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第3講 議論文,【典例】(2015浙江高考) Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford, I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高級(jí)管理人員)with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now 21 on their way to impressive careers. By society’s 22 , they seem to have it made.,On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a 23 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and 24 out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 25 a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.,The thing is, a number of them have 26 that despite their success, they aren’t happy. Some 27 of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 28 . Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 29 . However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the 30 to which they have so quickly become 31 .,People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and 32 in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they 33 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion: it’s 34 . They have loans, bills, a mortgage(抵押貸款)to 35 , retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something 36 in their lives, but it’s 37 to step off the track.,In a society that tends to 38 everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our 39 in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs 40 in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones we need to consider most.,21. A. much B. never C. seldom D. well 22. A. policies B. standards C. experiments D. regulations 23. A. last B. least C. second D. best 24. A. cycled B. moved C. slid D. looked 25. A. shared B. paid C. equaled D. collected 26. A. advertised B. witnessed C. admitted D. demanded 27. A. complain B. dream C. hear D. approve 28. A. distribute B. hate C. applaud D. neglect 29. A. calm B. guilty C. warm D. empty 30. A. family B. government C. lifestyle D. project,31. A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available 32. A. yet B. also C. instead D. rather 33. A. let out B. turn in C. give up D. believe in 34. A. fundamental B. practical C. impossible D. unforgettable 35. A. take off B. drop off C. put off D. pay off 36. A. missing B. inspiring C. sinking D. shining 37. A. harmful B. hard C. useful D. normal 38. A. measure B. suffer C. digest D. deliver 39. A. disasters B. motivations C. campaigns D. decisions 40. A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced,【解題思路】 第一步 采論點(diǎn)引論據(jù) 本文是一篇議論文, 但并沒有像一些典型的議論文那樣, 在開頭給 出論點(diǎn), 而是一直到第三段才提出: 盡管成功, 但是很多人并不快樂。 前兩段鋪墊了一種簡單但快樂的生活氛圍; 最后兩段闡述了不快樂的 原因, 也與前兩段構(gòu)成對(duì)比。 第二步 品原文析選項(xiàng) (一)部分答案直接選 以下題目, 在第一遍閱讀時(shí)即可選出; 你能寫出它們的答案嗎? 24. __; 29. __; 32. __,B,D,A,(二)邏輯題目細(xì)推斷 21. 上文提到這些人作為銀行、咨詢公司、地位穩(wěn)固的法律事務(wù)所和 大公司的高層管理人員, 可以得出, 這些人在職業(yè)生涯道路上已經(jīng)做得 很好了。故選__。 23. 根據(jù)上下文可知, 此處是說他們即將離開學(xué)生時(shí)代, 所以在酒吧喝 下最后一杯酒。故選__。 26. 根據(jù)后一句“盡管他們很成功, 但是他們不快樂”, 并且后文陳述一 些不快樂的原因可知, 此處應(yīng)該是承認(rèn)了這個(gè)事實(shí)。故選__。 27. 此處在列舉他們不快樂的原因, 所以對(duì)不友好的同事應(yīng)該是心存抱 怨。故選__。,D,A,C,A,28. 同上題一樣, 此處還是在列舉不快樂的原因, 所以對(duì)工作是反感的。 故選__。 36. 此處是說他們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到自己的生活中錯(cuò)過了很多, 卻很難離開既 定的軌道。故選__。,B,A,(三)依照語境詞義辨 22. 由上文意思和介詞by可知, 應(yīng)該是“按社會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量”。故選__。 25. 由本句語境可知, 他們現(xiàn)在預(yù)訂的餐館都很貴, 里面一瓶紅酒的價(jià) 格比得上大學(xué)里一個(gè)月的房租。故選__。 30. 然而, 他們并沒有全身心投入工作, 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己工作只是為了支 持現(xiàn)有的一種他們已經(jīng)快速習(xí)慣了的生活方式(指前文提到的在高級(jí) 餐館用餐、換高檔車)。故選__。 33. 然而因?yàn)樗麄兯叛龅氖虑槎x開自己的工作是不可能的。故選 __。,B,C,C,D,34. 最后他們得出了結(jié)論: 這是不可能的。故選__。 37. 他們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到自己的生活中錯(cuò)過了很多事情, 卻很難離開既定的 軌道。故選__。 38. 由整篇文章的內(nèi)容可知, 在當(dāng)今社會(huì)人們總是趨向于用金錢去衡量 所有事情。故選__。 39. 由本句的語境可知, 我們從小就會(huì)考慮我們?cè)谪?cái)政方面所做的決定 所付出的代價(jià)。故選__。,C,B,A,D,(四)搭配題目填一填 31. become ___________ to習(xí)慣于, 是固定短語。故選__。 40. ________與介詞in搭配, 意為“涉及”。故選__。 (五)依據(jù)常識(shí)選答案 35. 根據(jù)常識(shí), 貸款、賬單、抵押貸款應(yīng)該要還清。故選__。,accustomed,A,involved,B,D,1. 體裁技巧——議論文 (1)議論文要素 議論文是一種剖析事物、論述原理、發(fā)表見解或提出主張的說理性文章。典型的議論文一般由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證三部分組成。 不同的議論文論點(diǎn)的提出方式往往不同, 大體有以下三種情況: ①開門見山式: 提出論點(diǎn)→引用具體的論據(jù)→總結(jié)全文 ②啟發(fā)式: 敘述具體的事情或現(xiàn)象→針對(duì)問題提出論點(diǎn)→用論據(jù)說明論點(diǎn) ③概括式: 列舉生活中的現(xiàn)象→分析具體現(xiàn)象→得出結(jié)論,(2)解題技巧 針對(duì)以上特點(diǎn), 在解答議論文完形填空時(shí)要注意以下幾個(gè)方面: ①采論點(diǎn)。議論文的論點(diǎn)就是作者的觀點(diǎn), 是作者對(duì)某一事物的看法?？忌鷳?yīng)該通過瀏覽文章把握作者的觀點(diǎn), 這也就找準(zhǔn)了文章的論點(diǎn)。 ②引論據(jù)。議論文的論點(diǎn)一般帶有明顯的傾向性, 或褒或貶, 或贊成或反對(duì), 把握了作者的這種傾向可以對(duì)論據(jù)進(jìn)行導(dǎo)向, 有利于一些有傾向性的選項(xiàng)的選擇。 ③重首句。英語議論文大多數(shù)首句就是論點(diǎn); 每段的首句就是段落主題句。因此抓住首句和每段的首句重要性不言自明。,2. 考點(diǎn)技巧——利用固定搭配解題 答題時(shí), 對(duì)習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析有助于找出正確選項(xiàng)。在平常應(yīng)該有意識(shí)地記憶一些常用的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法, 并且要掌握它們的靈活用法, 以不變應(yīng)萬變。常見句型的掌握也很重要, 經(jīng)過反復(fù)使用的刺激后, 大腦會(huì)對(duì)常見句型形成思維定勢, 這對(duì)解答題目很有幫助。,【典例1】(2015浙江高考)But what about the personal and social costs 40 in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones we need to consider most. 40. A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced 【點(diǎn)撥】動(dòng)詞短語搭配。但涉及為了追求金錢而忽略生活的意義的個(gè)人和社會(huì)成本又該怎么計(jì)算呢? involve in是固定短語, 意為“涉及”, 故選B。,【典例2】(2015江蘇高考)I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional 36 (ideas) and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37 (amazing) to me and had such a big 38 on how I saw life from then on. 38. A. strike B. push C. challenge D. impact 【點(diǎn)撥】名詞短語搭配題。此處表達(dá)伯尼西格爾的書對(duì)作者的影響。have an impact on是固定短語, 意為“對(duì)……有影響”。故選D。,【典例3】(2014四川高考)This grouse came into our lives in 13 (spring). Tom was working out in the field when he 14 (noticed) her walking around at the edge of the field. She was 15 (surprisingly) unafraid and seemed to be 16 about what he was doing. 16. A. crazy B. curious C. concerned D. cautious 【點(diǎn)撥】形容詞短語搭配題。松雞對(duì)丈夫正在做的事情似乎感到好奇。固定表達(dá)be curious about對(duì)……感到好奇, 符合語境。故選B。,【典例4】(2014天津高考)It was then 25 I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on 26 (balancing) family and work. 25. A. when B. where C. which D. that 【點(diǎn)撥】固定句式搭配題。當(dāng)句首出現(xiàn)It is/was時(shí), 首先考慮是不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。本題中把It was和25空去掉后, 句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整, 句意通順, 由此可以判斷是強(qiáng)調(diào)句, 填that。故選D。,【誤區(qū)糾偏】 【典例】(2014天津高考)Back home, I 29 (reminded) myself that what my mother could do, I could, too. If she 30 (managed) to live in Rio all by herself, I, too, could learn to be 31 (independent). I learnt how to take care of myself and set high but achievable 32 . 32. A. examples B. limits C. rules D. goals,【點(diǎn)撥】動(dòng)賓短語搭配題。確定高的可實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。set a goal確定目標(biāo), 固定短語。achievable也起提示作用。本題中動(dòng)詞set與選項(xiàng)中的名詞皆可搭配, 構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語: set an example樹立榜樣; set a limit(to)限定, 限制; set a rule制定規(guī)則。我們?nèi)菀资茏约核e累的短語影響, 先入為主, 在瀏覽全文時(shí)填入自己熟悉的短語, 造成誤選。解決這類搭配題目, 還要結(jié)合上下文語境, 切不可拋開文章。故選D。,