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2016高考導(dǎo)航——適用于全國卷Ⅰ,,專題三 七選五,“通讀全文、詳讀段落、定位選項、通讀復(fù)檢、確定排除”五步驟解題法。,快速瀏覽文章，要注意文章的開始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章的首段(開門見 山)及末段(結(jié)尾總結(jié))。,找到主題句，把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)特點及主要內(nèi)容。,仔細閱讀各個段落,在短時間內(nèi)圈定線索詞,并找出每段寫作內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞。,明確各段的主題句或主旨大意，為整體試題的解決做好鋪墊。,明確選項含義，抓住關(guān)鍵詞 語，篩選選項填入文中，注意句中的銜接標志詞。特別提醒：檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整，語意是否連貫合理，段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當貼切。,確保文章的寫作線 索、寫作思路的連 貫，使文章的每個 段落、每個句子甚至每個短語均融為一個有機的整體。防止文章寫作線索中斷或前后矛盾。,將所選答案代入文中，通讀全文，再次檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整，語意是否連貫合理,各段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題,語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當貼切。,判斷和確定選擇的答案是否正確,尤其通過認真分析、仔細甄別、排除強干擾項得出正確選項。,檢查完之后，應(yīng)再次查看所排除選項，進一步確定排除理由。,防止造成易混選項的誤選。,解答七選五題目時，首先要快速閱讀全文，重點注意首尾段、首尾句以及獨立成段的句子和文章中帶轉(zhuǎn)折詞的句子，目的是掌握文章的主要內(nèi)容。但是由于文章空缺了五處，而且有的地方空缺的是幾句話甚至是一整段，文章的整個結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯是被打斷了的，考生在短時間內(nèi)掌握文章要點或邏輯思路是很困難的。對此，考生可以通過關(guān)注文章挖空所在的位置，利用相應(yīng)的策略來找到適當?shù)倪x項回填入文。 通過總結(jié)近幾年的全國卷可以看出，七選五命題的焦點位置首選段中，出現(xiàn)頻率最高，其次是段首，然后是段尾。,焦點位置1：段中(★★★★★) 挖空位置如果在段中，則所填句子的含義應(yīng)與前句、后句保 持一致。因此，考生在做題時要學(xué)會瞻前顧后，關(guān)注體現(xiàn)出 的前后邏輯關(guān)系和語意。再細分一下，常見的有兩類考查方 式： (1)無關(guān)聯(lián)詞類：無法依據(jù)個別關(guān)鍵詞，只能依據(jù)前后完整的 語境和句意推斷出合理的答案選項。,(2015高考全國卷Ⅰ，節(jié)選)Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.______ Trust is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.,B,F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 【解析】 第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我們從以往經(jīng)歷中獲得的習(xí)得行為。)是對trust的解釋。選項B中的it指代上文出現(xiàn)的trust，并且繼續(xù)解釋trust的含義：putting confidence in someone(對某人寄托信任)，故選B項。注意：選項B與第一句為順承關(guān)系。,(2)有關(guān)聯(lián)詞類：通過一些關(guān)鍵的關(guān)聯(lián)詞匯，可以推斷出所填空是強調(diào)遞進關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系還是因果關(guān)系等。憑借一些體現(xiàn)前后句邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，來突破思維局限，突現(xiàn)“枯木逢春”之景。 ①遞進關(guān)系：also，in addition，what’s more，for example，in other words，second，besides等。,(2013高考全國卷Ⅰ，節(jié)選)One is the establishment(制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production；sales；the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies；and accounting._______The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. A．Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work. B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.,G,C．Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals. D．However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. E．Planning in business management has three main aspects. F．In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects. G．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. 【解析】 結(jié)合前面提到的One和后面提到的The third，可知這里是第二條，與G項中的The second可以聯(lián)系起來。,②轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but，however，yet，otherwise，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of等。,(2014高考遼寧卷，節(jié)選)Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隱形眼鏡)．Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight.While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk._____Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition. A．Eat your greens. B．Eye care should begin early in life. C．They can properly protect your eyes.,F,D．Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins. E．Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight. F．Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear. G．This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness. 【解析】 know－h(huán)ow類說明文中otherwise前面往往都要交代做法，多用祈使句形式。本段的主旨句部分中又出現(xiàn)了safe wear這一關(guān)鍵詞，據(jù)此不難判斷出正確答案為F。