?Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的困 難他才意識到我們愛護家人是非常重要的。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. 討論這個問題數(shù)小時后他們才作出決定。,Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 她以前從沒見過打網(wǎng)球和羅伯特一樣好的人。 John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before. 約翰打開門,他從來沒有見過的一個女孩子站在那兒。 The computer was used in teaching.As a result,not only was teachers’ energy saved,but students became more interested in the lessons.電腦被應(yīng)用于教學(xué)中。結(jié)果,不僅節(jié)省了老師 的精力,學(xué)生也對課堂更感興趣了。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的進步以至于受到了表揚。,1.(2015·高考湖南卷,T23)Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. A.I did discover B.did I discover C.I discovered D.discovered I 解析:考查部分倒裝。句意:直到跟兩個學(xué)生談了話以后我 才發(fā)現(xiàn),有強烈的動機是達到目標的最重要的因素之一。 only修飾after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語,且位于句首,故句子需用部 分倒裝語序。,B,2.(2014·高考陜西卷,T17)No sooner ________stepped onthe stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. A.had Mo Yan B.Mo Yan had C.has Mo Yan D.Mo Yan has 解析:考查倒裝句以及時態(tài)。句意:莫言一登上舞臺,觀眾 就發(fā)出了雷鳴般的掌聲.no sooner.than.“一……就……” 是一個固定搭配,而且主句通常用過去完成時態(tài);no sooner 置于句首時,其后用部分倒裝,所以選擇A項。這個句子轉(zhuǎn) 化為陳述句為:Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.。,A,考點二 強調(diào)句,1.(2015·高考重慶卷,T9)Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized. A.while B.though C.that D.a(chǎn)fter 解析:考查強調(diào)句型。巴赫于1750年去世,但是直到19世紀早期他的音樂天賦才被完全承認。it is/was.that.是強 調(diào) 句型,本題被強調(diào)部分是時間狀語not until the early 19th century。,C,2.(2015·高考湖南卷,T21)It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. A.which B.that C.where D.how 解析:考查強調(diào)句型的判定。句意:是我們快要回家的時 候,我才意識到了幫助有困難的人感覺多么美妙!強調(diào)句型 的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+剩余部 分”。若將It is/was與that/who去掉,句子成分仍然完整,那 么該句就是強調(diào)句。經(jīng)判斷,When we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.句子成分完整,由此可以斷定本句是強調(diào)句,空格處 應(yīng)用that。,B,陳述句式:It is/was.that/who.(強調(diào)除謂語以外的成分),一般疑問句:Is/Was+it+.that/who.?,特殊疑問句:疑問詞+is/was+it+that/who.?,“not.until.”的強調(diào)句:It is/was not until.that.(注意時態(tài)),do/does/did+動詞原形(只用于肯定句,并且只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時),It is the TV programme The song of China that has made Zhao Lei so famous.是電視節(jié)目《中國好歌曲》 使趙雷大大出名了。 It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到來到這里我才意識到這個地方不僅因為它的美麗而聞名,還因它的天氣而聞名。 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most. 給我們工作帶來最大益處的不是我們做了多少而是我們將多少愛投入到我們所從事的事業(yè)中。,The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today? 那個病人看上去好多了。是什么讓他變成今天這樣的呢? It was Chai Jing that presented a self-funded documentary about smog in January,2015. 是柴靜在2015年1月公布了自費拍攝的關(guān)于霧霾的紀錄片。,1.(2014·高考湖南卷,T33)It’s not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do ________makes life happy. A.that B.which C.what D.who 解析:考查強調(diào)句型。句意:讓生活愉快的不是做我們喜歡的事情,而是喜歡那些我們不得不做的事情。本題中包含結(jié)構(gòu)not.but.“不是……而是……”,連接平行的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。,A,2.It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued. A.who B.that C.when D.how 解析:考查強調(diào)句。句意:在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的幫助下,這個 登 山運動員才得以獲救。強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who.。,B,,考點三 主謂一致,1.(2015·高考湖南卷,T27)It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years to achieve. A.is;takes B.a(chǎn)re;takes C.a(chǎn)re;take D.is;take 解析:考查主謂一致。句意:重要的是要記住,成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的總和,它常常需要很多年的時間才能實現(xiàn)。此處success是不可數(shù)名詞,作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),故選A項。,A,2.(2014·高考湖南卷,T32)All we need________a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A.a(chǎn)re B.was C.is D.were 解析:考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。句意:我們所需要的就是一小塊地而已,在那里我們可以在整個作物生長期內(nèi)栽種各種 各樣的果樹。