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專項十一 名詞性從句,一、名詞性從句中what的考查 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時表示“所有……的事物、東西，凡是……的事物”，充當(dāng)從句的主語、賓語、表語或定語。 請判斷黑體what所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?① 你想用語言所傳達(dá)的信息可能與他人所理解的恰恰相反。 The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.__________,Part,規(guī)律印證 考 點 落 實 ， 步 步 為 “ 贏 ”,[邊 做 邊 悟],②(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ) 警察找到的東西似乎是那尊丟失的古代雕像。 Police have found what appears to be the lost ancient statue.__________ ③(2013·北京卷) 讓這本書如此非凡的是作者創(chuàng)造性的想象力。 What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.__________ 答案 ①what在從句中作賓語 ②what在從句中作主語 ③what在從句中作主語,二、名詞性從句中that 的考查 that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，沒有詞義，不作句子的任何成分，只起連接詞的作用。 (2013·山東卷)It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away. 答案 that [句意：得知我們離開時狗會得到很好的照顧真高興。分析句子成分可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，而且在從句中不作任何句子成分。],三、名詞性從句中whether的考查 whether為連詞，在從句中不作任何成分，意為“是否”， 表示不肯定，不把握，有疑問等意義。 ①(2013·陜西卷)It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice. 答案 whether [句意：這個新形成的委員會的政策能否實施還有待觀察。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，It作形式主語，而真正的主語是后面的從句“ ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”；再根據(jù)句意來判斷，此處表示“是否”的意思。],②The limits of a person's intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 答案 whether [句意：一個人的智力極限，通常來說，出生時就已經(jīng)定型了，但他是否能夠達(dá)到這些極限則取決于他的生活環(huán)境。根據(jù)“depend on”可知，主語從句“ ________ he reaches these limits”中含有不確定因素，故用whether。],1．what 與 that (1)【誤】 All what he did was for you. 【正】 What he did was for you. 【正】 All that he did was for you. (2)【誤】 I was thinking that I could do for you. 【正】 I was thinking what I could do for you. 解析 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，what 相當(dāng)于 the thing that/the.that/all that 等，具體的意義要根據(jù)上下文確定。在名詞性從句中，what 既有意義，又在從句中作一定的成分，而 that 無意義，且在從句中不作成分。,[考 點 警 示],2．who 與 whoever 【誤】 Who is the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Whoever is the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Anyone who is the first to come will get a gift. 解析 whoever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，意為“無論誰”，相當(dāng)于 anyone who；而 who 意為“誰”。,3．whether 與 if (1)【誤】 They don't know if to go there. 【正】 They don't know whether to go there. (2)【誤】 It depends on if we have enough time. 【正】 It depends on whether we have enough time. 解析 與 to do 不定式連用或作介詞賓語時，連接詞一般用 whether，不用 if。,4．whoever 與 whomever 【誤】 Please give the book to whomever needs it most. 【正】 Please give the book to whoever needs it most. 解析 此處，whoever 在從句中作主語，因此不能用 whoever。名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇要注意其意義及它在從句中所作的成分。,5．【誤】 He will win the match is certain. 【正】 That he will win the match is certain. 【正】 It is certain that he will win the match. 解析 that 位于句首引導(dǎo)主語從句時，不能省略。 6．【誤】 What we bought was some bananas. 【正】 What we bought were some bananas. 解析 what 引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時，若表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,7．名詞性從句的語序 【誤】 So now you know what should you do. 【正】 So now you know what you should do. 解析 名詞性從句應(yīng)用陳述語序。 8．【誤】 There's a fact that English is being accepted as an important language. 【正】 It's a fact that English is being accepted as an important language. 解析 It is a fact that.句型中，it 為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的that 從句。it 不能換成 there。,9．【誤】 He is late.That's why he got up late this morning. 【正】 He is late.That's because he got up late this morning. 解析 That's why.……的原因 That's because.那是因為……。此處起床晚是遲到的原因，故用 That's because.,一、名詞性從句中what 與 that 的比較 that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也沒有任何含義；what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在從句中要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。 ①(2013·四川卷) ________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 答案 What [句意：你在會上所說的話描述了公司的光明前景。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在從句中作賓語，故用what。],[易 錯 防 范],②It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office. 答案 that [It occurs/occurred to sb that.是固定句型，表示“某人突然想起……”。it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的主語。],二、名詞性從句中whether 與 if 的比較 whether 和 if 在賓語從句中可以倒換，但介詞后一般用 whether，在其他情況下用 whether 而不用if。試比較： ①I wonder ________ you would like to join us in the outing this weekend. ②I have no idea ________ he will come to help us. ③ ________ you can come or not makes a difference. ④It doesn't matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park. 答案 ①whether/if ②whether ③Whether ④whether,三、名詞性從句中whichever與whoever及whatever的比較 whoever與whatever表泛指，意為“無論誰”，“無論什么”；whichever表示在特定范圍內(nèi)選擇，意為“無論……的哪一個、哪一些”。 ①We have plenty of books.You may take ____________ you like. ②It's generally considered unwise to give a child ____________ he or she wants. ③____________ of them gains the most points wins the competition. ④____________ leaves the room last should close the door. 答案 ①whichever ②whatever ③Whichever ④Whoever,四、名詞性從句中who與whoever的比較 who在名詞性從句中表示“誰”；whoever相當(dāng)于anyone who或those who。 ① ____________ breaks the law should be punished. ② ____________ broke the glass is still unknown. ③ 我們承諾給參加聚會的人一個同電影明星照相的機(jī)會。 We promise ________ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 答案 ①Whoever ②Who ③whoever,五、名詞性從句中why與because的比較 why引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時意思是“為什么”，可在從句中作主、賓、表、同位語從句；because意思是“因為”，只引導(dǎo)表語從句。 ①He was late.That's ____________ he was stuck in the traffic jam. ②He was stuck in the traffic jam.That's _________ he was late. ③(2013·安徽卷)From space, the earth looks blue.This is ____________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 答案 ①because ②why ③because,