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專項(xiàng)十三 特殊句式及其他,一、倒裝 倒裝句必考的五大句型：NAOSH (1)N代表none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定詞，以及由no構(gòu)成的否定短語如at no time, by no means等置于句首的部分倒裝。,Part,規(guī)律印證 考 點(diǎn) 落 實(shí) ， 步 步 為 “ 贏 ”,[邊 做 邊 悟],①(2013·福建卷) 直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的困難他才意識(shí)到對家人的愛的重要性。 Not until he went through real hardship ________ the love we have for our families is important. ②(2013·江蘇卷)這個(gè)男孩說：“我從來沒有懷疑過我爸爸會(huì)來救我。” “Never for a second，” the boy says, “ ________ that my father would come to my rescue.”,(2)A代表as/though，表示“雖然，盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)用部分倒裝。 ③(重慶高考) 雖然他對那份工作的報(bào)酬不滿意，但是他為了得到一些工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)還是接受了它。 Unsatisfied ________ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.,(3)O代表only，“only＋狀語”置于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。 ④(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ) 只有增加50%的醫(yī)生，病人才能在這家醫(yī)院得到妥善治療。 Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ________ properly in this hospital. ⑤(2013·江西卷)只有當(dāng)他為他的粗魯?shù)狼笗r(shí)，我才會(huì)再和他說話。 Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ________ to him again.,(4)S代表so/such，so/such.that.結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)so/such位于句首時(shí)，其后的句子用部分倒裝。 ⑥(山東高考) 如此突然的攻擊，敵人已經(jīng)沒有時(shí)間逃跑。 So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape. (5)H代表here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或方位的副詞或介詞短語置于句首時(shí)，句子用全部倒裝。 ⑦ (陜西高考)約翰打開門，他從來沒見過的一位女孩站在那兒。 John opened the door.There ________ he had never seen before.,⑧(重慶高考)重慶，中國最大的十城市之一，坐落在長江和嘉陵江的交匯處。 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ________， one of the ten largest cities in China. 答案 ①did he realize ②did I doubt ③though/as he was ④can the patients be treated ⑤will I speak ⑥was the attack ⑦stood a girl ⑧l(xiāng)ies Chongqing,二、強(qiáng)調(diào) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was ＋ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 ＋ that/who ＋ 其他部分。 (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判別方法是：去掉It is/was和that/who后句子仍然完整。 ①(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ) It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. 答案 that [句意：看到那些文件后，格羅斯先生才意識(shí)到他面前的任務(wù)完成起來是極其困難的。本題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語。注意It is/was.that/who.是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的標(biāo)志，去掉后，句子依然完整。],②(2013·天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan. 答案 that [句意：直到將近信的結(jié)尾她才提及了自己的計(jì)劃。本題的題干為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為not until near the end of the letter。] ③Was it on a lonely island ________ he was saved one month after the boat went down? 答案 that [強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：“It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分＋that/who＋句子的其他部分”，表示“正是……”或“就是……”。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Is/Was it.that/who.？],(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)在其前面加do/does/did。 ④(四川高考)If you have a job, ________ (devote) yourself to it and finally you'll succeed. 答案 do devote [本句為“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”句型；do是對謂語動(dòng)詞devote的強(qiáng)調(diào)。],三、省略 (1)狀語從句的省略 在狀語從句中，如果主從句主語一致或從句的主語是it，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞，可以將從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞一起省略。 ①(2013·江西卷) 如果有人要求為他照看行李，請馬上報(bào)警。 If ________ (ask)to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. 答案 asked,(2)不定式的省略 在動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了避免重復(fù)，常常省略不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞，只保留to。 ②(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police________ . 答案 not to [考查省略。句意：那個(gè)司機(jī)想把車?？吭诼愤?，但是警察不允許他這樣做。為了避免重復(fù)，常常省略與前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符號(hào)to。補(bǔ)充完整后應(yīng)為“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。],點(diǎn)津： 如果承前省略的不定式中含有be或have時(shí)，be和have不能省略。 ①—Are you a doctor? —No, but I used to be. ②—He hasn't finished the work. —But he ought to have.,四、主謂一致 1．連接詞與主謂一致 (1)就近原則：由or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also.等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語時(shí)，采用就近一致原則，即謂語動(dòng)詞和與它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter. (2)就遠(yuǎn)原則：主語部分包括as well as, rather than, but, except, with, together with, along with等連接其他名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與前面的主語保持一致。,① (2013·福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 答案 was invited [考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：那位著名的音樂家和他的學(xué)生被邀請?jiān)?012年臺(tái)北花博會(huì)的開幕式上演出。首先，結(jié)合句意可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)描述過去的行為；其次，as well as連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和前面的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，本句謂語應(yīng)與the famous musician一致，用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。],② (2013·江蘇卷)Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development. 答案 is [考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。