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形容詞和副詞,知識(shí)梳理,一、形容詞作補(bǔ)語和狀語 1. 形容詞作主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí), 可以 表示“現(xiàn)狀, 狀態(tài)”; 也可以表示某一動(dòng)作的結(jié)果, 常用在表示“認(rèn)為, 看待”等動(dòng)詞后, 如believe, prove, consider等。,形容詞和副詞,2. 形容詞作狀語時(shí), 可以看作是“being＋形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)或when, if, because等從句的省略, 表示時(shí)間、方式、原因、伴隨、讓步、條件等, 也可以表示對(duì)主語進(jìn)行解釋, 說明主語是什么情況, 或進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào), 其邏輯主語必須與句子主語保持一致。如: Hungry and tired, he had to stop working. Ripe(＝When they are ripe), the oranges taste sweet.,,二、表語形容詞 表語形容詞是一般只用于系動(dòng)詞后作表語的形容詞, 這類動(dòng)詞常見的有remain, stay, stand, keep, lie, grow, turn, get, become, run, come, seem, sound, appear, look, smell, taste, feel等。常見的表語形容詞有: 某些以a-開頭的形容詞: afraid “害怕的”; alive “活著的”; alone “單獨(dú)的”; ashamed “羞愧的”; asleep “睡著的”; awake “醒著 的”等。,① 這類形容詞除afraid和ashamed可用very修飾外, 一般不用very修飾, 可用其他表程度的副詞修飾, 如very much。常用搭配: wide awake 完全清醒 sound/fast asleep 酣睡 quite alone 非常孤獨(dú) still alive 仍然活著 much alike 非常相似 full/well/quite aware of 充分意識(shí)到; 對(duì)……非常清醒 ② 表語形容詞還可用作后置定語。如: He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today.,2. 某些與健康狀況有關(guān)的形容詞: well “健康的”; fine “健康的”; poorly “不適; 不舒服”; unwell “不舒服的”; ill “有病的”; faint “頭暈的”等。如: I’m feeling well today. He is ill today.,3. 某些描述感覺或心情的形容詞: glad “高興的”; pleased “高興的”; content “滿意的”; sorry “難過的”; upset “難過的”等。如: I am glad/pleased to hear that you are offered a good job. 4. 其他表語形容詞: certain “確認(rèn)的”; sure “確信的”; fond “喜歡的”; ready “準(zhǔn)備好的”; unable “不能……的”等。如: I’m certain/sure that he will succeed.,三、復(fù)合形容詞 1. 副詞詞干＋分詞, 如: hard-working 勤勞的 2. 名詞詞干＋過去分詞, 如: man-made人造的 3. 名詞詞干＋現(xiàn)在分詞, 如: time-consuming 耗時(shí)的 4. 名詞詞干＋形容詞, 如: world-famous 世界聞名的 5. 數(shù)詞詞干＋名詞, 如: five-star 五星級(jí)的 6. 數(shù)詞詞干＋名詞-ed, 如: three-legged 三條腿的,7. 數(shù)詞詞干＋名詞＋形容詞, 如: five-year-old 5歲的 8. 形容詞詞干＋過去分詞, 如: ready-made 現(xiàn)成的 9. 形容詞詞干＋名詞-ed, 如: kind-hearted 好心的 10. 形容詞詞干＋現(xiàn)在分詞, 如: ordinary-looking 相貌一般的 11. 形容詞詞干＋形容詞, 如: red-hot 熾熱 的,四、副詞 1. 派生副詞 1) 最常用的后綴是-ly, 即“形容詞＋后綴-ly”構(gòu)成副詞。 2) 還有加后綴-ward(s), -ways, -wise等構(gòu)成副詞。如: backwards, northwards, sideways, crossways, clockwise等。,2. 復(fù)合副詞和短語副詞 復(fù)合副詞是指由兩個(gè)詞共同組成的副詞。如anyhow, meantime, nowhere, somehow, therefore等。 短語副詞是指用連詞把副詞連接起來的短語。如back and forth(前后), here and there(到處), now and then(不時(shí))等。,一、形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成 1. 形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞, 一般在詞尾加-er, -est來構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。,形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí),注意: 有些形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)可采用在詞尾加-er和-est的形式, 也可采用在單詞前加more和most的形式, 這類形容詞有clear, common, cruel, free, handsome, lively, often, pleasant, polite, pretty, quiet, secure, solid, stupid等。,2. 副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 1) 大多數(shù)以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞在其前加more和most來構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。如： quickly—more quickly—most quickly carefully—more carefully—most carefully 2) 單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在詞尾加-er構(gòu)成比較級(jí), 加-est構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。如： hard—harder—hardest fast—faster—fastest early—earlier—earliest,3. 幾個(gè)特殊的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),二、形容詞和副詞原級(jí)的常見句型 1. as＋形容詞/副詞＋as 如: He is as tall as his father. He speaks English as fluently as an Englishman. 注意: 在否定句或疑問句中可用so.as, 即not as/so.as。如: He can’t run so/as fast as you. It’s not as/so warm as yesterday.,2. “as＋形容詞＋a(n)＋單數(shù)名詞＋as”或“as＋many/much＋名詞＋as”。如: This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can. There are as many students in your class as in ours.,三、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的常見 句型 1. more＋原級(jí)/名詞＋than＋原級(jí)/名詞, 意為“與其說是……不如說是……”。如: He is more diligent than clever. 