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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit1 Grammar（2）教案 譯林牛津版必修4 Period 7 Grammar and usage Ⅱ Teaching goals 1. Enable the Ss to use reported speech to report statements, questions and imperative sentences. 2. Help the Ss to learn how to use reported speech to report statements, questions and imperative sentences. Teaching important and difficult point Reporting statements, yes／no questions, wh-questions and imperative sentences by using that, whether／if, wh- words and so on. Teaching methods Explaining and practicing. Teaching aids A multimedia. 課前訓練 The television news feature about Ben Heckmann, an eighth grader from Farmington, Minn, was breathless in its praise. “At 14, he has acplished something many adults can’t achieve,” the reporter said, “Ben is a twice-published author.” But Ben’s two “Velvet Black” books, describing a fictional rock band, were not picked from a pile of manuscripts（手稿）by an eagle eyed publisher. They were self-published, at the cost of $400 by Ben’s parents. Over the past five years, print-on-demand technology and a growing number of self publishing panies whose books can be sold online have inspired writers of all ages to avoid the traditional gatekeeping system for determining who could call himself a “published author.” The mothers and fathers who foot the bill say they are simply trying to encourage their children, in the same way that other parents buy equipment for a promising baseball player. But others see self-publishing as a lost opportunity to teach children about hardship and perseverance. Mr. Robbins, a critic, thinks it is wonderful to start writing at a young age, but worries self-publishing sends the wrong message. “There are no prodigies(神童) in literature,” he said. “Literature requires experience, in a way that mathematics and music do not.” Alan Rinzler, a publishing industry veteran, suggested parents hire a professional editor like him to work with their child to tear a manuscript apart and help make a better. Ben’s father, Ken, said Ben’s ambitions “weren’t to knock Harry Potter off the list,” but “to get that good feeling inside that you’ve done something.” Ajla Dizdarevic, 12, who has self-published two books of poetry, has been on television and in local newspapers. “Being a published author,” she said, “was always a dream of mine.” Her new dream: three books by age 15. 36. Which of the following is true of Ben? A. He has achieved something unusual for his age. B. His self-published books were well received. C. His manuscripts were favored by the publisher. D. He was thought little of by the public media. 【答案】A 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)At 14, he has acplished something many adults can’t achieve, 14歲時,他已經(jīng)完成了一些許多成年人不能實現(xiàn),的目標，故選A。 37. What makes it possible for writers of all ages to self-publish their works? A. The rapid increase of online readership. B. The increasing number of publishers. C. The immediate access to marketing agencies. D. The development of printing and publishing. 【答案】D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)print-on-demand technology and a growing number of self publishing panies whose books can be sold online have inspired writers of all ages to avoid the traditional gatekeeping system for determining who could call himself a “published author.印刷和出版業(yè)的發(fā)展，使他們出書有了可能，故選D。 38. Why do some parents pay the self-publishing bill? A. They want to offer opportunities to their children. B. They want to give encouragement to their children. C. They want to help their children avoid hardship. D. They want to show love and care for their children. 【答案】B 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The mothers and fathers who foot the bill say they are simply trying to encourage their children,父母為了鼓勵孩子，故選B。 39. What dose Alan Rinzler suggest that children should do? A. Be forbidden to write books B. Start writing at an early age C. Be professionally guided D. Learn from experience 【答案】C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Alan Rinzler, a publishing industry veteran, suggested parents hire a professional editor like him to work with their child to tear a manuscript apart and help make a better.孩子們應(yīng)受到專業(yè)指導，故選C。 40. Why do some children self-publish works according to the last part? A. Just to achieve their dreams. B. Just to earn more money. C. Just to gain self-confidence. D. Just to satisfy their parents. 