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2019-2020年高一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) nit4 Unforgettable experiences(備課資料)教案 大綱人教版第一冊(cè) 一、異域風(fēng)情 Ⅰ.Hawaii—Jewel of the Pacific The beautiful pacific islands of Hawaii have a very interesting history. Hawaii’s eight main islands were created(產(chǎn)生)about two million years ago by underwater volcanoes(火山).Damage from volcanoes has made plant and animal life in Hawaii change and adapt(適應(yīng))often, creating many climates. It has deserts, rain forests, and snow-covered mountains. Hawaii was first populated by Polynesian people around 400 AD. They had their own kings and queens for many years until the U.S. government took it over in 1900.It made Hawaii an American state in 1959.The islands contain a mix of people including native Hawaiians, Japanese. Chinese, Filipinos, and European, giving it a rich and unique culture. There is no shortage of things for visitors to do in the island paradise(樂(lè)土)of Hawaii. One attraction not to be missed is the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park which has two active volcanoes, hardened rivers of lava(熔石流)and beaches. The island of Kauai, considered the wettest place on the earth, offers amazing scenery including a canyon(峽谷)called the “Grade Canyon of the Pacific”. Hawaii is also known around the world for its water sports. All of the islands offer great surfing, diving, and windsurfing. If you want a more relaxed vacation, you can always lie on the beach, play golf, or take in the scenery from a helicopter or glass-bottomed boat. Whether you are looking for a romantic escape or a vacation full of adventure. Hawaii is sure to fit the bill. Ⅱ.Travel for Sunshine People travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists(旅游者) go to see battlefields(戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)) or other historic remains(古跡).Others are looking for culture(文化),or simply want to have their pictures taken in front of famous places. Most European(歐洲的) tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on. Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money for sunshine because they have so little of it. People of cities like London, Copenhagan (哥本哈根，丹麥?zhǔn)锥? and Amsterdam spend much of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, and much of the rest of the year in the rain. This is the reason why the Mediterranean(地中海地區(qū)) has always attracted(吸引) them. Every summer many people travel to Mediterranean resorts(度假勝地) and beaches for their vacation. They all e for the same reason: sun! The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)) of Mediterranean countries. Italy’s 30 000 hotels are booked(預(yù)訂) without a break every summer. And 13 million people camp out on French beaches, parks, and roadsides. Spain’s long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else.37 million tourists visit there yearly, or one tourist for each person living in Spain. But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism than it can deal with. The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on the earth. Obviously, many tourists don’t go there for clean water. They allow traffic jams(交通堵塞) and seem to like crowded beaches. They don’t even mind the pollution. No matter how dirty the water is, the coastline still looks beautiful. And as long as the sun shines, it’s still better than sitting in the cold rain in Berlin, London, or Oslo(奧斯陸，挪威首都). II、知識(shí)歸納 (1)shake 用法歸納 (1)抖動(dòng)，震動(dòng)，常作不及物動(dòng)詞，也作及物動(dòng)詞。 e.g. The house shook when the earthquake started. 當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)，房子震動(dòng)了。 She was shaking with anger. 她氣得發(fā)抖。 His heavy steps shook the room. 