2. “比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)”和“more and more＋多音節(jié)詞原級(jí)”, 表示程度遞增。這種結(jié)構(gòu)后不可接than引導(dǎo)的從句。如: Things are getting better and better. She plays the piano more and more beautifully.,注意: from bad to worse/worse and worse 越來越糟 make matters worse/what was worse/worse than all/worse than ever 更糟的是 如: Things are getting from bad to worse/worse and worse. The car broke down when I was driving home from work, and to make matters worse it was pouring with rain.,any other+單數(shù)名詞 all (the) other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 anyone else any of the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 the rest of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,比較級(jí)＋than＋,3. 如果比較對(duì)象不能相互包容時(shí), 句型有:,,4. “the＋比較級(jí), the＋比較級(jí)”表示兩種情況同時(shí)變化。這個(gè)句型中的第一句相當(dāng)于狀語從句, 不能用將來時(shí)態(tài)。如: The more medicine I take, the worse I seem to feel. 5. “no＋比較級(jí)＋than.”意為“都不”, 是對(duì)兩者的共同否定, 側(cè)重前者; “not＋比較級(jí)＋than.”意為“不及”, 表示前者不如后者, 隱含對(duì)兩者的肯定, 側(cè)重后者。如: He is no taller than I. My handwriting is not better than yours.,6. “the＋比較級(jí)＋of the two(＋名詞)”, 表示“兩者中較……的一個(gè)”。如: The taller of the two boys is my brother. 7. the＋最高級(jí)＋of/in＋比較范圍 最高級(jí)表示在一定范圍內(nèi)某事物或某人在性質(zhì)、高低或大小等方面程度最高或最低?！啊凶睢? 用于三者或三者以上的比較。同類范疇用of, 不同類用in。 He talks (the) least and does (the) most in his class. He is the fastest runner of the three boys.,8. not/never＋比較級(jí) “最……不過”。 在比較級(jí)前加上否定意義的詞, 表達(dá)最高級(jí)的含義。如: His work couldn’t be worse. He has never spent a more worrying day.,9. “nothing/nobody.＋比較級(jí)＋than”意為“沒有……更/最”。如: Nothing is better than a hot drink on a cold winter day.,四、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)的修飾語 1. almost, exactly, half, just, nearly, quite, twice, three times, a third time等用于原級(jí)之前, 表示程度。如: He is almost as tall as his brother. This line is twice as long as that one.,2. a bit, a little, rather, any, much/many, far, a great/good deal, a lot, still, even等用于比較級(jí)之前, 表示確定的程度。分?jǐn)?shù)或有關(guān)長度、時(shí)間、重量等名詞短語通常放在比較級(jí)前, 也可由by引出而置于比較級(jí)之后。如: It’s a little colder today than it was yesterday. This shirt is much more expensive than that one. He is two years older than me. ＝He is older than me by two years.,注意: ① 修飾可數(shù)名詞的比較級(jí)不用much, 而用many, 如many more books; 修飾不可數(shù)名詞的比較級(jí)用much, 如much more work, “更多的工作”; much more necessary, “更有必要”。 ② 除quite better外, quite不可修飾比較級(jí)。,3. by far, much, the first/second用于形容詞的最高級(jí)前。如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. This is by far the best. This is much the most important.,五、比較級(jí)相關(guān)習(xí)語 1. more than more than＋數(shù)詞 多于, 超過 more than＋名詞 不僅僅是 more than＋形容詞 非常, 很 more than＋含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的從句 超過了……的范圍 more A than B 與其說……倒不如說…… 2. no more than(＝only) 僅僅, 只有 3. not more than(＝at most) 不超過, 至多,less than 不到……, 少于…… no less than(＝as much as) 多達(dá), 不少于 not less than(＝at least) 至少 more or less(＝almost, nearly, about) 基本上, 差不多; 或多或少 sooner or later 遲早, 早晚, 總有一天 what‘s more 而且, 此外 no sooner.than. 一……就……,考點(diǎn)歸納,近幾年高考對(duì)形容詞、副詞的考查以形容詞、副詞的詞義辨析為主，其次是它們的搭配、比較等級(jí)以及表示銜接手段和表示頻率、方式、程度等副詞的用法。,一、考查形容詞、副詞詞義辨析 解這類題時(shí), 首先要弄清楚各選項(xiàng)詞義, 然后再去理解題意, 最后結(jié)合題意選出符合語境的選項(xiàng)。 With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n) _____ way of reaching target customers. A. temporary B. complex C. accurate D. efficient,2. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said _____,“Don't be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her. A. dreadfully B. guiltily C. indirectly D. sharply,二、考查形容詞、副詞的搭配 做這類題時(shí), 要辨別清楚每個(gè)選項(xiàng)在詞義和搭配上的細(xì)微差別。 It may not be a great suggestion. But before _____ is put forward, we'll make do with it. A. a good one B. a better one C. the best one D. a best one,三、考查形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí) 1. 比較級(jí)與最高級(jí) 一般情況下，題干中沒有明顯的比較等級(jí)形式。