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一,二,三,四,代詞是用來代替名詞或名詞短語的詞。代詞在語篇中的作用非常重要,它是基于語篇層次上的一個(gè)語法范疇。語篇的連貫依靠銜接關(guān)系來建立,而代詞在語篇中的上下文照應(yīng)關(guān)系是語篇銜接的最重要手段之一。,二,三,四,一,一、誤用與漏用 代詞要和所指代的名詞在性、數(shù)、人稱上保持一致。有些動(dòng)詞有特殊用法,其后需要接物主代詞或反身代詞,此時(shí)不能漏用。 1.物主代詞 英語中的物主代詞根據(jù)句法功能分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。前者只能在句中作定語,后者可以在句中作主語、賓語或表語等。 The room isn’t ours.It’s theirs. My car is under repair.May I use yours? 注意:名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞 Look at the two pencils.The red one is yours and the blue one is mine. =Look at the two pencils.The red one is your pencil and the blue one is my pencil.,二,三,四,一,2.物主代詞的漏用 有些在英語中必須要用的物主代詞在漢語中往往無須表達(dá),注意此時(shí)不要漏掉英語中的物主代詞。如: 她做晚飯時(shí)弄傷了手指。 誤:She cut finger while cooking supper.正:She cut her finger while cooking supper. (3)有無物主代詞意思的區(qū)別 有些表達(dá)用不用物主代詞都可以,但是意思不一樣,此時(shí)注意不要受相似結(jié)構(gòu)和短語的影響而用錯(cuò)物主代詞。如: 不管你做什么你都不要灰心。 誤:Don’t lose your heart whatever you do.正:Don’t lose heart whatever you do. lose heart 與 lose one’s heart僅差一個(gè)物主代詞,意思截然不同:前者意為“灰心、泄氣”;后者意為“愛上、鐘情于”。,二,三,四,一,二、反身代詞 1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語 常跟在enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,seat,dress,express,behave等動(dòng)詞后作賓語。如: He is teaching himself English.他在自學(xué)英語。 He seated himself by the window. 他在窗子旁坐下。 Help yourself to some fruit.吃點(diǎn)水果吧。 與反身代詞連用的常見動(dòng)詞搭配如下: absent oneself from 缺席 accustom oneself to 熱心于 adapt oneself to 適應(yīng)于 addict oneself in 沉溺于,二,三,四,一,amuse oneself with/by 以……自娛 apply oneself to 致力于 bend oneself to 熱衷于 break oneself of 去掉……習(xí)慣 charge oneself with 承擔(dān) concern oneself with 關(guān)心;忙于 confine oneself to 局限于 devote oneself to 致力于 dress oneself in 穿著 engage oneself in 從事于 engage oneself to 同……訂婚 enjoy oneself 過得愉快 free oneself of 擺脫,二,三,四,一,give oneself to 熱衷于 help oneself to 隨意吃 lose oneself in 入迷 occupy oneself with 從事 prepare oneself for 準(zhǔn)備 rid oneself of 除去 expose oneself to 暴露于;遭受 throw oneself to 投身于,二,三,四,一,2.作介詞的賓語 常在by,for,to,of等介詞后作賓語。 by oneself單獨(dú)地;獨(dú)自地;靠自己 to oneself獨(dú)自享用,不與他人共享 for oneself為自己,代表自己;獨(dú)自地 of itself自動(dòng)地 in itself本身;本質(zhì)上 between ourselves咱們私下說說(不足為外人道) come to oneself蘇醒;恢復(fù)情緒 say to oneself 心里想 talk to oneself自言自語,二,三,四,一,3.作主語或賓語的同位語,主要起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用,譯作“親自,本身,本人”。如: The work itself is easy.這工作本身很容易。(itself作主語the work的同位語) Did you see Mr.Wang himself?你見過王先生本人嗎?(himself作賓語Mr.Wang的同位語) 4.作表語:在be,feel,look,seem等系動(dòng)詞后作表語,表示身體或精神狀態(tài)處于正常。如: I’m not myself today.今天我感覺不舒服。 I am feeling myself again. 我覺得健康如昔。,二,三,四,一,5.用于一些簡短的會(huì)話用語或固定說法中。如: Help yourself!請(qǐng)隨便吃吧!請(qǐng)自己去取吧! Make yourself at home!別客氣! Don’t upset yourself!別自尋煩惱! Make yourself heard/understood. 使你的話被人聽得見/理解。,二,三,四,一,二,三,四,一,I can’t find my pen.Have you seen it? 我找不到我的鋼筆了,你看到過它嗎? I can’t find my pen.I think I must buy one. 我找不到我的鋼筆了,我想我得去買一支。 I want very much to see these films,especially the one you mentioned. 我很想看這些電影,特別是你提到的那一部。 You’re the one who knows where to go. 只有你知道該到哪里去。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. 北京的天氣比廣州的冷。 Do you know the ones who moved here recently? 你認(rèn)識(shí)最近搬到這兒來的那些人嗎?,二,三,四,一,It’s up to us to help those in need. 我們有責(zé)任幫助那些有困難的人。 It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 據(jù)說吃得最多的人身體最差。,二,三,四,一,四、it的用法 it可用作人稱代詞、指示代詞、先行詞及引導(dǎo)詞等。 1.代指前文已提到過的一個(gè)事物。如: That vase is valuable.It’s more than 200 years old. 那個(gè)花瓶很珍貴,它有200多年的歷史。 2.當(dāng)說話者不清楚或無必要知道說話對(duì)象的性別時(shí),也可用it來表示。 如: It’s a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl? 寶寶真可愛,是男孩還是女孩? 3.it作沒有具體意義的主語,出現(xiàn)于表示天氣、氣候、溫度、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、距離等意義的句子中。如: It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. 這里離最近的醫(yī)院也有六英里。,二,三,四,一,4.it也常用來表示一般的籠統(tǒng)的情況。如: How is it going with you?