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1、Definition陳述語氣（陳述語氣（the Indicative Mood）用來陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提用來陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。The fish is not alive without water.虛語語氣（虛語語氣（the Subjunctive Mood）表示說話人的一種表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。1.虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn) 1、條件句中

2、的虛擬語氣的用法；、條件句中的虛擬語氣的用法；2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法；、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法；、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法；5、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。if if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句區(qū)別區(qū)別:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.陳述語氣陳述語氣Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣If+主主+did(were),主主+would/should/could

3、/might+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形If I were you,I would try it again.1.如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次。如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次。2.2.如果我有一百萬美元，我會(huì)買下這架飛機(jī)。如果我有一百萬美元，我會(huì)買下這架飛機(jī)。If I had one million dollars,I would buy the plane.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句If+主主+had done sth,主主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞完成式（動(dòng)詞完成式（have done）If he had worked hard,he would hav

4、e passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過這次考試。如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過這次考試。If I had married her,I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是當(dāng)時(shí)我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。要是當(dāng)時(shí)我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時(shí)間狀語通常有時(shí)間狀語)If he came here tomorrow,I would tell him about it.If he were to come here

5、 tomorrow,I would tell him.1.1.如果他明天來的話如果他明天來的話,我會(huì)告訴他這件事我會(huì)告訴他這件事.2.2.如果他明天來的話如果他明天來的話,我會(huì)告訴他我會(huì)告訴他.If+主主+did(were to/should do),主主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形If you _tomorrow,you _find the new manager working in the office.A.should come;would B.would come;wouldC.will come;should D.comes;mightIf

6、the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident,the child would have been saved.A.arrives B.arrive C.had arrived D.has arrivedIf he _he _that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not have takenB.had been warned;would not have takenC.would be warned;had not

7、takenD.would have been warned;had not takenI didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come If my lawyer _here last Sunday,he _ me from going.A.had been;would have preventedB.had been;would preventC.were;would prevent D.were;would

8、have prevented倒裝的倒裝的If If虛擬句虛擬句條件狀語的倒裝：條件狀語的倒裝：如果條件狀語中有如果條件狀語中有were,had,should時(shí)時(shí),可以倒可以倒裝成：裝成：Were/Should/Had+主主+其他其他Were I you,I would try it again.Had he been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.Should it snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.If I were you,I would try it again.If he had been ther

9、e yesterday,he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out._the exam,he would have attend a college.A.If he passed B.Had he passedC.Were he passed D.If he should pass_five minutes earlier,you could have seen them off.A.If you should arrive B.If you arriveC.Had you arrived D

10、.Should you arrive _it rain tomorrow,we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.A.Were B.should C.would D.willwishwish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句引導(dǎo)的虛擬句I wish I remembered the address.我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How I wish he had not left.要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）I wish it would rain

11、 tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預(yù)料明天不會(huì)下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預(yù)料明天不會(huì)下雨）wish+thatHow I wishIf onlydid/were 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在had done 過去過去would/might/could do 將來將來5.If only(1)要是就好了要是就好了=I wishIf only I knew his name now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我

12、們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了.Exercises:“Have you visited the Science Museum?”“No,but I really wish I _.”A.had B.did C.have D.willI didnt go to the party,but I do wish I _there.A.was B.were C.had been D.wentI wish I _ y

13、ou yesterday.A.see B.did see C.had seen D.were to see -He is a brave man.-Yes,I wish I _his courage.A.Have B.had C.will have D.would haveTom can take his car apart and put it back together again.I certainly wish he _me how.A.teaches B.will teach C.has taught D.would teachThe picture exhibition bored

14、 me to death.I wish I_to it.A.hadnt gone B.havent goneC.didnt go D.could not have goneHow I wish I _that!Everybody present was angry with me.A.didnt go B.hadnt done C.wouldnt do D.wasnt doing as if/though 區(qū)別：區(qū)別：HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA.陳述語氣陳述語氣HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheU

15、SA.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣2.as if/though+Clause現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過去：過去：將來將來:did/were(現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在)had done(過去過去)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.He speaks as if he had been to the United States.would+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形(將來將來)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 SubjunctiveMood時(shí)間時(shí)間條件從句條件從句if主句主句過去過去had donewould/should/could/might have done現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在did/werewould/sho

16、uld/could/might do將來將來1.should do2.were to do3.did退一步退一步 海闊天空海闊天空even if/though,wish,if only等從句等從句的虛擬與它相同。的虛擬與它相同。名詞性從句中要求名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語氣的動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣的動(dòng)詞如果我是你，我就聽從他的建議。如果我是你，我就聽從他的建議。If I were you,I would have taken his advice.從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去如果你聽我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么糟糕了。如果你聽我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么糟糕了。從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在從句表

17、示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在如果這些天一直沒下雨，我們現(xiàn)在可以進(jìn)行如果這些天一直沒下雨，我們現(xiàn)在可以進(jìn)行工作了。工作了。從句表過去進(jìn)行，主句表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行從句表過去進(jìn)行，主句表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行If you had listened to me,you might not be in such trouble now.If it hadnt been raining those days,we should be going on with the works.注意注意:主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語氣主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語氣(混合條件句混合條件句):):有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作

18、和結(jié)果與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。以調(diào)整。If you If you had followedhad followed my advice,you my advice,you wouldwould be able to finish the work now.be able to finish the work now.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。工作了。（從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。）（從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。）If I

19、 If I werewere you,I you,I would have gonewould have gone to her to her birthday party.birthday party.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。（從句（從句說說明明現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在，主句在，主句說說明明過過去。）去。）If you If you hadnt lenthadnt lent me some money,me some money,I I couldnt have boughtcouldnt have bought the new the new house

20、and most likely I house and most likely I would be would be still livingstill living in the dangerous house in the dangerous house now.now.假若你不借錢給我，假若你不借錢給我，我不可能買下這幢我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。（從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。）（從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。）suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,

21、require,advice etc.引引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，以導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，以(should)+v原原的形式出現(xiàn)。的形式出現(xiàn)。We all suggest that he(should)finish his homework first.The captain commanded that all the sailors (should)get down to work at once.Its suggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that 后面的主

22、語從句中要使用后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣，也以虛擬語氣，也以 (should)+v原原.的形式出的形式出現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)。Its ordered that only German (should)be taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin.Its requested that all the students(should)wear school uniforms at school.以上這些動(dòng)詞的以上這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式名詞形式后面的后面的表語從句表語從句 和和同位語從句同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，也應(yīng)以中也要用虛擬語氣，也應(yīng)以 (should)+v(should

23、)+v原原.的形式出現(xiàn)。的形式出現(xiàn)。My suggestion is that you(should)go home first before coming here.His request that his cost(should)be paid by the hour is completely reasonable.The order came that the work(should)be finished two days ahead of time My advice is that you(should)practise speaking English as often as

24、possible 注意注意:當(dāng)當(dāng)suggest 表示表示“暗示暗示”;insist表示表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)不時(shí)不用虛擬！用虛擬！His accent suggests he comes from Hunan.I insist that he was wrongHis silence suggested that he agreed with my decision He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.虛擬語氣特殊句型：1.would rather that現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過去：過去：未來：未來

25、：過去時(shí)過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去時(shí)過去時(shí)I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone,too.Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.注意注意:在主語在主語would(had)rather that 賓語從句中，從句謂語一般賓語從句中，從句謂語一般用過去用過去式表示虛擬形式。例如式表示虛擬形式。例如:我真希望你告訴我真相。我真希望你告訴我真相。Id rather you told me the truth.我寧愿不再見著你。我寧愿不再見著你。Id rather I did

26、nt see you again.我倒希望他們和我一起去。我倒希望他們和我一起去。I would rather they went with me.(1)對現(xiàn)在的虛擬對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)時(shí)(系動(dòng)詞用系動(dòng)詞用were),意指主從句謂意指主從句謂語表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生語表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生.例如例如:他他看起來好象病了看起來好象病了.He looks as if he were ill.他感到他應(yīng)該獨(dú)自對發(fā)生的他感到他應(yīng)該獨(dú)自對發(fā)生的事情承事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任擔(dān)責(zé)任.He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happene

27、d.(2)對過去的虛擬謂語動(dòng)詞使用對過去的虛擬謂語動(dòng)詞使用had+過去分詞過去分詞,意指從句謂語動(dòng)詞意指從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前.例如例如:她英語說的很好就象是在英國學(xué)習(xí)的一她英語說的很好就象是在英國學(xué)習(xí)的一樣樣.She spoke English well as if she had studied English in England.我記得整件事情就象是昨天發(fā)生的一樣我記得整件事情就象是昨天發(fā)生的一樣.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.(3)對未來的虛擬謂語動(dòng)詞使用對未來的

28、虛擬謂語動(dòng)詞使用would+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形,意指從句謂語動(dòng)詞意指從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之后.例如例如:史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.Mrs.Smith sobbed as if her heart would break.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been brokenThe actor is 58 years old.But he acts as if he

29、 _ a young man.A.is B.will be C.am D.wereThe clouds are getting darker and darker.It looks as if it _rain.A.is going to B.will C.was going to D.would注意：注意：如果表示的事情可能如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么狀語從句中的會(huì)發(fā)生，那么狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可用陳述語氣。謂語動(dòng)詞可用陳述語氣。It looks as if you are tired.3.Its(about/high)time+that-過去時(shí)should+V.你該走了。Its high

30、 time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我們該去睡覺了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.4.without和和but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。構(gòu)成虛擬。but for要不是要不是Without sunlight,peoples life would be different from today.But for your help,I wouldnt have finishe

31、d the work.Without your help,I would have failed.But for water,it would be impossible to live in the desert.5.If only(1)要是就好了要是就好了=I wishIf only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！If only our

32、 parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!(2)=as long as 常用陳述語氣常用陳述語氣.如果我們緊密團(tuán)結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝如果我們緊密團(tuán)結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝一切困難一切困難.We can surely overcome these difficulties if only we are closely united.6.Its necessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即（即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形It is

33、important that we(should)master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.7.otherwise 和和supposing也可以引也可以引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣。例如：導(dǎo)虛擬語氣。例如：The storm stopped,otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.Im getting cold,otherwise I would keep

34、 her.Suppose(supposing)your friends knew how you are behaving here,what would they think?8.so that 與與in order that 二者引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句謂語部分應(yīng)該用二者引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句謂語部分應(yīng)該用may/might/can/could/etc.+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it.She listened carefully in order that

35、 she minght discover exactly what he wanted.He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss the train.9.用用“may+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝表示祝愿，但愿，此時(shí)愿，但愿，此時(shí)may須置于句首須置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝你好運(yùn)！祝你好運(yùn)！May you be happy!祝你快樂！祝你快樂！May you do even better!祝你取得祝你取得更大成就更大成就 Long live the people!人民萬歲！人民萬歲！“Go

36、d bless you,”said the priest.牧師說：牧師說：“愿上帝保佑你！愿上帝保佑你！”含蓄條件句含蓄條件句非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來，只暗含句有時(shí)不表出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫在上下文中，這種句子叫做做含蓄條件句含蓄條件句。含蓄條件。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況句大體有三種情況:1.條件暗含在短語中條件暗含在短語中。如：。如：W hat would I have done without you?(條件暗含在分詞短語條件暗含在分詞短語without you中中)It would be easier to do it this way.(條

37、件暗含在不定式短語條件暗含在不定式短語to do it this way 中中)But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.(暗含條件是暗含條件是but for your help)This same thing,happening in wartime,would lead to a disaster.(條件暗含在分詞短語條件暗含在分詞短語happening in wartime中中)He must have the strength of a hippopotamus,or he never could hav

38、e vanquished that great beast.(暗含條件是連詞暗含條件是連詞or)Alone,he would have been terrified.(暗含條件是暗含條件是alone)2.條件暗含在上下文中。如：條件暗含在上下文中。如：You might stay here forever.(可能暗含可能暗含if you wanted to)We would have succeeded.(可能暗含可能暗含if we had kept trying)Your reputation would be ruined.(可能暗含可能暗含if you should accept it)

39、I would appreciate a little of your time.(可能暗含可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)3.在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如：如：You wouldnt know.你不會(huì)知道。你不會(huì)知道。I would like to come.我愿意來。我愿意來。I wouldnt have dreamed of it.這是我做夢也不會(huì)想到的。這是我做夢也不會(huì)想到的。He told the story

40、 in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness.他將那事講的非常仔細(xì)，簡直就象他親眼看他將那事講的非常仔細(xì)，簡直就象他親眼看見一樣見一樣 1Hesuggestedthatthemeetingputoff.A.notbeB.shouldnotC.wouldntD.benot2Itisstrangethatheso.A.thinksB.thinkC.thoughtD.willthink3IwishImyuncleyesterday.A.metB.havemetC.wouldmeetD.hadmet4Theo

41、ldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore6.A.wasfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinished 5.She says shed rather he _tomorrow instead of today.A.had B.should leave C.leaves D.left6.Its already 5 oclock now.Dont you think its about time_?A.we are going home B.if she leaves C.we went home D

42、.if she had left7Itshightimehehome.A.goesB.wentC.willgoD.isgoingtogo8yousucceedandyoubehealthy.A.MaymayB.WishwishC.HopehopeD.Shouldmay9Galileoinsistedthattheearthroundthesun.A.shouldmoveB.moveC.movesD.AorB10IfonlyI_tomyparentsadvice!A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened11-Whydidntyoucometoth

43、epartyyesterday?-I_,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.A.didB.wouldC.hadD.wasgoingto12Idratheryou_methenews.A.nottellB.nottotellC.didnttellD.hadnttold 1.The boy who went swimming in the No-swimming Zone drowned in the river.If the boy hadnt gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone,he wouldnt have drowne

44、d in the river.Had the boy not gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone,he wouldnt have drowned in the river.2.Billy was badly bitten by mosquitoes because he forgot to use the mosquito net last night.If Billy had remembered to use the mosquitonet last night,he would not have been bitten by Had Billy r

45、emembered to use the mosquitonet last night,he would not have been bitten by3.The mother carelessly put the knife within the babys reach,and the baby cut herself while playing it.If the mother had carefully put the knife out of the babys reach,the baby wouldnt have cut herself.Had the mother careful

46、ly put the knife out of the babys reach,the baby wouldnt have cut herself.4.The students got food-poisoning after eating the potatoes in the dining-room.If the students had not eaten the potatoes in the dinning-room,they wouldnt have got food-poisoning.Had the students not eaten the potatoes in the

47、dinning-room,they wouldnt have got food-poisoning.5.The parents put the thermos on the ground.Their son kicked it and got burnt.If the parents had put the thermos in a safe place,their son wouldnt have kicked it and got burnt.Had the parents put the thermos in a safe place,their son wouldnt have kicked it and got burnt.