做這類題時(shí)，首先看選項(xiàng)，如果選項(xiàng)中有比較等級(jí)，就挖掘題干的深層含義，判斷其中是否需要使用比較等級(jí)的某種具體形式。,Next to biology, I like physics _____. A. better B. best C. the better D. very well,四、考查表示銜接手段的副詞 首先要理解前后兩個(gè)分句或句子的意思，然后再選擇相應(yīng)的副詞。 常見的表示銜接手段的副詞: however, otherwise, though, nevertheless, instead, besides, meanwhile, therefore, thus, yet, afterwards, eventually等。,What a terrible experience! _____, you’re safe now — that's the main thing. A. Anyway B. Besides C. Otherwise D. Therefore,五、考查表示頻率、方式、程度等的副詞 要分清每個(gè)詞的一般用法和特殊用法，而且要特別注意具體的語境。 1. 表示頻率的副詞，如occasionally, sometimes, seldom, never, regularly, usually, rarely等。 2. 表示方式的副詞, 如anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, angrily, happily, slowly等。 3. 表示程度的副詞，如so, very, too, rather, fairly, pretty, enough, quite等。,The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others _____. A. blindly B. unwillingly C. closely D. carefully,1. Joe is proud and _____, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame A. strict B. sympathetic C. stubborn D. sensitive,2. I can’t meet you on Sunday. I’ll be _____ occupied. A. also B. just C. nevertheless D. otherwise,3. Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn’t have found it _____. A. nowhere B. however C. otherwise D. instead,4. There are a small number of people involved, possibly _____ twenty. A. as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as,5. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a _____ smile and let him go. A. cautious B. grateful C. tolerant D. wild,鞏固練習(xí),I. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 1. It is __________ (reason) to assume that he knew beforehand that this would happen. 2. Success doesn’t only depend on what you do. What you don’t do is _______ (equal) important. 3. Once people have seen that something actually works, they are much more _____ (like) to accept change.,reasonable,equally,likely,4. I ______ (mere) suggested you should do it again. There's no need to get annoyed. 5. The river was so polluted that it _______ (actual) caught fire and burned. 6. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _______ (clean) than ever.,merely,actually,cleaner,II. 根據(jù)漢語提示補(bǔ)全句子 （每空一詞）。 When I looked back on the early days of our schooling, I wondered how I had managed with _____ _____ ______ (那么少的錢). 2. The old woman had some ________ ______ ______ ______ (美麗的小紅玫瑰花) in her garden.,so little money,beautiful little,red roses,3. Whatever the circumstances, parents are supposed to know _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ (怎么做最好). 4. The wings of the model plane are _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ (……長度的兩倍多) of its body.,what to do for,the best,than twice the length,more,III. 閱讀短文， 根據(jù)所給提示在空格內(nèi)填入 適當(dāng)單詞， 要求意義準(zhǔn)確， 拼寫正確。 Australia is the largest island in the world. However, it is the 1. ________ (最小的) continent as well. Australia lies in the 2. s_______ hemisphere (半球). It lies southeast of Asia and is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean and the India Ocean.,southern,smallest,The climates in Australia vary 3. _______ (great). A small part of the northeast coast has a tropical climate with heavy rainfall and somewhat 4. h_______ temperatures. Some parts have 5. ________ (definite) dry and wet seasons. Large desert areas with very little rainfall occupy 6. ______ (center) and western Australia. Of course, there are other types of climates in other areas of the continent.,central,greatly,hot / high,definitely,Many people who hear the word Australia think about the 7. _______ (獨(dú)有的) animals that can be found only in Australia. Kangaroos have large back legs and 8. ________ (power) tails. A koala is an animal that eats the leaves of certain types of trees. The duckbill (鴨嘴獸) is a 9. s_____________ creature that has hair and gives milk to its young like other mammals do, but it lays eggs!,unique,powerful,strange / special,