他沉重的腳步使房間都震動(dòng)了。 (2)搖動(dòng)，作及物動(dòng)詞 e.g. Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服藥前搖勻。 (3)顫動(dòng)，作不及物動(dòng)詞 e.g. His hands shook a little as he wrote. 他寫的時(shí)候手有點(diǎn)發(fā)顫。 His voice shook with emotion. 他很激動(dòng)，聲音都有些顫抖了。 (4)常用短語(yǔ)： shake hands with sb., shake sb’s hand/shake sb. by the hand和某人握手 shake sb’s head搖頭 e.g. He shook hands warmly with me. =He shook my hand warmly. =He shook me warmly by the hand. 他熱情地和我握手。 She shook her head at the idea. 聽了這想法，她搖了搖頭。 2.strike一詞的三種用法 (1)可用來(lái)作“(自然災(zāi)害、疾病等)襲擊”解，相當(dāng)于have a bad effect on,此時(shí)常用作及物動(dòng)詞。hit也可用來(lái)表此意。 e.g. That area was struck(=hit)by a lightning. 那個(gè)地區(qū)遭受了大風(fēng)暴的襲擊。 He was struck (=hit)by a lightning. 他被雷電擊中了。 Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will strike (=hit)the area around San Francisco. 科學(xué)家們擔(dān)心有一天舊金山周圍地區(qū)會(huì)發(fā)生更大的地震。 He was hard hit by financial losses. 他遭受了嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。 An infections disease has struck the southeast area of that country and thousands of people are in hospital because of that. 那個(gè)國(guó)家的東南部流行著一種傳染病，數(shù)千人因此住院。 (2)可作“打，擊，敲，撞，咬”等多種意義解。 e.g. The father was so angry that he struck(=hit)the boy in the face. 父親怒不可遏，打了孩子一個(gè)耳光。 The clock has just struck twelve. 時(shí)鐘剛敲響十二點(diǎn)。 Strike while iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。 His foot struck against a stone. 他的腳碰在一塊石頭上。 She was struck by a snake while walking in the grass. 她在草叢中行走時(shí)被蛇咬了一口。 (3)strike還可用來(lái)表示“給(某人)很深印象”“打動(dòng)”(=impress)。 e.g. The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake. 西湖的美景給游客們留下了難忘的印象。 I was struck by what he said. 他的話深深地打動(dòng)了我。 The first thing that strikes foreign visitors is the great number of bicycles in the streets. 首先給外國(guó)游客深刻印象的是街上自行車非常多。 3.struggle短語(yǔ)歸納 struggle可用作名詞或動(dòng)詞，表示“斗爭(zhēng)，奮斗，掙扎”。常見的短語(yǔ)有： take up the struggle 開始斗爭(zhēng) after a struggle 經(jīng)過(guò)戰(zhàn)斗 through struggle 通過(guò)斗爭(zhēng) struggle with sb. 同某人搏斗 struggle against difficulties/death/illness/nature/strong winds 與困難/死亡/疾病/自然界做斗爭(zhēng)/與大風(fēng)搏斗 struggle for a living/freedom 為生活而掙扎/為自由而斗爭(zhēng) struggle to one’s feet 掙扎著站起來(lái) e.g. We had to struggle against strong winds all the way. 我們一路上不得不與大風(fēng)搏斗。 The old woman struggled to her feet and struggled along the road to her home. 老太太掙扎著站起來(lái)，向家里走去。 4.seem用法歸納 seem作不及物動(dòng)詞“似乎，好像”，用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)： (1) sb. seems to do sth. e.g. He seems to lack something. 他好像缺點(diǎn)什么。 “She seems to be sleeping,”said the father. 爸爸說(shuō)：“她好像正在睡覺?！?說(shuō)話時(shí)正在睡) I seem to have caught a cold. 我好像已經(jīng)感冒了。(說(shuō)話時(shí)已經(jīng)感冒了。) seem之后也可跟to be。 e.g. You seem to be in a hurry. 你好像很匆忙的樣子。 It seemed to be getting windy; the leaves were being blown about. 好像起風(fēng)了，樹葉刮得遍地都是。 (2)seem 后也可直接跟形容詞、分詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，作連系動(dòng)詞用，意思是“看來(lái)，似乎是(什么樣子)”。 e.g. He seems(to be)quite happy. 他看起來(lái)很愉快。 She always seems well pleased. 她看起來(lái)總是很高興的樣子。 Jane seems a clever girl. 珍看起來(lái)是個(gè)聰明的女孩。 You seem in high spirits, Mary. 瑪麗，你好像興高采烈的樣子。 (3)It seems that…/It seems as if… e.g. It seemed that he was late for the train. (=He seems to be late for the train.) 他好像沒趕上火車。 It seemed that they didn’t know each other. (=They seemed not to know each other.) (=They didn’t seem to know each other.) 他們似乎彼此不認(rèn)識(shí)。 They talked/are talking as if they had been friends for years. 他們說(shuō)話親熱，就像多年的老朋友似的。 (4)There seems/seemed(to be)好像有，似乎有 e.g. There seems no need to go now. 現(xiàn)在好像不需要走。 III、詞語(yǔ)辨析 1. noise,voice,sound (1)noise 指各種“噪音”或“吵鬧、嘈雜聲”。 e.g. The noise of traffic kept him awake. 車馬喧鬧使他睡也睡不著。 Don’t make so much noise. 別那么吵鬧。 (2)voice 指人的說(shuō)話聲、歌聲或笑聲。