,③因果關(guān)系：why，because，so，for this reason，thus，for，as，since，therefore，as a result等。,(2015高考全國卷Ⅰ，節(jié)選)Unfortunately，we’ve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.______ It’s understandable，but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there. A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.,E,E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 【解析】 選項E與上文能形成因果關(guān)系。They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.(他們曾經(jīng)受過嚴重傷害，不能容忍這種事情再次發(fā)生。)是上一句Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.(有時候人們就是不能再信任別人。)的原因。并且與下一句It’s understandable.(這是可以理解的……)有順承關(guān)系。,焦點位置2：段首(★★★★) (1)通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀空格后內(nèi)容，考生應(yīng)該會發(fā) 現(xiàn)，通常情況下段落的中心都會出現(xiàn)在本段的開頭部分。因此可以根據(jù)段落一致性原則，推斷出該段的主題句。這對考生把握本段和理解全文是有指導(dǎo)性意義的。 (2)關(guān)注與后文的關(guān)系。著重閱讀挖空后面的第一、二句，確定相關(guān)信息詞，然后在選項中查找與之相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。閱讀時要學(xué)會瞻前顧后，以確定答案。,(2015高考全國卷Ⅰ，節(jié)選)________ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well－being. ______ If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．At some point in all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated. A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.,A,C,D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 38．【解析】 空格位于段首，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，極有可能是祈使句。并且選項A.Learn to really trust yourself.(學(xué)會真正信任你自己。)與空格后的Having confidence in yourself形成同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。trust yourself相當于have confidence in yourself。,39．【解析】 空格位于段首，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，極有可能是祈使句。下文中If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．(如果你遭遇了背叛，那么你就成為客觀環(huán)境的受害者。但是成為受害者與以“受害者的心態(tài)”活著是有區(qū)別的。)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)victim一詞，而選項C中的關(guān)鍵詞也為victim，形成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。選項 C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己當作受害者。)起到總起本段的作用。,焦點位置3：段尾(★★★) (1)直接承接邏輯類： (2013高考全國卷Ⅰ，節(jié)選)Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.________ A．Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work. B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management. C．Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.,C,D．However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. E．Planning in business management has three main aspects. F．In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects. G．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. 【解析】 空格前面提到了nonprofits，這與C項中的對于nonprofit businesses 進行的舉例說明有著密切的聯(lián)系。,(2)段落總結(jié)收尾類：通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。 These steps aren’t magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you’ll help yourself feel better even faster.________ A．Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B．Notice your friends’ feelings and find a way to help them. C．Different people feel stress in different ways. D．Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.,D,E．You need to figure out what the problem is. F．And don’t forget about your friends. G．Then, find a way to calm down. 【解析】 該空位于全文的結(jié)尾處，應(yīng)該是有關(guān)結(jié)論方面的內(nèi)容?？崭袂懊嬲f，如果你在渡過困難的過程中保持積極樂觀的態(tài)度，你就會更快地幫助自己感覺更好。feel better和D項的feels so good也是相對應(yīng)的。,名師指津 總結(jié)最近幾年的全國卷可以看出，七選五的文章體裁以說明文為主，這類體裁適合考查過渡句、主題句等，能綜合考查考生的閱讀能力，這是需要考生集中狂練的熱點體裁！但是命題組的高考命題創(chuàng)新思維也可能會在體裁的選擇上有一定的靈活體現(xiàn)，所以也需要考生對于“偏冷”的議論文和記敘文類做一定的訓(xùn)練準備，以防“爆冷”的出現(xiàn)！希望考生能夠在多樣話題、多樣體裁方面做到充分備考！,A (2015高考全國卷Ⅰ) Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.1.________ Trust is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.,B,Unfortunately，we’ve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.2._______ It’s understandable，but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there. 