【答案】A 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ben’s ambitions “weren’t to knock Harry Potter off the list,” but “to get that good feeling inside that you’ve done something 孩子們?yōu)榱藢崿F(xiàn)自己的夢想。故選A。 Teaching procedures and ways Step I Revision Greet the whole class as usual. T: Do you still remember what we have learned in the previous lesson? What should you pay attention to when you change direct speech into reported speech? What are the main changes? Please have a try. Step 2 Further explanation. T: We’ve learned how to change direct speech into reported speech. Now we’re going to have a further study about it. Look at the following sentences. Can you change it into reported speech? Show some statements on the screen. 1. She said, “Advertisements are an important part of our lives.’’ 2. “There are two main types of advertisements,’’ the writer said to us. Suggested answers: 1. She said that advertisements were an important part of our lives. 2. The writer told us that there were two main types of advertisements. Demonstrate the answers on the Bb. T: You’ve given a correct answer. Do you think the two pairs of sentences are of the same kind? What kind of sentences are the direct speeches? S: I think the two sentences are both statements, and if we want to change them into reported speech, we must introduce them with “that” and the rewritten sentences are much like object clauses. T: Yes, if the direct speech is a statement, in this situation we just use noun clauses, mainly object clauses introduced by that to reported statements. e. g. He said, “I am doing a biology experiment now.” →He said that he was doing a biology experiment then. He said. “I will have to stay in the lab until tomorrow.” →He said that he would have to stay in the lab until the next day. T: Look at this sentence, please. He said to me, “I am doing a biology experiment now.” Can you change it into reported speech? Who’d like to have a try? S: He told me that he was doing a biology experiment then. T: Very good. So when we want to mention the listeners, we can use tell to introduce the object clause; but if we do not wish to specify the listeners we just use say. Demonstrate the tip on the screen. Tip: We use “tell” when we want to mention the listener(s)；we use ‘‘say” if we do not wish to specify the listener(s). T: Look at the following sentences. Can you change them into reported speech? Show the Ss some sentences on the screen. 1. Linda said, “I’ll do it after class.” 2. Mary said to me, “I saw the movie last night with Lily.” 3. John said, “I had written the letter by 6 o’clock.” 4. Tom said to me, “I go to work in my car every day.” Get the Ss to finish them alone and then get them to read out their answers. T: There are more reporting verbs other than “say” and “tell”, they are: advise/ agree/ explain/ insist/ promise/ remind/ suggest／warn. e. g. “PSAS are often placed for free,” the writer said. →The writer explained that PSAs were often placed for free. Step3 Further explanation Show the Ss some sentences on the screen and at the same time give the Ss some explanations. 直接引語變間接引語 一．直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用連詞that引導。但that在口語中通常省略. She said, “ Advertisements are an important part of our lives.” →She said that advertisements are an important part of our lives. “There are two main types of advertisements,”the writer said to us. →The writer told us that there are two main types of advertisements. 直接引語變間接引語時，主句除可用動詞say和tell以外，還可以用advise, agree, explain, insist, promise, remind,suggest, warn. “PSAs are often placed for free,”the writer said. → The writer explained that PSAs are often placed for free. 需要注意的是，當我們通常想提及聽者時，我們通常使用tell; 當我們不希望具體說明聽者時，我們則通常使用say. 二．直接引語如果是疑問句, 變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 要把疑問句語序改為陳述句語序(主語在謂語之前)。句末用句號, 原句的人稱, 時態(tài)和狀語都要相應(yīng)的發(fā)生變化。 1. 一般疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 要變成陳述語氣, 并要加連詞if或whether。主句中的謂語動詞是said時, 要改為asked。沒有間接賓語的, 可以加一個間接賓語(me, him或us等)。 如: Matt asked Ann, “Are you the happiest person in the world?” →Matt asked Ann whether／if she was the happiest person in the world. “Are ads playing tricks on us?” I asked her. →I asked her whether／if all ads were playing tricks on us. He said, “Are you interested in English?” →He asked (me) if 1 was interested in English. 2. 特殊疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 仍用原來的特殊疑問詞引導。