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專項(xiàng)五 形容詞和副詞,一、形容詞和副詞的辨析 形容詞和副詞的辨析主要分為兩類：一類是給出語(yǔ)境，讓學(xué)生選擇符合這種語(yǔ)境的形容詞或副詞；另一類是一定語(yǔ)境中形容詞或副詞的辨析。 1．形容詞 (1)appropriate；conscious；arbitrary (2)commercial；generous；comparable；profitable,Part,規(guī)律印證 考 點(diǎn) 落 實(shí) ， 步 步 為 “ 贏 ”,[邊 做 邊 悟],(3)reasonable；confident；creative；grateful (4)important；spare；public；convenient (5)dramatic；regional；apparent；subtle (6)unchallenged；relevant；controversial；contradictory (7)vital；available；specific；similar (8)available；affordable；acceptable；valuable,①(2013·浙江卷)瑪麗剛開(kāi)始在公司是臨時(shí)秘書(shū)，但最終她在這里得到了一份全職的工作。 Mary worked here as a ________ (臨時(shí)的)secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company. ②(2013·福建卷)紫禁城每天都吸引著絡(luò)繹不絕的游客，特別是在國(guó)慶節(jié)期間。 The Forbidden City attracts a ________ (持續(xù)不斷的)stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.,2．副詞 (1)hopefully；curiously；occasionally；gradually (2)thus；besides；rather (3)competitively；recently；reasonably；affordably (4)besides；instead (5)otherwise；however；altogether (6)especially；equally；naturally；normally (7)nevertheless；therefore (8)regularly；particularly；approximately,③(2013·遼寧卷)我搬到紐約后的前兩天一切進(jìn)展得似乎都很順利。 Everything seemed to be going ________ (順利) for the first two days after I moved to New York. ④ (2013·湖北卷)別再為他辯護(hù)了。顯然他是故意把花園的圍墻弄壞的，而且還不道歉。 Don't defend him any more.It's obvious that he________ (故意地)destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology. 答案 ①temporary ②constant ③smoothly ④deliberately,二、形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí) 1．比較等級(jí)的常見(jiàn)句型 比較等級(jí)的常見(jiàn)句型有： (1)兩者比較，用“比較級(jí) ＋ than”表示。 (2)表示“兩者之間較……的那個(gè)”用“the＋比較級(jí)＋n.＋ of the two ＋n.”。 (3)表示“越……，就越……”用“the ＋ 比較級(jí)，the ＋ 比較級(jí)”。 (4)as＋原級(jí)adj./adv.＋as.表示“和……一樣”。not as/so＋原級(jí)adj./adv.＋as.表示“不如……”。,①(上海高考) 在古代，人們很少進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)距離旅行，大多數(shù)農(nóng)民到的最遠(yuǎn)的地方就是當(dāng)?shù)厥袌?chǎng)。 In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled ________________. ② (全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)人們普遍認(rèn)為，教學(xué)是一門科學(xué)，同時(shí)也是一門藝術(shù)。 It is generally believed that teaching is ________________ it is a science.,2.比較等級(jí)前常用的修飾語(yǔ) 比較等級(jí)前常用的修飾語(yǔ)有：a little, a bit, slightly, much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。 ③ ——我不得不說(shuō)這部電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒(méi)有。 ——為什么？它比我以前看過(guò)的所有電影都有趣多了。 —The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. —Why? It's ________________ than the films I have ever seen.,3．否定詞＋比較級(jí)＝最高級(jí) “否定詞＋比較級(jí)”表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義： ④(2014·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)為斯蒂文森先生工作感覺(jué)非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。 Mr.Stevenson is great to work for — I really ________. 4. 比較等級(jí)的其他表達(dá)法 ⑤我最喜歡的是生物，其次是物理。 Next to biology, I like physics ________. 答案 ①as far as the local market ②as much an art as ③far more interesting ④couldn't ask for a better boss ⑤best,三、連接副詞 副詞起連接作用，使前后句構(gòu)成某種邏輯上的銜接。常見(jiàn)的連接副詞有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover，thus, meanwhile 等。 ①(2013·江西卷)多么可怕的經(jīng)歷?。〔贿^(guò)你現(xiàn)在安全了——這是主要的事情。 What a terrible experience! ________ , you're safe now —that's the main thing.,②騎自行車是一種很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式，而且又不會(huì)造成大氣污染。 Bicycling is good exercise；________ , it does not pollute the air. ③麥克通常是很認(rèn)真的，然而這次他犯了個(gè)小錯(cuò)誤。 Mike was usually so careful, ________ this time he made a small mistake. 答案 ①Anyway ②besides ③yet,四、倍數(shù)表達(dá)法 倍數(shù)的常見(jiàn)表達(dá)方式： (1)倍數(shù)＋as＋原級(jí)形容詞(副詞)＋as. (2)倍數(shù)＋the size/length/width/depth/height of. (3)倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than. ①(2013·安徽卷)據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)發(fā)電廠現(xiàn)在是以前的兩倍大。 It's said that the power plant is now ________ what it was. ②(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 這家餐館還沒(méi)有我們?nèi)ミ^(guò)的其他餐館的一半好呢。 This restaurant wasn't ______ that other restaurant we went to. 答案 ① twice as large as ② half as good as,1．要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。 【誤】 He is more cleverer than his brother. 【正】 He is more clever than his brother. 【正】 He is cleverer than his brother. 2．要避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中。 【誤】 China is larger than any country in Asia. 【正】 China is larger than any other country in Asia.,[考 點(diǎn) 警 示],3．比較的對(duì)象要一致。 【誤】 The weather in China is different from America. 【正】 The weather in China is different from that in America. 解析 句意：中國(guó)的天氣與美國(guó)的天氣不同。比較的是天氣而不是國(guó)家，比較的對(duì)象要一致，因此用 that 代替前面的不可數(shù)名詞 weather 。,4．要避免表語(yǔ)形容詞用作定語(yǔ)，只有部分表語(yǔ)形容詞可作定語(yǔ)。 【誤】 Entering the room, I saw an afraid girl crouching in the corner. 【正】 Entering the room, I saw a frightened girl crouching in the corner. 解析 afraid 是表語(yǔ)形容詞，不能作定語(yǔ)，而frightened 是過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化的普通形容詞，可以作定語(yǔ)。,5．不要把連接性副詞當(dāng)連詞使用。 (1)【誤】 He takes no interest in studies，instead，he plays tennis all day. 【正】 He takes no interest in studies；instead, he plays tennis all day. 【正】 He takes no interest in studies.Instead, he plays tennis all day.,(2)【誤】 The house is not big enough for us，besides, it is too far from town. 【正】 The house is not big enough for us, and besides, it is too far from town. 【正】 The house is not big enough for us. Besides, it is too far from town. 解析 instead，besides 等很多詞是起連接作用的副詞，不能當(dāng)連詞使用，因此它們所在的句子和前面的句子之間只有語(yǔ)義上的邏輯關(guān)系，而句子之間在語(yǔ)法上是獨(dú)立的，因此前面的句子要用句號(hào)或分號(hào)或用 and 并列。,形容詞作狀語(yǔ) 形容詞作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨或結(jié)果，并不表達(dá)動(dòng)作的方式。 ①(安徽高考) 她無(wú)憂無(wú)慮、積極樂(lè)觀，是那種用微笑給別人帶來(lái)快樂(lè)的人。 ________ ，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. ②(北京高考)經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間旅行后，他們?nèi)齻€(gè)回到家，又餓又累。 After the long journey，the three of them went back home, ____________. 答案 ①Lighthearted and optimistic ②hungry and tired,[易 錯(cuò) 防 范],