從題干可以看出本題的主語是students' inner motivation，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)題中的Generally可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。],2．分?jǐn)?shù)/不定量詞作主語時(shí)的兩大問題 (1)the rest, all, most, the majority, 百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)等指代名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 ③The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ________ saved for other purposes. 答案 were [考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這家工廠使用了65%的原材料，其余的節(jié)省下來以作他用。后半句中的 the rest of which 中的which 指的是raw materials, 所以謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。],④One-third of the country ________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ black people. 答案 is；are [考查主謂一致。 句意：這個(gè)國家的三分之一被樹覆蓋，而且大多數(shù)公民是黑人。在第一空中，one- third of the country 指“一個(gè)國家的三分之一”， 后面的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。在第二空中，the majority 后面的citizens 為復(fù)數(shù)意義，故謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。],(2)由a kind of, kinds of, an amount of, amounts of, a quantity of, quantities of跟名詞或“名詞＋ of this kind”等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與of之前的名詞保持一致。 This kind of apples tastes good and sells well. Apples of this kind taste good and sell well.,五、反意疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句 (1)反意疑問句用于主從復(fù)合句中，疑問句一般應(yīng)與主句的主謂語保持一致，但如果主句的主語是第一人稱時(shí)，疑問句一般應(yīng)與從句的主謂語保持一致。 ①There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, ________？ 答案 is there [陳述部分中含有表示否定意義的詞little，所以簡短問句用肯定形式；陳述部分為there be句型，故簡短問句應(yīng)用is there。],②It doesn't matter if they want to come to your party, ________？ 答案 does it [ 題干中主句為It doesn't matter，反意疑問句應(yīng)與主句保持一致。] ③I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ________？ 答案 didn't I [在反意疑問句中，若陳述部分是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，附加疑問句一般要與主句一致。],(2)祈使句做題的關(guān)鍵是搞清是祈使句還是非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，主要句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”。 ④(2013·湖南卷)Every day ________ (read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. 答案 read [句意：每天都要大聲朗讀幾遍諺語，直到你能背誦為止。連詞until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，前面為主句，主句是一個(gè)祈使句。] ⑤Before you quit your job, ________ (consider) how your family would feel about your decision. 答案 consider [前面是Before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，故后面是主句。分析題干可知此處是省略了主語you的祈使句。],(3)感嘆句的兩種基本模式：What＋ (a/an)＋(形容詞)＋名詞(主語＋謂語)！與How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語！應(yīng)注意感嘆句作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)的情況 ⑥(遼寧高考) ________ a strange plant! I've never seen it before. 答案 What [考查感嘆句。句意：多么奇怪的植物??！我以前從沒見過。此處為“What＋a/an ＋adj.＋n.＋it is/was”的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。],⑦(北京高考)The shocking news made me realize ________ terrible problems we would face. 答案 what [考查名詞性從句。句意：這個(gè)驚人的消息使我意識(shí)到我們將面臨多么嚴(yán)重的問題。此處what 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是一個(gè)感嘆句。],1．【誤】 Did he begin to learn English only when he was 30 years old. 【正】 He began to learn English only when he was 30 years old./Only when he was 30 years old did he begin to learn English. 解析 當(dāng)only 和所修飾的狀語位于句首時(shí)引起部分倒裝，如果不在句首時(shí)，則不倒裝。此外，當(dāng) only 用于修飾主語時(shí)，也不倒裝。如：Only the grown-ups are allowed to see the film.,[考 點(diǎn) 警 示],2．【誤】 Not only can he repair bikes but can he repair televisions. 【正】 Not only can he repair bikes but he can repair televisions. 解析 not only.but (also)．的部分倒裝，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：not only ＋ 倒裝語序，but also ＋ 陳述語序。此外，當(dāng) not only.but also.位于句首連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)，主謂也不倒裝。如：Not only she but also I will get married next year.,3．【誤】 —I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. —So do I. 【正】 —I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. —So it is with me. 解析 若前句為兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的分句，后句表示另外一個(gè)主語與前句有關(guān)的各種情況相同時(shí)，往往用：“so it is /was with ＋主語”或者是“it is /was the same with ＋ 主語”。,4．【誤】 A child as/though he is，he is very brave. 【正】 Child as/though he is，he is very brave. 解析 由 as /though 引導(dǎo)的表示“雖然，盡管”的讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序，把從句的表語或狀語等放在 as/though 的前面，但是如果從句中的表語是名詞，該名詞前不加任何冠詞。,5．【誤】 —Are you and Jane getting married? —We hope. 【正】 —Are you and Jane getting married? —We hope to. 解析 動(dòng)詞不定式在 like，love，care，want，hope，expect，prefer，refuse，decide，mean，intend，try，promise 等動(dòng)詞后作賓語時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)，常常省略不定式后的內(nèi)容，但是要保留不定式符號(hào) to 。,一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與狀語從句 判斷下列句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型或狀語從句。 ①昨天午夜我回到了家里。 It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. 答案 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 ②當(dāng)我昨天回到家里時(shí)，已經(jīng)是午夜了。/昨天我還沒到家就到了午夜了。 It was midnight when/before I got back home yesterday. 答案 狀語從句,[易 錯(cuò) 防 范],二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語從句 判斷下列句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型或定語從句。 ③It was the room where the important meeting was once held. 答案 定語從句 ④It was in the room that the important meeting was once held. 答案 強(qiáng)調(diào)句,