根據(jù)空格后的a small piece of land可知, 本句 謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)該是單數(shù),因為當(dāng)all,all of,half of,the rest of,most of及“百分數(shù)或分數(shù)+of”等后接名詞作主語時, 句子謂語動詞形式根據(jù)其后的名詞而定,所以排除are和 were。而根據(jù)句中的All we need可知,這里說的是現(xiàn)在的事 實,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時,故排除was,所以選擇C項。,C,1.語法一致 主語后跟有with,together with,as well as,like,but, except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to 等引起的短語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。 Mr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女兒們今 年夏天將要一起參觀北京。,2.就近一致 由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等連接的并列主語,謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會議。 3.意義一致 (1)“no/each/every/many a+單數(shù)名詞+and+no/each/every/ many a+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù). (2)“half/most/part/the rest/分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+名詞”作主語 時,謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)名詞的形式來確定。,Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天僅完成了60%的工作。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 這些書中大約有三分之一的書值得一讀。 One-third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people. 三分之一的國土被樹覆蓋,而且大多數(shù)的公民是黑人。 (3)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù). To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個好習(xí)慣。,What he has said leaves much for us to think about. 他說的話發(fā)人深省。 (4)表示時間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時, 通常當(dāng)作整體看待,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Twenty years is a long time in one’s life. 二十年在人的一生中是很長的一段時間。 20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money. 兩萬美元不是一筆小數(shù)目。,1.Generally,students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development. A.is B.a(chǎn)re C.was D.were 解析:考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。從題干可以看出本題的主語是students’ inner motivation,因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)題中的Generally可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。故選A。,A,2.The famous musician,as well as his students,________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. A.were invited B.was invited C.have been invited D.has been invited 解析:題干的意思是:“這位著名的音樂家和他的學(xué)生被邀請為2012年臺北花卉展的開幕式表演。”“被邀請”是一個發(fā)生在過去的動作,而且不表示對現(xiàn)在造成了影響,也不表示動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以不能選用完成時。根據(jù)主謂一致的語法規(guī)則,A as well as B作主語時,遵循“就前原則”, 也就是說謂語動詞要和A保持一致。也可以理解為本句的 主 語是A而不是B,所以本題謂語動詞的數(shù)要和the famous musician保持一致,用was invited。,B,,考點四 省 略,1.(2015·高考北京卷,T31)If ________ for the job,you’ll be informed soon. A.to accept B.a(chǎn)ccept C.a(chǎn)ccepting D.a(chǎn)ccepted 解析:考查省略句。句意:如果你被接受做這份工作,你很快就會接到通知。句中you與accept之間為被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞,所以答案為D。本題中if之后省略了主語和be動詞, 補充完整為:If you are accepted for the job,you’ll be informed soon.。,D,2.(2015·高考湖南卷,T24)Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands. A.to leave B.leaving C.leave D.left 解析:考查省略句。句意:如果落在不合適的人的手中, 電子游戲就會有一個很壞的影響。leave的邏輯主語是video games,主語video games與leave之間是被動關(guān)系,故用過去 分詞.if left.是“連詞+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的狀語從句的省略.,D,1.狀語從句的省略 在時間、讓步、方式、地點等狀語從句中如果狀語從句的 主語與主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it,而且狀語從 句的 謂語中有be動詞,可以將從句中的主語連同be動詞一起省略。 2.不定式的省略 (1) 不定式作動詞expect,refuse,mean,like,love, prefer,wish,hope,want等的賓語時,常承前省略不定式 后的內(nèi)容,但保留不定式符號to。 (2)當(dāng)不定式在形容詞glad,happy,pleased,delighted, anxious等后作狀語時,to后的內(nèi)容常承前省略。,If asked to look after luggage for someone else,inform the police at once. 如果有人要求為他照看行李,請馬上報警。 Although small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.這家公司雖然小,但它在30多個國家有大 約1 000個客戶。 There are some health problems that,when not treated(when some health problems are not treated )in time,can become bigger ones later on. 有一些健康問題,如果不及時處理,過些時候會變成比較嚴 重的問題。,It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. If so,we’d better take it to the garage immediately. 汽車的發(fā)動機聽上去好像出問題了。如果這樣的話,我們 最好馬上把它弄到修理廠。 I asked him to see the film,but he didn’t want to. 我請他去看電影,但他不想去。 —He hasn’t finished the work. ——他還沒有完成工作。 —Well,he ought to have. ——哦,他早該完成了。,1.(2014·高考福建卷,T28)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely,________,reaching 30℃ in summer. A.if not B.if ever C.if any D.if so 解析:考查省略句。句意:這里的氣候宜人,如果曾經(jīng)有的話,在夏季氣溫極少達到30攝氏度。if not如果不;if ever如 果曾經(jīng)有,如果曾經(jīng)發(fā)生;if any如果有的話;if so如果是這 樣的話。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞quite pleasant(宜人),rarely(極 少)可知,空格處表達的意思是“如果曾經(jīng)有(if ever)”。,B,2.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________. A.not to do B.not to C.not do D.do not 解析:考查省略。句意:那個司機想把車??吭诼愤?,但是警察不允許他這樣做。這里為了避免重復(fù),省略與前文相同的部分,只保留不定式符號to。補充完整后應(yīng)為“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。,B,,考點五 其他特殊句式,1.(2015·高考湖南卷,T32)Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. A.to keep B.to have kept C.keep D.have kept 解析:考查祈使句。句意:一直要記?。耗愕闹饕蝿?wù)是 使這家公司運轉(zhuǎn)順利。祈使句一般以動詞原形開頭,故用 keep。,C,2.(2014·高考天津卷,T1)Give me a chance,________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. A.if B.or C.a(chǎn)nd D.while 解析:考查“祈使句+and+簡單句”。句意:給我一個機 會,我就會給你一個大驚喜。由空格前的“給我一個機會” 和空格后的“我就會給你一個大驚喜”可知空格前后兩部分 是順接關(guān)系,需用and連接,所以選擇C項。,C,3.(2014·高考重慶卷,T10)—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,________ you? A.mustn’t B.haven’t C.didn’t D.hadn’t 解析:考查反意疑問句。句意:——去年夏天,我在倫敦度 過了兩個星期?!敲?,在此期間你肯定參觀了英國博物 館,是不是?must have done結(jié)構(gòu)在句中表示對過去事情的 肯定推測,當(dāng)句末有反意疑問的語氣時,可分為兩種情況: (1)句中沒有明確的過去時間狀語時,反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為 “haven’t/hasn’t.”;(2)句中有明確的過去時間狀語時,反 意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為“didn’t.?”.根據(jù)題干中的過去時間狀語 last summer以及during your stay可知,反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng) 用第二種情況。,C,1.祈使句的固定句式 (1)祈使句+and+簡單句 “如果……就……” (2)祈使句+or/otherwise+簡單句 “……否則……” (3)名詞詞組(多含有more,another)+and+簡單句 “如果 再……就……” 2.感嘆句的固定句式 (1)What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語?。紿ow +形容詞+a/an+單詞名詞+主語+謂語! (2)What(+形容詞)+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語! (3)How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語! (4)How+主語+謂語!,3.反意疑問句 (1)祈使句的反意疑問句 ①肯定的祈使句,反意疑問部分用will you/won’t you。 ②否定的祈使句,反意疑問部分用will you。 ③Let’s.,shall we? ④Let us.,will you? (2)主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句,與主句的主謂語保持一致。 但當(dāng)陳述部分是I /We think/believe/expect/suppose加從句 時,疑問句應(yīng)和從句的人稱時態(tài)保持一致。,當(dāng)陳述部分為否定式,反意疑問部分為肯定式 時,其回答往往與漢語不一致,要特別注意! —Tom doesn’t know it,does he? ——湯姆不知道這事,對吧? —No,he doesn’t./Yes,he does. ——對,他不知道。/不,他知道。 (2014·高考大綱全國卷,單項填空,改編)Call me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. 明天給我打電話,我會讓你知道實驗結(jié)果的。 (2014·高考北京卷,單項填空,改編)Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 在實驗室里做實驗時,一定要仔細觀察有無變化發(fā)生。,You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.你得讓開,否則卡車從你身邊過不去。 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,is there?毫無疑問,你認為他是無辜的。難道不是嗎? The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.這個驚人的消息使我意識到我們將面臨多么 嚴重的問題。,陳述部分含有must的反意疑問句。(1)must作 “必須”講時,其反意疑問部分用needn’t;當(dāng)含有mustn’t 時,其反意疑問部分用must/may。(2)當(dāng)must 表示推測,作 “一定”講時,把推測的句子變成一個表事實的陳述句,然 后根據(jù)陳述句變反意疑問句。 The work must have been finished yesterday,wasn’t it?→The work was finished yesterday,wasn’t it?,1.Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory. A.how B.that C.which D.where 解析:考查名詞性從句和感嘆句。句意:別讓失敗使你灰心喪氣,因為你永遠不可能弄清楚你離勝利有多近。及物動詞tell后接感嘆句構(gòu)成的賓語從句,根據(jù)句意可知設(shè)空處修飾形容詞close,故應(yīng)用how。,A,2.Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 解析:考查祈使句。句意:每天都要大聲朗讀幾遍諺語,直到你能背誦為止。連詞until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,前面為主 句,主句是一個祈使句,故選A。此處不要被時間狀語 “Every day”所迷惑。,A,- 1.請仔細閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預(yù)覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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