你近況如何? When it comes to saving energy,big changes start with small steps,like turning off the lights. 當(dāng)提到節(jié)能的時(shí)候,大變化從細(xì)微的行動(dòng)開始,比如隨手關(guān)燈。 5.it充當(dāng)形式主語或形式賓語。 it充當(dāng)形式主語或形式賓語,本身無意義,只起一種先行引導(dǎo)的作用。后面的真正主語或真正賓語通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)、v.-ing或名詞性從句。 如: It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to make a living. 懶漢謀生是日益困難了。 (it作形式主語) We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution. 我們必須使公眾明白應(yīng)該采取措施制止污染。 (it作形式賓語),二,三,四,一,it充當(dāng)形式賓語的句型結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+consider,regard,suppose,think,believe,make,feel,find,know+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語(名詞或形容詞)+to do sth. it充當(dāng)形式主語的常用句型 It takes sb.some time/money/trouble to do sth. It costs sb.some money/time/energy/labour to do sth. It is adj.for sb.to do sth.(形容詞用來指明某事) It is adj.of sb.to do sth.(形容詞用來指明人的情況) It is no good/no use/useless/worthwhile/fun/a waste of time+v.-ing It+be+過去分詞+that. It+seems/appears/happens 等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語+that.,二,三,四,一,6.it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。其基本句型為:It+is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他.。 It is I who have done it. 是我做的這件事。 It was at that time that I thought of giving him a call. 直到那時(shí)我才想起要給他一個(gè)電話。 7.it還可在介詞后作賓語,再通過that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。常見的動(dòng)詞短語有see to,rely on,depend on等。如: You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了,他們會(huì)支持你的。 They will answer for it that the computer is reliable. 他們?cè)敢獗ＷC這臺(tái)電腦是可靠的。,二,三,四,一,8.it用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動(dòng)詞(詞組),尤其是表示“好惡”等的心理方面的動(dòng)詞后。如:enjoy,like,love,appreciate,dislike,hate等。即這些動(dòng)詞(詞組)后的賓語從句前要加it。如: I like it when the sky is clear and bright in autumn. 我喜歡秋高氣爽的時(shí)候。,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真題變式訓(xùn)練) 1.You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand. 2.—Who’s that at the door? — is the milkman. 3.In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in ,knives and forks. 4.—When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon? — .I’ll be in all day. 5.Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 6.I’d appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 7.She’d lived in London and Manchester,but she liked and moved to Cambridge.,Everyone/Everybody,It,others,Either,it,it,neither,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,8.An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making the driest year since California became a state in 1850. 9.A smile costs ,but gives much. 10.To her joy,Della earned first the trust of her students and then of her colleagues.,it,nothing,that,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1.I dream constantly that I,along with mine classmates,will study happily with the help of the respectable professors. 2.I sincerely hope you can give us a chance.I’m looking forward to your early reply. 3.The cost of renting a house in central Beijing is higher than it in any other area of the city. 4.Every year,millions of people visit the Palace Museum,and many of those are foreigners.,答案:mine→my,答案:us→me,答案:it→that,答案:those→them,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,5.People say money is the root of all evils,but I believe money himself is not bad. 6.We enjoyed very much at the party last night. 7.Various animals have shells that keep themselves from being hurt. 8.There is a pity that she is going to leave,which makes us all very sad. 9.Yes,what is difficult to find a job nowadays,but what is more difficult is to try to find such a good one. 10.You may depend on that he will turn up in time.,答案:himself→itself,答案:enjoyed后加ourselves,答案:themselves→them,答案:There→It,答案:第一個(gè)what→it,答案:on后加it,