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八年級(jí)下冊 Units 9-10,Ⅰ. 單詞?分類記憶 【核心速記】不可不記 1. _______(n. ) 照相機(jī) 2. ________(v. &n. ) 進(jìn)步 3. _________(v. ) 鼓勵(lì) 4. _____(n. ) 圍巾 5. _____(v. ) 清理 6. ____(v. ) 擁有,camera,progress,encourage,scarf,clear,own,7. ______(v. 搜查 8. ______(prep. ) 在(其)中 9. ________(v. ) 注視,search,among,consider,【聯(lián)想串記】不可不知 1. amuse(v. ) →__________(n. )娛樂 2. invent(v. ) →________(n. )發(fā)明家 →_________(n. )發(fā)明 3. believe(v. ) →_________(adj. )可信的 →___________(adj. )難以置信的 4. usual(adj. ) →_______(adj. )特別的 5. courage(n. ) →_________(v. )鼓勵(lì) 6. peace(n. ) →________(adj. )和平的,amusement,inventor,invention,believable,unbelievable,unusual,encourage,peaceful,7. perform(v. ) →____________(n. )表演 8. it(pron. ) →_____(pron. )它自己 9. India(n. ) →______(n. 印度的 10. most(adj. ) →______(adv. )主要地 11. make(v. ) →______(n. )生產(chǎn)者,performance,itself,Indian,mostly,maker,Ⅱ. 短語?雙語互譯 1. 茶藝 tea ___ 2. 數(shù)以千計(jì)的 thousands __ 3. 察看 check ___ 4. 清理 clear ___ 5. 放棄 part ____ 6. tea set _____ 7. a couple of _____ 8. on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . . _______________________,art,of,out,out,with,茶具,一對,一方面……另一方面……,9. all year round _____ 10. no longer _____ 11. as for _____ 12. to be honest _________ 13. according to _____ 14. close to __________,全年,不再,至于,說實(shí)在的,依據(jù),幾乎; 接近,Ⅲ. 句型?超級(jí)填寫 1. ——你曾去過太空博物館嗎? —_____ you ever _______ the space museum? ——不, 我沒有去過。 —No, I _______. 2. 我也沒有。 Me _______.,Have,been to,haven’t,neither,3. 天黑的時(shí)候去動(dòng)物園似乎很奇怪。 It might seem strange _________________________. 4. 我買這輛自行車已經(jīng)三年了。 I’ve ____ this bike ___ three years. 5. 隨著他們長大, 我們的房子似乎變小了。 ________________ our house seems to get smaller.,to go to a zoo when it’s dark,had,for,As they get bigger,【核心詞匯】 1. invent v. 發(fā)明 【填一填 思維激活】用invent/discover/find out填空。 ①They have information about different computers and who__________ them. ②Columbus__________ America in 1492. ③Please__________ when the train will leave. 答案: ①invented ②discovered ③find out,【辨一辨 考點(diǎn)突破】invent/discover/find/find out辨析,【圖解助記】不同的“發(fā)明; 發(fā)現(xiàn)”,2. encourage v. 鼓勵(lì) 【填一填 思維激活】 ①It also __________(encourage) governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future. ②My parents often encourage me __________(take) part in meaningful activities. 答案: ①encourages ②to take,【記一記 知識(shí)構(gòu)建】 (1)encourage sb. /sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人/某物 (2)encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事,【練一練 走近中考】 (2014達(dá)州中考)—My teachers often encourage me ______more friends but I find it difficult. —Your teachers’ idea is right. The more friends you make, ______you will be. A. to make; the more happy B. to make; happier C. making; the happier D. to make; the happier,3. among prep. 在(其)中; ……之一 【填一填 思維激活】 ①We go to school from Monday to Friday. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) We go to school__________ Monday __________Friday. ②張偉就是這些人中的一個(gè), 一個(gè)46歲的丈夫和父親。 __________these is Zhang Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. 答案: ①between; and ②Among,【辨一辨 考點(diǎn)突破】among與between,【圖解助記】,【溫馨提示】 當(dāng)事物為三者或三者以上, 但是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者之間時(shí), 仍用between。 