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專項(xiàng)三 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ),一、介詞辨析 (1)against (表示方位)倚靠著……； (表示態(tài)度)反對(duì)；(表示對(duì)比)以……為背景 (陜西高考)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it. 看來(lái)意見(jiàn)達(dá)成一致是不可能了，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)委員會(huì)成員都表示反對(duì)。,Part,規(guī)律印證 考 點(diǎn) 落 實(shí) ， 步 步 為 “ 贏 ”,[邊 做 邊 悟],(2)off (表示位置)在……的外面，在……的沿海； (表示方向)偏離；從……離開(kāi) (遼寧高考)The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake. Well Hotel坐落于湖盡頭的大路附近一個(gè)非常安靜的地方。 (3)over (表示位置)在……的正上方；在……的上面； (表示方向)越過(guò)；(表示等級(jí)或數(shù)目)高于，在……之上，超過(guò)；(表示時(shí)間或過(guò)程)在……期間,(山東高考)I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy over the past couple of weeks. 很抱歉我沒(méi)有給您打電話，但是在過(guò)去的兩周里我一直很忙。 (4)beyond (表示位置)在……另一邊；在……更遠(yuǎn)處； (表示程度)超出； 非……所能及 (全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story. 聽(tīng)了她感人的故事，大家都被感動(dòng)得無(wú)以言表。,(5)with (表示關(guān)系)和……在一起 ；(表示狀態(tài))具有，帶有；(表示方式)用……；憑借…… ；(表示對(duì)象)關(guān)于 ……；(表示伴隨)隨著；(表示原因)由于，因?yàn)?(重慶高考)The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money with me. 這本詞典是我想要的東西，但我身上沒(méi)帶那么多錢(qián)。,(6)through (表示位置)穿過(guò)；(表示時(shí)間)整個(gè)……；(表示手段、媒介)依據(jù)，經(jīng)由 (重慶高考)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you through the tough years. 畢業(yè)時(shí)是向那些在艱難歲月里幫助過(guò)你的人表示感謝的好機(jī)會(huì)。,①(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) 沒(méi)有一些數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)，不可能有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奈锢硌芯俊?A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics. ②(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 為了完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，我們簡(jiǎn)直是在和時(shí)間賽跑啊。幸運(yùn)的是，我們做到了。 It was a real race ________ time to get the project done.Luckily, we made it. ③(北京高考)你覺(jué)得這件襯衣的肩部是不是太緊了？ Do you think this shirt is too tight ________ the shoulders? 答案 ①without ② against ③across,二、介詞短語(yǔ)辨析 介詞的固定搭配考查有兩種：一是考查固定搭配中的介詞；二是考查介詞短語(yǔ)。 (1)in in the meanwhile 同時(shí) in the way 阻擋 in time 及時(shí)；最終 in detail 詳細(xì)地 in favour of 同意 in case 以免；萬(wàn)一 in return 作為回報(bào) in exchange for 用以交換……,(2)for be praised for 因?yàn)椤艿奖頁(yè)P(yáng) for life 終生 for the benefit of 為了……的利益 as for 就……而論；關(guān)于 be trained for 被訓(xùn)練為…… for lack of 由于缺乏…… (3)of of ＋ great/much＋抽象名詞,(4)on on behalf of 代表 on the contrary 相反 on condition that 以……作為條件 (5)with have an appointment with 與……有約會(huì) with regard to 關(guān)于 (6)above above average 在平均數(shù)以上 above all 首先；最重要的是 (7)by by chance 偶然；碰巧 by name 用名字 by the dozen 按打(出售),(8)from apart from 除……之外 far from 遠(yuǎn)非 (9)against warn sb against (doing)sth 警告某人不要做某事 (10)out of out of place 不在合適的位置；不適當(dāng)?shù)?(11)to To one's delight/ surprise/ sorrow/ joy/regret.令某人高興的/吃驚的/悲傷的/快樂(lè)的/遺憾的是．,①(2013·陜西卷) 我和史密斯先生有個(gè)約會(huì)，但我需要改一下。 I ________________ Dr.Smith, but I need to change it. ②(2013·山東卷) 史密斯夫婦因其教養(yǎng)孩子的方式而受到贊揚(yáng)。 The Smiths ___________ the way they bring up their children. ③(2013·江蘇卷) 收到你的電子郵件，我總是很開(kāi)心。至于七月一日的聚會(huì)，我很樂(lè)意參加。 I am always delighted when I receive an email from you._____ the party on July 1st，I shall be pleased to attend.,④(2013·遼寧卷)我代表在場(chǎng)的所有人祝您歸國(guó)旅途愉快。 ________ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 答案 ①have an appointment with ②are praised for ③With regard to ④On behalf of,1．【誤】 Sometimes our opinions differ because what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed. 【正】 Sometimes our opinions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed. 解析 because 是連詞，其后接句子；而 because of 是介詞短語(yǔ)，其后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性從句等。,[考 點(diǎn) 警 示],2．【誤】 —How long have you been an actor? —In 1995, when I graduated from college. 【正】 —How long have you been an actor? —Since 1995, when I graduated from college. 解析 結(jié)合問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)境，只有 since 后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(問(wèn)句)呼應(yīng)。,3．【誤】 In those days，we had no phones，so we had to keep in touch with writing often. 【正】 In those days，we had no phones，so we had to keep in touch by writing often. 解析 by 在這里表示方式，by writing 意為“通過(guò)寫(xiě)信”。,4．【誤】 —How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space ! —It 's a challenge, I guess，for man against nature. 【正】 —How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space ! —It 's a challenge, I guess, of man against nature. 解析 答句中的 I guess 是插入語(yǔ)，因此所填介詞與 challenge 連用，構(gòu)成 a challenge of “…… 的挑戰(zhàn)”。,貌似分詞的介詞 ①concerning：意為“關(guān)于”、“就……來(lái)說(shuō)”(with regard to，with reference to)，一般用于較正式的文體或場(chǎng)合。 關(guān)于她的下落，我們?nèi)詿o(wú)消息。 We still have no information ________________ her whereabouts. ②considering：意為“考慮到”或“鑒于”，“就……而論”(taking.into consideration，in view of)。 就她的年齡而論，她顯得十分年輕。 ________________ ，she looks quite young.,[易 錯(cuò) 防 范],③regarding意為“關(guān)于，至于”(with reference to，about)。 關(guān)于改革的前途，我們是有信心的。 We have confidence ________________. ④owing to意為“因?yàn)?、由于?because of，on account of)。 因?yàn)橄掠?，這場(chǎng)籃球賽已被取消了。 ________________ ，the basketball game has been cancelled. ⑤given如果考慮到，假定 考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗(yàn)，這個(gè)工作他們做得不錯(cuò)。 ________________ ，they have done a good job.,⑥judging from/by ( ＝to judge by)“由……來(lái)判斷”，用作介詞。 由他所說(shuō)的來(lái)判斷，他一定是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。 ________________ what he said, he must be an honest man. 答案 ①concerning ②Considering her age ③regarding the future of reform ④Owing to the rain ⑤Given their inexperience ⑥Judging from/by,