3.________ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well－being.,E,A,4.________ If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．At some point in all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated. You didn’t lose “everything”．Once trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.5.________ Instead，it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.,C,G,,A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇議論文。主要介紹了人們在遭受背叛和欺騙后如何重建信任。,1．解析：第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我們從以往經(jīng)歷中獲得的習(xí)得行為。)是對trust的解釋。選項B中的it指代上文出現(xiàn)的trust，并且繼續(xù)解釋trust的含義：putting confidence in someone(對某人寄托信任)，故選B項。注意：選項B與第一句為順承關(guān)系。 2．解析：選項E與上文能形成因果關(guān)系。They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.(他們曾經(jīng)受過嚴重傷害，不能容忍這種事情再次發(fā)生。)是上一句Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.(有時候人們就是不能再信任別人。)的原因。并且與下一句It’s understandable.(這是可以理解的……)有順承關(guān)系。,,3．解析：空格位于段首，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，極有可能是祈使句。并且選項A.Learn to really trust yourself.(學(xué)會真正信任你自己。)與空格后的Having confidence in yourself形成同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。trust yourself相當于have confidence in yourself。 4．解析：空格位于段首，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，極有可能是祈使句。下文中If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．(如果你遭遇了背 叛，那么你就成為客觀環(huán)境的受害者。但是成為受害者與以 “受害者的心態(tài)”活著是有區(qū)別的。)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)victim一詞，而選項C中的關(guān)鍵詞也為victim，形成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。選項 C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己當作受害者。)起到總起本段的作用。,5．解析： Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.(看到事情的積極方面并不意味著你對發(fā)生的事情視而不見。)與下一句Instead，it’s a healthy way.for positive.(相反，這是一個健康的方式……)形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。并且選項中的positive與下文的positive形成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。,B (2015高考全國卷Ⅱ)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs.1.________，buy the best－fitting，best－built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double－check the fit.2.________．As always，you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.,C,E,During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.3.________，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.4.________．After two weeks，start timing yourself.5.________．Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. A．After six days B．For a good marathon runner C．Before you begin your training D．With each day，increase the distance by a half mile E．If they still feel good，you can begin running in them,A,D,G,F．Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G．Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time 【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了進行馬拉松訓(xùn)練的具體做法。首先要做好準備，購買最合適的跑鞋。同時要注意在第一周里不要考慮跑多遠，而是要逐漸延長跑步時間。到第二周的時候，可以設(shè)置跑步距離,每天逐漸加長，然后再根據(jù)參賽的具體情況制訂訓(xùn)練方案。,1．解析：根據(jù)該空后面提供的語境buy the best－fitting, best－built running shoes you can find(購買你能找到的最合適的、最好的跑鞋)可知，這是為了跑馬拉松而進行的準備，這應(yīng)該是在進行馬拉松訓(xùn)練之前做的事情，故選C項“Before you begin your training”。 2．解析：由該空前的語境When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double－check the fit.(當你發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎合適的鞋子時，穿著走動幾天，再次檢查其舒適度。)可知，E選項中they指的就是前面提到的shoes，屬于指代一致。另外feel good與the fit相對應(yīng)。故選E。,3．解析：空前的During the first week，do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.(在第一周的時候，不要考慮跑了多遠，但是每天都要比前一天多跑5分鐘。)提到了the first week，即7天，空格后面說it is wise to take a day off to rest(休息一天是明智的)，這樣剩余的就是6天，與A項相關(guān)。,4．解析：根據(jù)該空格前面提供的語境But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.(但是在接下來的一周，樹立每次至少跑1.5英里的目標。)可知，與D項的“每天增加半英里”意義銜接緊密。 5．解析：由該空前的After two weeks，start timing yourself.(兩周后，開始給自己計時。)