There is a railway between the three cities. 這三個(gè)城市之間有一條鐵路。,【練一練 走近中考】 (2013東營中考)—Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival(桃花節(jié))? —Yes. The flowers were beautiful. Bees were flying _____them. A. in B. among C. between D. through,4. consider v. 注視; 仔細(xì)考慮 【填一填 思維激活】 ①Today, to hold the Olympic Games __________(consider) as a rich prize for a country. ②你是否考慮過如何到那里? Have you__________ __________to get there? 答案: ①is considered ②considered how,【記一記 知識(shí)構(gòu)建】 (1)consider作“考慮, 細(xì)想”講時(shí), 后跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、從句或“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 consider+that從句 認(rèn)為…… consider doing sth. 考慮做某事 (2)consider作“認(rèn)為, 把……看作”講時(shí), 后跟賓語從句或復(fù)合賓語。常用詞組consider. . . as/be considered as(被動(dòng))意為“認(rèn)為……是/被認(rèn)為是……”。,【練一練 走近中考】 (2013黃岡中考)—I don’t know where to go this summer vacation. —Why not______ visiting Huanggang? There are many places of interest there. A. suggest B. wonder C. consider D. regard,【重點(diǎn)句型】 1. —Have you ever been to the space museum? ——你曾去過太空博物館嗎? —No, I haven’t. ——不, 我沒有去過。,【思一思 句型剖析】 have gone to/have been to/have been in的辨析,【圖解助記】have/has been to與have/has gone to的區(qū)別,【溫馨提示】 當(dāng)have/has been to和have/has gone to后跟某些地點(diǎn)副詞, 如here, there和home等時(shí), 介詞to要省略。,【練一練 走近中考】 (2014揚(yáng)州中考)—Where is Mr. Wang? —He together with his students ______Zhuyuwan Park. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to,【教師備選】 (2013廣安中考)—How long have you ______here? —For two days. I ______here the day before yesterday. A. been; came B. come; came C. came; came 【解析】選A。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。上句How long(多長時(shí)間)詢問時(shí)間段, 故句中應(yīng)用延續(xù)性謂語動(dòng)詞, come為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 故排除B、C兩項(xiàng); 由答語中the day before yesterday可知答語后一句為一般過去時(shí), come的過去式為came, 故選A。,2. Me neither. 我也沒有。 【思一思 句型剖析】 Me neither. 意為“我也沒有?！笔堑寡b句“Neither/Nor+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+與前句不同的主語”的縮略式。用于后一句所述情況與前一句陳述的否定情況相同, 即“甲不怎樣, 乙也不怎樣”。 She doesn’t like playing basketball, neither do I. =She doesn’t like playing basketball, me neither. 她不喜歡打籃球, 我也不喜歡。,【溫馨提示】 倒裝句中的be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及時(shí)態(tài)必須與前面陳述句中的be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞保持一致; 動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和主語保持一致。,【練一練 走近中考】 (2013天水中考)?She has never been to any foreign countries. —______. A. So do I B. So have I C. Neither do I D. Neither have I,【要點(diǎn)備選】 1. somewhere adv. 在某處 【填一填 思維激活】 ①讓我們今天去不同的地方吧。 Let’s go__________ __________today. ②He can find it somewhere. (改為否定句) He__________ find it__________. 答案: ①somewhere different ②can’t; anywhere,【辨一辨 考點(diǎn)突破】 somewhere/anywhere/everywhere/nowhere的用法辨析,【溫馨提示】 復(fù)合不定代/副詞被形容詞修飾時(shí), 形容詞要后置。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告訴你。 I want to move somewhere warm. 我想搬到某個(gè)溫暖的地方。,【練一練 走近中考】 (2014昆明中考)—Where would you like to go this Mid-Autumn Festival? —I’d like to go______. A. everywhere relaxing B. somewhere relaxing C. peaceful anywhere D. peaceful somewhere,【變式備選】 (2013無錫中考)We arrived at the station too early and had ______ to go, so we sat there and chatted with each other. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere 【解析】選D?？疾楦痹~的辨析。句意: 我們到達(dá)車站太早了, 沒地方去, 因此我們就坐在那兒互相聊天。somewhere“某處”; anywhere“任何地方”; everywhere“到處”; nowhere“沒有地方”。,2. thousands of數(shù)以千計(jì)的 【填一填 思維激活】 ①對數(shù)以千計(jì)的中國游客來說, 這個(gè)東南亞小島就是一個(gè)度假的優(yōu)美而又安全的地方。 For__________ __________tourists from China, this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful and safe place to take a holiday. ②九百多萬的學(xué)生參加了今年的高考。 More than__________ __________ __________have taken the National College Entrance Examination this year. 答案: ①thousands of ②nine million students,【記一記 知識(shí)構(gòu)建】,3. whether conj. 是否; 不管; 無論 【填一填 思維激活】 ①先生, 我想知道您是否喜歡花。 I wonder __________you like flowers or not, sir. ②I can’t decide __________(if/whether) to stay. 答案: ①whether ②whether,【記一記 知識(shí)構(gòu)建】whether的兩種用法 (1)whether意為“是否”時(shí), 常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 (2)whether意為“不管、無論”時(shí), 用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句, 此時(shí)從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。,【辨一辨 考點(diǎn)突破】whether與if的辨析,【練一練 走近中考】 (2013鄂州中考)—Could you tell me ______in your hometown in winter? —Sure. A. whether does it often snow B. whether it often snows C. if it often snow D. if does it snow,【變式備選】 (2013漳州中考)They wonder ______robots will make humans lose their jobs or not. A. that B. if C. whether 【解析】選C?？疾橐龑?dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。句意: 他們想知道機(jī)器人是否會(huì)讓人類丟掉他們的工作。此處意為“是否”, 且含有“or not”, 故用whether, 而不用if。,4. whenever conj. 無論何時(shí) 【填一填 思維激活】 用whenever/however/whatever填空。 ①So you can choose to go __________you like—spring, summer, autumn or winter. ②__________you do, you must do it well. ③__________difficult the problem is, he’ll work it out. 答案: ①whenever ②Whatever ③However,【記一記 知識(shí)構(gòu)建】 wherever的用法 (1)wherever“無論哪里”可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句, 相當(dāng)于no matter where。 (2)可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的單詞: however=no matter how(無論怎樣) whenever=no matter when(無論何時(shí)) whatever=no matter what(無論什么) whoever=no matter who(無論誰) whichever=no matter which(無論哪一個(gè)),【練一練 走近中考】 (2014成都中考)______I am in trouble, my classmates will help me out. A. Before B. Whenever C. Although,5. no longer不再 【填一填 思維激活】 ①我們決定每個(gè)人都賣掉我們不再使用的五件東西。 We have decided to each sell five things that we___________ _________use. ②The Smiths moved to Shanghai. They don’t live here any longer. (改為同義句) The Smiths moved to Shanghai. They___________ _________ live here. ③Garfield is full. He can no more eat. (改為同義句) Garfield is full. He__________ eat__________ __________. 答案: ①no longer ②no longer ③can’t; any more,【辨一辨 考點(diǎn)突破】,【練一練 走近中考】 (2012無錫中考)別再犯如此愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤了, 否則你只能另謀高就了。 Don’t________________, or you will have to find another job. 答案: make such silly mistakes any more,6. as for至于; 關(guān)于 【填一填 思維激活】 ①至于我, 我不想放棄我的足球衫……。 ___________ _________me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, . . . ②至于你嘛, 我從不想再次在我家這兒見你。 ___________ _________you, I never want to see you here in my home again. 答案: ①As for ②As for,【記一記 知識(shí)構(gòu)建】 (1)在有前文的情況下, as for總是出現(xiàn)在下文的句首, 引出另外一方或者新的談話內(nèi)容, 但與前文內(nèi)容也有一定的聯(lián)系, 起到補(bǔ)充前文又突出后文的作用, 使之與前文形成對照, 譯作“至于”。 (2)as for還可表示講話人對某人或某物持有“輕蔑”或“冷淡”的態(tài)度, 甚至有憎惡之感, 講話時(shí)要重讀引出的詞語并在其后稍作停頓, 以示強(qiáng)調(diào), 口氣上帶有嘲諷意味, 譯作漢語的“至于……嘛”。,7. search for尋找; 搜尋 【填一填 思維激活】 ①如今, 數(shù)以百萬的中國人離開鄉(xiāng)村到城市找工作。 Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to__________ __________work in the cities. ②他在找昨天買的那本詞典。 He is__________ __________his dictionary bought yesterday. 答案: ①search for ②looking for,【記一記 知識(shí)構(gòu)建】 search, search for, search. . . for. . . 用法辨析,【溫馨提示】 look for強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的動(dòng)作和過程。尋找一般的事物。,8. As they get bigger our house seems to get smaller. 隨著他們長大, 我們的房子似乎在變小。 【思一思 句型剖析】as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語特點(diǎn),9. I’ve had this bike for three years. 我買這輛自行車三年了。 【思一思 句型剖析】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示“延續(xù)”的用法 當(dāng)句中有“for +段時(shí)間”或“since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間”等時(shí), 句子謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞; 若是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 要改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)的詞(短語)。 His brother has been a soldier for two years. =His brother has been a soldier since two years ago. 他哥哥參軍兩年了。,【練一練 走近中考】 ①(2014揚(yáng)州中考)—When will A bite of ChinaⅡ begin tonight? —It ______for ten minutes. A. will begin B. has begun C. will be on D. has been on,②(2013瀘州中考)He ______Luzhou for three months. A. has left B. has come to C. has gone to D. has been away from 【解析】選D?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。此處考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示“延續(xù)”的用法。謂語為肯定時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或系表短語。,專題十四 英語思維 妙筆生花 【真題回訪】 (2014濟(jì)寧中考) 假設(shè)你是李華, 已報(bào)名參加暑期英語夏令營。根據(jù)夏令營的活動(dòng)安排, 你需要準(zhǔn)備一份關(guān)于英語閱讀的發(fā)言稿。具體要求如下: 1. 對英語閱讀重要性的認(rèn)識(shí); 2. 個(gè)人開展英語閱讀的情況(1~2點(diǎn)具體做法)及感悟; 3. 將來的打算。,參考詞語: play an important part, in the past, borrow books, at the beginning, something easy and interesting, become interested in, in the future, form a good habit of, read every day, be helpful for,書寫要求: 1. 詞數(shù): 100詞左右。(開頭已給出, 不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)); 2. 可根據(jù)具體要求及參考詞語適當(dāng)發(fā)揮; 3. 文中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名。,Good afternoon, everybody, I’m very pleased to be here to talk about my English reading. As we all know, . . . . . . Thanks for listening! ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________,【應(yīng)試必備】 一、遣詞 1. 要準(zhǔn)確: 要結(jié)合語境和感情色彩選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~來表達(dá), 使文章的表達(dá)地道、達(dá)意。 (1)避免中文干擾。用詞要符合英語習(xí)慣, 避免漢語思維的影響, 否則會(huì)顯得生硬和詞不達(dá)意, 如“價(jià)格高”不能說“The price is expensive. ”, 而需把expensive換成high。 (2)正確區(qū)分同義詞。例如big, large, great, huge都指“大”。big指普通的個(gè)頭大, 體積大; large形容面積大; great常用來形容一些抽象的名詞, 如“很大的影響”和“很大的勇氣”中的“大”; huge只能用來形容物體非常巨大。,2. 要生動(dòng): 寫作時(shí)選取感情豐富、色彩鮮明的詞匯, 能大大增強(qiáng)文章的生動(dòng)性。 當(dāng)描述一個(gè)具體的事物或人時(shí), 類似a nice man的表達(dá)讓人感覺很籠統(tǒng)空泛, 可以用有個(gè)性的、具體的詞描繪一個(gè)人, 如smart(聰明的), kind-hearted(好心的)等。,二、造句 1. 避免漢語式表達(dá) 他嗓門大。 漢語式表達(dá): His voice is loud. 地道表達(dá): He has a loud voice.,2. 慎用復(fù)雜句 我抬頭看見一群穿藍(lán)色衣服的孩子正在觀看我們進(jìn)餐。 漢語式表達(dá): I looked up and saw that a group of children in blue were seeing us eating dinner. 