如: “Where do you go in the summer vacation?” Jack inquired. →Jack inquired where I went in the summer vacation. “How much have we spent on petrol this year?” Susan asked her husband. →Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year. I asked her, “How can that be true?” →I asked her how that could be true. “Where did you find the advertisements for jobs abroad?” Bill asked. →Bill asked where I had found the advertisements for jobs abroad. “When did you get the tickets for the concert?” I asked Wang Hua. →I asked Wang Hua when he had got the tickets for the concert. 3. 祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語 轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時, 要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式, 并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell, ask. order等動詞, 其句型是: tell／ask／order someone (not) to do something。如果祈使句為否定式, 在不定式的前面加上not?；蚝啙嵉挠洖椤耙桓摹薄岸儭薄叭印薄八娜ァ狈??！耙桓摹奔? said(to)改為asked (或told, ordered等)；“二變”即said to的賓語或呼語變?yōu)閍sked等的賓語: “三加”即在動詞原形前加to, 使之成為動詞不定式；“四去”即去掉please。如: He said to her: “Don’t take the book away. ’’ →He asked her not to take the book away. “Take me up to the 15th floor, please. ’’ she said to the woman. →She asked the woman to take her up to the 15th floor. The writer said, “Think about why you should do the things the ad suggests.” →The writer told us to think about why we should do the things the ad suggested. Tip: There are other verbs that can be used in this structure to report imperative sentences: advise／encourage／invite／remind／warn “Don’t believe every advertisement you read,” Michelle said to me. →Michelle advised me not to believe every advertisement I read. “Dont forget to take your medicine, Dad,” my daughter said. →My daughter reminded me not to forget to take my medicine. Step4 Practice T: Well, there, s enough explanation. Now let’s see whether you really understand it. Now let’s e to exercises A and B on Page 11. Finish them by yourselves. Give the Ss several minutes to finish them. After they finish them, get some of them to report their answers to the whole class. Correct the mistakes if any. Then get the Ss finish the exercises in the workbook, Page 86, finish C1 and C2 within seven minutes alone. Several minutes later, check the answers with the whole class. Step5 Language Points 1. I remend that we purchase 10 copies for the library. (Page 9) ▲remend vt. 推薦，介紹；勸告；建議。 remendation n. 推舉，推薦；推薦信，求職介紹信 I remend meeting him first. 我建議先見他。 remend后跟從句時，也要用(should)do形式。 I remend that you resign．我建議你辭職。 2. Use a large advertisement whenever possible. (Page 11) ▲whenever possible這是一個省略的狀語從句, 原句應(yīng)為Whenever it is possible. 在when, while, if, where, once等引導的狀語從句中, 如果從句主語與主句主語相同或從句主語是it且從句謂語動詞含有系動詞be, 可省略從句主語和系動詞be。如： Be careful when／while (you are) crossing the road. Make some changes where (it is) necessary. Everyone will e to your help if (it is) possible. 經(jīng)典回放： (1) When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced (2) ______ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all. A. pare B When paring C. paring D. When pared (3)Unless ______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited (4)The research is so designed that once ______, nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B having begun C. beginning D. begun 答案：B D A D Step6 Summary and Homework T: In this period we’ve 1earned more about direct speech and reported speech. We must pay attention to what the major changes are when we change direct speed into indirect speech. So after class, please go over the instructions on Page 10. Homework for today: 一、把直接引語改成間接引語 1. He said, “I like maths very much.” He said that ______ ______ maths very much. 2. George said that, “I saw her yesterday. ” George said that he ______ ______ her ______ ______ before. 3. She asked us, “Have you seen the film before?’’ She asked us______ ______ ______ ______ the film before. 4. He said to Rose, “Where did you buy this watch?” He asked Rose ______ ______ ______ ______ that watch. 5. Lucy said, “Ill e here tomorrow.” Lucy said that she ______ ______ ______ the next day. 6. Tom said, “Don’t play in the street, Mary” Tom told______ ______ ______ play in the street. 二、改錯 1. I was afraid that he won’t e to our party this evening. 2. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 3. He asked me that I could sing the song “My Heart Will Go On.” 4. She thought that the work was too difficult to do it. 5. Could you tell me what our hometown will like in the year xx? 6. He said that they are going to the small village again. 7. The teacher told us that the earth moved around the sun. 8. I don’t know if Tom es to the party this evening. Record after teaching: