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2019-2020年高中英語 Festival around the world單元教案 新人教版必修3 教材分析和教材重組 教材分析 本單元以節(jié)日為話題，介紹了世界各地的一些節(jié)日、含義、由來和民俗。通過本單元的學習，可以幫助學生更多地了解節(jié)日、體味文化；同時又能教育學生理解、尊重不同的文化和習俗。通過本單元的語言技能訓練，要求學生學會使用請求以及感謝的表達法。 1. Warming Up 要求學生以小組形式完成一個表格填充，列出中國的五個節(jié)日和這些節(jié)日的時間、慶祝的內(nèi)容以及節(jié)日里人們的所作所為。激發(fā)學生的閱讀興趣，為本單元Reading部分的世界節(jié)日做好鋪墊。 2. Pre-reading 通過若干個問題了解學生對節(jié)日的認識，比如：你最喜歡的節(jié)日是什么？你喜歡與家人還是與朋友共度佳節(jié)？你喜歡節(jié)日的哪部分——音樂、拜訪朋友，可看的還是可吃的？ 3. Reading 由五篇小短文組成，分別介紹古代節(jié)日、亡靈節(jié)、紀念名人的節(jié)日、豐收節(jié)和春天的節(jié)日等，使學生了解節(jié)日的由來及其存在的意義。最古老的節(jié)日主要慶祝冬天的結(jié)束，春天的播種，秋天的收獲等。鬼節(jié)是為祭奠亡靈，取悅祖先而舉行的節(jié)日，例如日本的盂蘭盆節(jié)（Obon），墨西哥的亡靈節(jié)，萬圣節(jié)（Halloween）等。紀念名人的節(jié)日有中國的端午節(jié)，美國的哥倫布日，印度的甘地紀念日。春天的節(jié)日包括中國的春節(jié)，西方的狂歡節(jié)、復活節(jié)，日本的櫻花節(jié)。 4. prehending 第一部分提出的6個問題讓學生對所讀文章有一個淺層理解。第二部分要求學生討論哪些節(jié)日是最重要的，哪些是最有趣的，結(jié)合所讀文章和自己的想法填表。第三部分要求找出各個節(jié)日中共有的三件事，然后與同伴討論為什么這些事情對各地的人們都是重要的。這一任務(wù)不僅使學生重溫所讀文章的內(nèi)容，而且結(jié)合他們的實際，給學生機會闡述自己的想法和觀點，挖掘?qū)W生的思維潛力。這3個練習的設(shè)置由表及里，由淺入深，非?？茖W。 5. Learning about Language 主要突出本單元的重點詞匯和主要語法項目。通過本單元的學習，要求學生熟練掌握情態(tài)動詞may/ might，can/could，will/would，shall/should，must/can的各種語用功能。 6. Using Language涵蓋了聽、說、讀、寫四個部分。Listening通過幾位學生參加Trinidad Carnival節(jié)日游行的兩段對話，使學生體會參加節(jié)日游行的真實情景，既訓練他們的聽力又通過回答問題訓練他們的分析能力。Speaking分為兩部分。第一部分主要通過電話對話突出本單元交際功能用語的訓練。第二部分讓學生根據(jù)上段的“你”剛從Trinidad回來編對話，學生可以按自己的想象和經(jīng)歷編寫談話內(nèi)容，這樣做有助于訓練學生的思維。Reading部分主要講述發(fā)生在情人節(jié)的一個傷心的愛情故事。故事中有穿插一個“乞巧節(jié)”的傳說。閱讀后的討論不但幫助學生理解文章的主旨大意，更重要的是讓學生學會尋求解決問題的方法。Writing主要是要求學生根據(jù)上面閱讀文章的內(nèi)容寫一個與文章結(jié)尾不同的結(jié)局，讓學生通過思考寫出自己的思想、自己的做法，嘗試自己解決問題。 教材重組 1.將Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading與prehending整合在一起上一節(jié)“閱讀課”。 2.將Learning about Language和Workbook中的using words and expressions及using structures整合在一起上一節(jié)“語言學習課”。 3.將Using Language設(shè)計為一節(jié)包括聽說讀寫在內(nèi)的“綜合技能課（一）”。 4.將Workbook的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING結(jié)合在一起上一節(jié)“聽說課”。 5.將Workbook的LISTENING TASK，READING AND WRITING TASK和SPEAKING TASK設(shè)計為一節(jié)“綜合技能課（二）”。 課時分配 1st Period Reading 2nd Period Language study 3rd Period Integrating skills(Ⅰ) 4th Period Listening and Speaking 5th Period Integrating skills(Ⅱ) Part 1: Teaching Design (第一部分：教學設(shè)計) Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading (FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS) Aims To help students develop their reading ability To help students learn about festivals Procedures I. Warming up Warming up by discussing Good morning, class. Today we are going to read about FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS. But first, I’d like to have you work in groups and list five Chinese festivals that you know. When do they take place? What do they celebrate? And what do people do at that time? Warming up by watching and listening Hi, every one. Look at the photos and listen to me telling you about some Western Festivals. Some Western Festivals Valentine’s Day , February 14 情人節(jié) Candy, flowers and other tokens of affection are exchanged on this day, in honor of two martyrs, both named St. Valentine. April Fool’s Day, April 1 愚人節(jié) Franksters feel that it is permissible to play all sorts of tricks on this day. Mother’s Day 母親節(jié) The second Sunday in May, set aside to honor mothers. Father’s Day 父親節(jié) The third Sunday in June, set aside to honor fathers. Halloween , October 31 萬圣節(jié) A special day for making merry, wearing costumes and playing old-fashioned games. A favorite with children. Easter 復活節(jié) A Christian holy day in March or April when Christians remember the death of Christ and his return to life. Thanksgiving Day 感恩節(jié) Generally the fourth Thursday in November, set aside for national thanksgiving, especially for our democratic form of government. It is a legal holiday in all states. Labor’s Day 勞動節(jié) The first Monday in September. Set aside to honor labor, it is a legal holiday in all states. Christmas Day, December 25 圣誕節(jié) This is both a legal and religious holiday, it observes the anniversary of the birth of Jesus. All states and all those of the Christian faith celebrate this holiday. Warming up by learning vocabulary Turn to page 96, and go over the vocabulary list for Unit 1. Find out the relationship between the spelling and the pronunciation. II. Pre-reading 1. Imagining and sharing Hello! Now you can celebrate everyday! Everyday is a holiday. Imagine somewhere someone is celebrating right now. Our world is filled with mystical celebrations and powerful memories. e and tell the class what holiday it is today. 2. Talking and sharing Work in groups of four. Tell your group mates what festivals or celebrations you enjoy in your city or town. III. Reading 1. Listening to the recording Now please listen to the recording of the text FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS. Pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence. I will play the tape twice. 2. Reading and underlining Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework. Collocations from FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS hold festivals and celebrations, catch animals, have food吃飯, light fires, make music, bring a year of plenty帶來富足的一年, honour the dead紀念死去了的人, satisfy and please sb.討好取悅某人, do harm to對……有害, clean the graves掃墓, light incense, in memory of 紀念；追念, light lamps, play music, lead sb. back to earth, on an important feast day, in the shake of sth., offer sth. to sb., have the origin as an event, ask for sth., dress up喬裝打扮；穿上盛裝, play a trick詐騙；開玩笑, hold festivals as an honour to sb., a national holiday, gain …’s independence, gather… for…, a season of agricultural work, decorate churches with 用……裝飾教堂, get together聚會, have meals吃飯, win awards for sth., admire the moon, give gifts of moon cakes, an energetic and important festival, look forward to期望；期待；盼望, eat dumplings吃餃子, give sb. lucky money給某人壓歲錢, in red paper, dragon dances, celebrate the lunar New Year慶祝陰歷的新年, take place發(fā)生, day and night日日夜夜, loud music, colourful clothing of all kinds, an important religious and social festival, be covered with 由……覆蓋., have fun with each other彼此玩得開心, enjoy life享受生活, be proud of為……自豪, forget sth. for a little while暫時忘記某事 4. Reading and transferring information Read the text again to plete the table listing festivals and their celebrations. FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Ancient Festivals Festival of the Dead Festival to Honour People Harvest Festival Spring Festival Celebrate the end of the cold weather, … 4. Reading and understanding difficult sentences As you have read the text, you can surely tell which sentences are difficult to understand. Now put your questions concerning the difficult points to me. IV. Closing down by doing exercises To end the lesson you are to do the prehending exercises No. 1, 2 and 3 on page 3. Closing down by learning the text by heart In the last few minutes you are asked to learn the text by heart. You may make use of the table you filled in just now. Additional Materials plete the summary of the story with one word in each blank. FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS We have 1___ of festivals. Ancient people held festivals and celebrations to celebrate the end of winter or the catching of animals. Some festivals are in 2___ of the ancestors. They light lamps, play music on an important feast day, offering good things to the dead. People hold festivals as an 3____ to famous people or to the gods. These festivals have their 4___ as an event, like the Dragon Boat Festival which honors the famous 5____ Qu Yuan. . Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals are held in many countries. People decorate churches, get together, have meals or win awards for petitions. On Mid-Autumn Festival people 6___ the moon and have moon cakes. Chinese New Year is an 7___ and important festival. People look 8___ to 9____ up, eating dumplings, giving children lucky money in red paper, playing dragon dances. The celebration of the lunar New Year may take 10___ throughout the country, day and night. It is an important religious and social festival. （Key：1. plenty 2. memory 3. honour 4. origins 5. poet 6. admire 7. energetic 8. forward 9. dressing 10. place） prehension questions 1. How many kinds of festivals does the passage refer to? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5 2. The festival to honor famous people is___. A. Obon B. the Dragon Boat Festival C. Halloween D. Easter 3. The children usually do the following EXCEPT ___ on Halloween Day. A. play the “trick or treat” game B. dress up to frighten people C. have pumpkin pie D. eat cakes with “bones” on them 4. Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage? A. Thanksgiving Day is to celebrate harvest. B. Obon is in memory of the dead ancestors. C. The Dragon Boat Festival is named after an old petition. D. The carnivals usually take place in February. （Key：1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C） Notes to some difficult sentences 1. Discuss when they take place. (Warming up) take place 表示 “發(fā)生、產(chǎn)生”。 比較happen與take place: happen偶然性的沒有預料到的事情的發(fā)生 take place必然性的發(fā)生 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. We don’t know what has happened to the poor mother. 2. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. (Reading) 這里festivals and celebrations of all kinds = all kinds of festivals and celebrations。 又如：experiments of this kind = this kind of experiments —You said he was old. 你說他老了。 —I never said anything of the kind.（=I said nothing at all like that.）我從來沒有說過那種話！ 注意of a kind的含義： 1) of the same kind：Father and son are two of a kind. They’re both generous. 2) of a not very good kind：It’s advice of a kind，but it wasn’t very helpful. 3. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and the ing of spring. (Reading) look forward to期待, to 在這里是介詞。 I’m looking forward to seeing you soon. 下列短語中的to 也是介詞。 1.be similar to與……相似 2.be/get engaged to（與某人）訂婚 3. relate…to/with把……與……聯(lián)系起來，be related to 與……有關(guān)系 4. be/bee/get addicted to“對……上癮；沉溺于” 5. look up to尊敬；欽佩 6．A is to B what C is to D. “A對B而言正如C對D一樣?！? 7. belong to 屬于；是……的成員之一 8. contribute to “為……作貢獻；有助于……；向……投稿” 9. available( to)可獲得的；可用的；可看見的 10. to the full/fullest充分地；盡情地；非常 11. witness to“為……作證；出庭證明；證實；說明” 12. attend to“處理；專心于；注意” 13. have access to接近；進入 14. put an end to結(jié)束；制止 15. lead to導致；招致 16. e to life恢復生氣；活躍起來 17. set an example to為……樹立榜樣 18. get used to適應(yīng)于……；習慣于…… 19. tend to朝某方向；趨于 20. date back to追溯到；始于 21. object to反對；討厭 22. according to根據(jù) 23. adjust to適應(yīng) 24. draw attention to吸引某人的注意力 25. open a /the door to/for為……創(chuàng)造條件，給……開門，給……以方便 4. The country is covered with cherry trees flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. as though=as if好像;仿佛;似乎； The boy looks as if he were a big man. 5. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit. (Reading) it在這里是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit。 6. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. (Reading) play a trick (on sb) 在這里是“捉弄某人”的意思。類似是表達還有l(wèi)augh at sb 嘲笑某人；make jokes about sb開某人的玩笑。 The naughty children like playing tricks on their maths teacher. Don’t laugh at the people in trouble. How dare you make jokes about your boss? 7. Because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. (Reading) year/ day/ life of plenty表示“富足的年景/日子/生活”。 You have a life of plenty， what would you be worried about？ 英語中的情態(tài)動詞雖然為數(shù)不多，但是要掌握好它們的用法并不容易。本文結(jié)合同學們在使用情態(tài)動詞時不易掌握的難點談幾點看法。 1. can表示可能性時，指的是理論上的可能，它通常不用來表示某事實際發(fā)生的可能性或真實性。如： Accidents can happen．Anybody can make mistakes． 如果我們要表達某事發(fā)生的實際可能性，要用may, could或might等。 We may spend our summer holidays in Hangzhou this year． Will you answer the telephone？It could／may／might be your mother． 2.could用來征求意見時，語氣要比can委婉，但在回答問題時我們不能用could,因為語氣委婉，可能性就變小了。如： —Could I use your telephone？—Yes, please go ahead． 3.在過去時態(tài)的肯定句中需要某種條件或努力做成某事，我們要用was／were able to而不能用could。如： It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside． The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final test． 4．must與have to都可以表示“必須”的意思，但要注意以下兩點區(qū)別。 1) must只有現(xiàn)在時，而have to有現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時。如： We must work hard, or we’ll fail in the examination． Years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money． 2) must表示主觀看法，have to則側(cè)重于客觀需要。如： We must be strict with ourselves in everything． In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks． 5．must表示推測時，其反意問句有好幾種形式。 1) “must＋動詞原形”對目前的情況進行推測時以及用must＋be＋-ing形式對目前正在發(fā)生的情況進行推測時，疑問短語部分要與must之后的動詞相一致。如： The mathematics teacher must be in the office now, isn’t he﹖ 2) “must＋have＋過去分詞”用來表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進行推論。如果句子中有過去的時間狀語，疑問部分用助動詞didn’t否則，疑問部分用haven’t或hasn’t。如： The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didn’t they﹖ The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasn’t he﹖ 6．shall可以用來征求對方意見，用于第一、三人稱。此外它也可以用來表示說話人的命令、警告、允諾、威脅或決心等，這時它用于第二、三人稱。如： Shall she go to the concert with us this evening﹖ (征求意見) You shall go to the front at once．(命令) Don’t worry．You shall get the answer this very afternoon．（允諾） He shall be sorry one day．I tell you．(警告) Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution．(決心) 7．在表示將來的時間、條件狀語從句中，不能用will（這時的will不是情態(tài)動詞，而是助動詞，幫助構(gòu)成將來時）。如： If it will rain tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village．(誤) If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village．(正) 當情態(tài)動詞will表示意愿或決心時，是可以用于條件狀語從句的。如： If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice on how to learn English． 如果你愿意聽我的話，我將給你提點學習英語的建議。 If you will e this way，the manager will meet you． 請您往這邊走，經(jīng)理現(xiàn)在要見你。 8．should除表示必要或義務(wù)外，還可表示推測或可能。如： The American friends should be here now． “should／ought to＋have＋過去分詞”既可表示本該做而事實上沒有做的事，也可以表示驚訝、責備、贊嘆等情緒。如： You should have told her about it the day before yesterday． It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years． “情態(tài)動詞＋have＋過去分詞”是很重要的一種句型，除should外，may, might, must, couldn’t, needn’t, ought to等都可以用于這一句型，但要注意使用不同的情態(tài)動詞句子的意思就有所不同。 9．ought to與should意思接近，大多數(shù)情況下二者可以互換，但是should談的是自己的主觀看法，ought to則更多反映客觀情況，在談到法律、義務(wù)和規(guī)定時使用。如： We should／ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work． She is your mother, so you ought to support her． We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will． 10．need用作情態(tài)動詞，僅用于否定句和疑問句，而不用于肯定句。在肯定句中要用must, have to, should, ought to或?qū)eed當作行為動詞使用。如： We need report the matter to the boss immediately．(誤) We must report the matter to the boss immediately．（正） We need to report the matter to the boss immediately．（正） dare的用法也一樣。 dare與need 的用法 1) dare作為情態(tài)動詞,主要用于疑問句,否定句和條件從句中,一般不用于肯定句。 a. How dare you say I’m unfair? b. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare she? c. If he dare break the rule, he will be punished. 2) need表示”需要”或”必須”,作情態(tài)動詞用時,僅用于否定句或疑問句、條件從句中?！坝小匾薄Ｔ诳隙ň渲幸话阌胢ust, have to, ought to或should代替。 a. You needn’t e so early. b. —Need I finish the work today? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. c. If you need go there, please let me know. 3) dare和need常用作實義動詞,有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。所不同的是,在肯定句中, dare 后面通常接帶to的不定式; 在否定和疑問句中, dare后可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。 a. I dare to swim across the river b. He doesn’t dare (to) answer. c. We need time and money. d. The dining room needs/ wants/ requires cleaning every day. = The dining room needs/ wants/ requires to be cleaned every day. e. Does he need to take the medicine four times a day? 需要注意的幾點: 1. 表示猜測，can一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“經(jīng)驗之談” 。這時can可以表示客觀的可能性,并不牽涉具體的事情是否會發(fā)生;要表示某事發(fā)生的可能性別時需要用could，may， might。 Children can often get ill suddenly．（小孩常?？赡芡蝗簧。? Certain things in the home can be dangerous，especially if you have young children．（家里的某些東西可能有危險，尤其是有小孩的時候。）上面兩句可以看作醫(yī)務(wù)工作者或撫養(yǎng)過孩子的人說的話，屬“經(jīng)驗之談”。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. 2．may和might都不用于疑問句中。如： （正）Can／Could it be cloudy tomorrow？ （誤）May／Might it be cloudy tomorrow？ 3．must的否定式是cant／couldnt，不是 neednt或mustnt。 4．would ＋V原形：想必現(xiàn)在／過去……；現(xiàn)在／過去可能…… He would be back today／yesterday．想必他今天／昨天回來了。（他今天／昨天可能回來了。） 5．should／ought to＋V原形：想必現(xiàn)在／將來會…… The dinner should／ought to be ready now．想必晚飯現(xiàn)在已備好。 He should／ought to ring up this afternoon．想必他今天下午會打電話的。 6．will ＋V原形：將來一定／準會…… Try your best，and your wish will e true．盡力吧，你的理想準會實現(xiàn)的。 【強化訓練】 1. Black holes ______ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task. A. can B. should C. must D. need 2．— What’s the name? — Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 3. — Must he e to sign this paper himself? —Yes, he A. need B. must C. may D. will 4. Theres no light on —they______ be at home. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 5. Some aspects of a pilot’s job __________be boring, and pilots often _________work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must 6. —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. I go out and play with Tom for a while? —No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now . A．Can’t B．Wouldn’t C．May not D．Won’t 7. Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must B. may C. can D. need 8. —May I smoke here? —If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must 9. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday．I___the trouble to carry my umbrella with me． A．should have taken B．could have taken C．neednt have taken D.mustnt have taken 10. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 11. —Could I have a word with you, mum? — Oh dear, if you ________. A. can B. must C. may D. should 12．You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ___ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would 13. How ___ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may 14. —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. —Well. He ___have gone far—his coat’s still here. A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C. can’t D．wouldn’t 15．—Excuse me, but I want to use your puter to type a report. —You have my puter if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 【鞏固練習】 1．You are wet through.You ___ in the rain. A. must e B. must have caught C. may catch D. must have got caught 2. I thought you ___ like something to read，so I have brought you some books． A．may B．might C．could D．must 3. —I stayed at a hotel while in New York． —Oh, did you？You ___ with Barbara． A．could have stayed B．could stay C．would stay D．must have stayed  4. —When can I e for the photos？ I need them tomorrow afternoon． —They ___ be ready by 12：00． A．can B. should C． might D．need 5. We ___ last night，but we went to the concert instead． A．must have studied B．might study C．should have studied D． would study 6. I was on the highway when this oar west past followed by a police car. They ____ at least 150 kilometers an hour. (xx重慶) A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done 7. —The room is so dirty． ____ we clean it？(xx北京) —Of course． A．Will B．Shall C．Would D．Do 8. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. (xx全國-03) A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 9. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____ report it to the police? (xx廣西) A. should B. may C. will D. can 10. — Who is the girl standing over there? (xx天津) — Well, if you know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall 【漢譯英】 1. 這些無家可歸的孩子渴望得到愛。 2. 你豐衣足食，還有什么擔憂的？ 3. 如果我們以這種方式處理問題，那可能弊大于利。 4. 用不著穿講究的衣服，就穿平常的衣服吧。 5. 我盼望再見到你。 【答案及解析】 1. A can意為“能夠”，表示黑洞是不能直接被看見的。 2. A shall在此表示征求對方的意見，用于第一、三人稱。 3. B must在此表"必須"引導一般疑問句,其肯定回答是Yes ,… must,否定回答是No, … needn’t; need表"必要"用于疑問句,其肯定回答用Yes, … must,否定回答用 No, … needn’t。 4. A “cant+ 動詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在情況的猜測和判斷（常用于否定），意思是“不可能”。根據(jù)Theres no light on可判斷他們不可能在家。mustnt表示“禁止，一定不能”； neednt表示“沒必要”； shouldnt表示“不應(yīng)該”。 5. A can可以表示客觀的可能性,并不牽涉具體的事情是否會發(fā)生；have to表示不得不。 6. A can表示許可，用于口語時與may相近。根據(jù)語法規(guī)則，一般疑問句可以用can’t但不能用may not。 7. A 句意為“在那個國家，12歲以下的兒童在公共圖書館一定要有成人監(jiān)督”。從that country和under 12 years可以看出這是一個全國性的要求，所以應(yīng)用must, 表示“必須, 一定