地道表達(dá): Looking up, I saw a group of children in blue who were looking at us as we had dinner.,3. 巧用感嘆句等 在結(jié)尾時(shí)巧用一個(gè)感嘆句或其他句式, 可使文章化平淡為生動(dòng), 加強(qiáng)語氣, 使評(píng)卷老師感受作者的強(qiáng)烈情感。 We have a good time today. →What a good time we have today! (感嘆句),【思路導(dǎo)引】 第一步: 英語閱讀重要性。 首先提出觀點(diǎn), 英語閱讀很重要, 并指出閱讀很有必要。 第二步: 英語閱讀情況及感悟。 寫出英語閱讀的2種具體情況, 可以是過去的事情, 可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。發(fā)表感悟要簡明。 第三步: 將來的打算。 養(yǎng)成讀書的好習(xí)慣, 及具體的一些做法。,【滿分作文】 Good afternoon, everybody, I’m very pleased to be here to talk about my English reading. As we all know, reading plays an important part in learning a language①. It’s very necessary to read a lot②. In the past, I often borrowed books from the library. At the beginning, I read something easy and interesting. Later, I began to read longer and more difficult stories, like Danny’s Dreams. By reading, I have improved③my English and become more interested in learning English. I plan to read some English novels and simple English poems during this summer vacation.,In the future, I will read more English books. And I will form a good habit of reading and try to read every day. I’m sure reading will be quite helpful for my further English learning. ④ Thanks for listening!,【專家評(píng)析】 ①詞組plays an important part in后接動(dòng)名詞learning, 用詞恰當(dāng)、地道, 為文章增色不少。 ②“it+形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的句型, 展示了作者較為嫻熟的英語語言運(yùn)用技巧和扎實(shí)的英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。 ③現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)have improved準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出了讀書所達(dá)到的結(jié)果。 ④結(jié)尾進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)讀書對英語學(xué)習(xí)的益處, 回扣主題。,如何寫觀光旅游類的話題作文 有關(guān)觀光旅游類的話題作文是歷年中考考查頻率較高的話題作文之一, 往往讓考生以即將來參觀某地為背景, 介紹來某地的方式, 觀光旅游的景點(diǎn)、停留的時(shí)間等。 高分句型: 1. I’m so excited that you. . . 我很興奮你…… 2. You can take. . . to. . . 你可以乘……去…… 3. They are famous(for). . . 它們因……著名 4. I think you can. . . . 我認(rèn)為你(們)能……,【典題示例】 (資陽中考) 假如你叫李華, 是資陽某中學(xué)初三學(xué)生。你計(jì)劃于畢業(yè)考試后去英格蘭旅行。請根據(jù)下列提示給你的英格蘭筆友寫一封信, 告訴他你的安排并就相關(guān)問題向他詢問。 1. 考試結(jié)束后和父母一起去英格蘭旅行; 2. 計(jì)劃在英格蘭停留十天; 3. 向他詢問英格蘭的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣; 4. 請他建議去英格蘭哪些地方旅行。 注意: 1. 信的開頭和結(jié)尾已替你寫好, 不計(jì)入總詞數(shù); 2. 詞數(shù)60個(gè)左右。,Dear Ben, How is everything?________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ I am looking forward to your reply. Yours truly, Li Hua,【思路點(diǎn)撥】 審題——抓準(zhǔn)信息, 快速判斷 1. 體裁: 應(yīng)用文 2. 人稱: 第一人稱 3. 時(shí)態(tài): 一般將來時(shí) 4. 謀篇:,成篇——銜接過渡, 連句成篇 根據(jù)提示可知寫作時(shí)應(yīng)該寫旅游的計(jì)劃, 要做的事情及詢問相關(guān)問題等。 【小試牛刀】 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________,【佳作鑒賞】 Dear Ben, How is everything? I am going to travel to England with my parents after finishing the final exam. We’d like to be away for about ten days. But I don’t know about England. I hope you can provide me with some information about the customs of England. I would like to travel to exciting places in England. Please introduce some interesting places to me. I am looking forward to your reply. Yours truly, Li Hua,親愛的本, 一切都好嗎? 期末考試后我將和我的父母去英格蘭旅行。我們要離開約十天。但是我不了解英格蘭。我希望你能給我提供一些關(guān)于英格蘭風(fēng)俗的信息。我想去游覽英格蘭一些令人興奮的地方。請給我介紹一些有趣的地方。 我期待你的回信。 你真誠的, 李華,