也可用以指鳥鳴或狗叫聲及擬人的方法。 e.g. The boy shouted at the top of his voice. 那男孩高聲叫喊。 Keep your voice down. 把聲音放低些。 She listened to the low, sad voice of the sea. 她傾聽大海發(fā)出的低沉的悲壯的聲音。 (3)sound 指任何用耳朵能聽到的聲音。 e.g. I heard a strange sound outside. 我聽到外面有一種奇怪的聲音。 Sound travels more slowly than light. 聲波比光波傳播得慢。 There was a sound of footsteps outside the hall. 大廳外面有腳步聲。 2. hear, hear of, hear about, hear from (1)hear “聽見/聽到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的結(jié)果，如強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，則要用listen(to)。 e.g. I heard a knock at the door. 我聽到敲門聲。 I listened but heard nothing. 我注意聽，但什么也沒聽到。 (2)hear of“聽說(shuō)/聽到”強(qiáng)調(diào)從別人那里間接聽到，后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞，如接從句，則不要of。 e.g. I don’t know the writer, but I have heard of him. 我不認(rèn)識(shí)這位作家，但我聽說(shuō)過(guò)他。 I heard of his ing. 我聽說(shuō)他來(lái)了。 I heard he had gone to Beijing. 我聽說(shuō)他去北京了。 (3)hear about “(詳細(xì)地)聽……”后常接事件之類的名詞。有時(shí)可與hear of互換。 e.g. Did you hear about the aviation accident? 你聽到關(guān)于飛機(jī)失事的消息了嗎？ Half an hour later I heard about/of what had happened. 半小時(shí)后我聽說(shuō)了有關(guān)所發(fā)生的事的情況。 (4)hear from “接/收到……的來(lái)信(來(lái)電)”，hear sth. from sb.是“從某人那聽說(shuō)……” e.g. I haven’t heard from him since he left. 他走后我一直沒收到他的信。 I heard it from her lips. 這是她親口對(duì)我說(shuō)的。 3. arrive, get, reach (1)arrive 是不及物動(dòng)詞，要表示到達(dá)某個(gè)地點(diǎn)時(shí)，后面需加介詞in或at。 e.g. She arrived at the railway station at six in the morning. 她早晨六點(diǎn)到了火車站。 They will arrive in New York at noon. 他們將于中午到達(dá)紐約。 (2)get 是不及物動(dòng)詞，多用于口語(yǔ)，要和to連用構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，然后再跟名詞；當(dāng)“到達(dá)”的地點(diǎn)是副詞時(shí)，則不用to。若表示“到達(dá)”這一意義時(shí)沒有指明到達(dá)的地點(diǎn)，則不能用get,可用arrive。 e.g. When did you get to Beijing? 你什么時(shí)候抵達(dá)北京的？ When did you get home? 你什么時(shí)候回到家的？ When we arrived, they had gone. 我們到達(dá)時(shí)，他們已走了。 (3)reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后面可直接跟賓語(yǔ)，其后一般不接地點(diǎn)副詞。 e.g. He reached Beijing last month. 他上個(gè)月到達(dá)北京。 How did you reach the village? 你是怎樣到達(dá)村子的？ 1.單句改錯(cuò) 1. I met the lady in the park which showed us how to cook beancurd. 簡(jiǎn)析：which應(yīng)為who或that,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞是the lady,不是物。 2. This is the house which he lived when he was a child. 簡(jiǎn)析：which應(yīng)改為where或在lived后加in，用where等于in which,而live為不及物動(dòng)詞。 3. They were very poor that they could not send him to school. 簡(jiǎn)析：very應(yīng)改為so，因這里是so…that結(jié)構(gòu)。 4. He has two sons, all of whom are doctors. 簡(jiǎn)析：all 應(yīng)改為both,因all只能用來(lái)指三者或三者以上的事物或人。 5. The watches which was repaired last week have not been sent back. 簡(jiǎn)析：was應(yīng)改為were。定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞一致，因此which此處指“The watches”，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 2.書面表達(dá) 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面的提示寫一篇短文. 你在xx年暑假到一家肯德基(KFC)快餐店做保潔(cleaner)工作.你每天工作第個(gè)小時(shí),為期三周.這項(xiàng)工作辛苦且枯燥,并使你感到非常疲勞,這些幾乎使你半途放棄. 每天你都要起早貪黑地工作.在新學(xué)期開學(xué)之前,你終于完成了這項(xiàng)工作,并且由此認(rèn)識(shí)了勞動(dòng)(labour)的意義.你認(rèn)為這是一次成功的體驗(yàn). 注意:1.必須使用第一人稱. 2.詞數(shù)100左右. 參考答案: During the summer holiday, xx, I thought I should do something meaningful instead of touring. So I got a job at a KFC fast food restaurant and worked there as a cleaner. I worked 7 hours a day for 3 weeks. The job was hard and boring and seemed endless, which made me so tired that I nearly stopped it half way. After all .I stuck to it with determination. Every day I started off for work early in the morning and got home late in the evening. Finally, I finished the job before the new school term began. Now, I understand what labour means. I think it was really a successful experience.