可知，這里的timing與G項中的improving distance and time意義相關(guān)。,C (2014高考全國卷Ⅰ)The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.1.________ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. 1．Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious.2.________Ask kids，“What ingredients (配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?,D,A,2．Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.3.________There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity. 3．Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know what’s going on inside our own head，but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.4._______“Why do you think she’s crying？”,C,F,“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？” 4.Self Expression 5.________ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music，acting，drawing，building，photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. A．Encourage kids to cook with you. B．And we can’t forget science education. C．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.,G,D．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist? E．Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. F．We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. G．Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. 【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。孩子未來會從事什么樣的工作呢？或許是目前尚不存在的工作。那么如何讓孩子準備好將來的工作呢？文章給出了要讓孩子做好準備的四個方 面：好奇心、創(chuàng)造性、人際交往技巧和自我表達能力。,1．解析：根據(jù)文章開頭第一句The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.“未來的工作尚未發(fā)明出來”并且結(jié)合后面的By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well“通過幫助他們發(fā)展可以為他們很好服務(wù)的經(jīng)典技能”可知，第一個空應(yīng)該是個問句，D項“那么我們該如何幫助孩子們?yōu)樯胁淮嬖诘墓ぷ髯龊脺蕚淠?？”符合語境。 2．解析：根據(jù)該空后面提供的語境What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？ “下次我們可以添加什么配料來讓這些薄煎餅更好吃呢？”可知與cook有關(guān)，故選A項(鼓勵孩子跟你一起烹飪)。,3．解析：該空在2.Creativity之下，與“創(chuàng)造性”匹配的只有C項中的in new ways“用新的方法”，故C為正確選項。 4．解析：根據(jù)第4個空后面的幾個問題：Why do you think she’s crying？Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？.我們很容易判斷出與F項的ask questions關(guān)系密切。故此處要填入F項“我們可以在我們的實際生活中這樣做或者就故事中的角色進行提問”。 5．解析：G項，“能用有意義的方式交流想法是一項寶貴 的技能”是對Self Expression“自我表達”技能的解釋。expression“表達”與communicate“交流”是該題解答的 關(guān)鍵。,D (2014高考全國卷Ⅱ) Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience，there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often：ability，money，and time.1.________ Money is a topic I’ll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：,B,1．Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already？2.________ 2．Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？3.________ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.,G,C,3．4.________ This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. Hopefully that gives you a good start.5.________ And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!,A,F,A．Try new things. B．Ability is easily improved. C．Make three or four instead. D．Understand your food better. E．Cooking is a burden for many people. F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. 【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在忙碌的生活中怎樣享受烹調(diào)的樂趣的幾條具體建議，如提前做好規(guī) 劃、一次多做點以及嘗試一些新鮮的做法等。,1．解析：空格前面提到了三個原因：ability，money，time?？崭窈竺嫣岬搅薽oney是作者改天再討論的話題，緊接著后面提到了怎樣充分利用時間，所以這里應(yīng)該與第一項ability有關(guān)，因此選擇B項(Ability is easily improved.)，這樣就能做到前后呼應(yīng)。 2．解析：本段的主題句(Think ahead.)就是提前規(guī)劃，并且段落中出現(xiàn)的信息think ahead of the coming week和后面問的問題都是強調(diào)提前進行規(guī)劃有助于省去將來的大量勞動，與G項的信息一致。,3．解析：結(jié)合本段的主題句(Make your time worth it.)可知，要充分利用你的時間，再根據(jù)空格前面的one可知，既然做一個也是做，為什么不多做點兒，以備將來之用呢？因此與C項的信息一致。 4．解析：此空需要填一個主題句，它需要概括全段的內(nèi)容。結(jié)合空格后面的信息詞surprise，experimentation，new ideas等可知與A項“嘗試新東西”信息一致。 5．解析：結(jié)合空格前面的a good start和后面的don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes可知，此處與F項的信息，即“讓做飯和簡單生活成為一種享受，而不是一種負擔(dān)”一致。,