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1、Sweat is the lubricant of success.同學(xué)互助　一起進(jìn)步（頁(yè)眉可刪） 2021中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 　　中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)1 　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn) 　　不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，只能和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用在行為動(dòng)詞前，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)這一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法或主觀設(shè)想。 　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有下列： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) must not. 　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)： 　?、偾閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后

2、面跟的動(dòng)詞須用原形，否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 "not"。 　　②個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式，過(guò)去式用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣，委婉的語(yǔ)氣，時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。 　?、矍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞屬非及物動(dòng)詞，故沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 　　名詞的所有格 　　名詞所有格，用來(lái)表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。 　　1. 表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加 s,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s，例如：a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。 　　2. 如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。 　　3. 在表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、重

3、量、價(jià)格、世界、國(guó)家等名詞的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。 　　4. 無(wú)生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。 　　5. 雙重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。 　　注意：如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有 s，則表示

4、“分別有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms(約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間);Toms and Marys bikes(兩人各自的自行車)。 　　兩個(gè)名詞并列，只有一個(gè)s，則表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room(約翰和瑪麗共有一間);Tom and Marys mother(即Tom與Mary是兄妹)。 　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)代構(gòu)成 　　(一)時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成： 　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要由動(dòng)詞的原形表示，如果主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，則在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es。 　　(二)時(shí)態(tài)的用法： 　　1、表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)階段的習(xí)慣 　　常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：oft

5、en, sometimes, usually, always, seldom, in the morning, every day, on Sunday 等。如： 　　He is always ready to help others. 　　The students have sports at five every afternoon. 　　Does he work hard? 　　2、表示不受時(shí)間限制的事實(shí)或普遍真理 　　Three plus two is five. 　　A plane is faster than a car. 　　China is in Asia. 　

6、　Light travels faster than sound. 　　3、在含時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中 　　主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作。如： 　　I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 　　She’ll go to see him as soon as she arrives. 　　When they come, they’ll tell you something important. 　　4、在含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中 　　盡管主句用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，但如果賓語(yǔ)從句所述內(nèi)容是客觀真理，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如

7、： 　　The teacher told her pupils that the sun rises in the east. 　　5、表示已經(jīng)安排或計(jì)劃好將來(lái)必定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 　　一般用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start等動(dòng)詞。如： 　　My birthday falls on May 2. 　　The meeting is at 2:00 p.m. 　　His ship leaves at 9:00 a.m. 　　6、圖片說(shuō)明、電影說(shuō)明、解說(shuō)戲劇內(nèi)容及場(chǎng)景動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： 　　Scene 1 ( Mary and Mis

8、s Green are in the professor’s room-a large ,pleasant room with many books. There is a big desk near the window. ) 　　7、幾個(gè)由here, there 開(kāi)頭的句子 　　動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如： 　　There goes the bell. Let’s hurry. 　　Here comes the teacher. 　　賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài) 　　1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句該用什麼時(shí)態(tài)就用什麼時(shí)態(tài)。 　　Can you tell me h

9、ow I can get to the railway station? 　　2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)， 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí))。例如： 　　He asked what time it was. 　　He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. 　　3. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： 　　Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. 　　Scien

10、tists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 　　中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)2 　　1.John was given _______ orange bag for his birthday but ______ bag was lost just now. A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the 　　2.There`s ________ old tree near _______ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a 　　3.There is ___ 800-metre-

11、long road behind ___ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the 　　4._______ good,kind girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a 　　5.________ bad weather!I hope it won`t last long. A.How B.What C.What a D.How a 　　6._______ they are listening to the teacher! 　　A.How careful B.What careful C.How care

12、fully D.What carefully 　　由上例題我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)冠詞和感嘆句是必考內(nèi)容。同樣，象賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序、代詞的格、主謂語(yǔ)一致、動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配、近義詞的比較以及習(xí)慣表達(dá)法和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用等，無(wú)一不在考查之列。 所有這一切語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，我都將通過(guò)對(duì)典型試題的解題分析，展開(kāi)討論，分層展示難易對(duì)比，系統(tǒng)歸納。 對(duì)于語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是這樣處理，那么對(duì)以能力測(cè)試為主要目的的中考其他試題形式又該怎么辦呢? 這里我們以一篇完形填空題為例： 　　A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot of money,he

13、 decided to spend a holiday in an e-pensive hotel(旅館)in a bigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant(餐館)of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter(服務(wù)員)(4)him to the table,took his order and went away.When he turned and (5)the farmer again,he had a (6)!The

14、 farmer had tied(系)his table cloth round his (7). 　　The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and (8) him that people (9) do such a thing in his restaurant.So the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a (10) voice(聲音),"Good morning,sir.Would you like a haircut?" 　　1.A.lent B.made C.pa

15、id D.gave 　　2.A.During B.Though C.When D.Because 　　3.A.for B.with C.on D.in 　　4.A.wanted B.put C.showed D.brought 　　5.A.looked at B.watched C.saw D.found 　　6.A.look B.rest C.table cloth D.surprise 　　7.A.arm B.neck C.hand D.head 　　8.A.ask B.tell C.taught D.told 　　9.A.can`t B.don`t C.won`t D.m

16、ustn`t 　　10.A.friendly B.tired C.sad D.ter 　　要求考生從所給的選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案，使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順，結(jié)構(gòu)完整。對(duì)此，考生必須通篇考慮，不能拿來(lái)就做，那樣必然顧此失彼，前后意思不得連貫。目前的中考完型還側(cè)重于語(yǔ)法，這將在逐年試題的變革中轉(zhuǎn)向按上下文的要求來(lái)推斷理解。 　　在解這類題時(shí)，必須掌握“詞感現(xiàn)象”，注意學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分“干擾項(xiàng)”。所謂詞感，“the sense of word"是指一種對(duì)詞或詞群的感受能力。對(duì)詞的感受力強(qiáng)，在解題時(shí)會(huì)較為容易地找到它與情景的關(guān)系。詞感并不僅僅指詞與詞之間的細(xì)微差異，也并不注重詞的搭配與組合，它較多地強(qiáng)調(diào)選用恰

17、當(dāng)?shù)脑~，以利于對(duì)情景作出合乎邏輯的判斷。同時(shí)也就把其它三個(gè)作為干擾項(xiàng)的選擇項(xiàng)排除掉了。最后復(fù)讀一篇全文，就會(huì)語(yǔ)感流暢，句意明確。 　　這兒舉例的目的是想說(shuō)明，我從一個(gè)較高的立意來(lái)對(duì)中考題型，特別是完形、閱讀等，進(jìn)行分析、探討，借以使同學(xué)們獲得較為完整的解題思路和解題方法。 　　詞匯(一) 　　這一講里，主要幫助同學(xué)們掌握名詞、冠詞、數(shù)詞的用法，特別是針對(duì)同學(xué)不易掌握的方面。 　　一、名詞 　　關(guān)于名詞，我們必須掌握名詞的數(shù)，名詞的格。 　　單數(shù)可用a、an來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，在元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的單詞前用an，而不是a 　　1.復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法：(1)一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加s，如：dog--

18、dogs。 　　(2)以s、-、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加es，如：watch--watches。 　　(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加es， 如：country--countries。 　　請(qǐng)區(qū)別：如果是元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，則只須加s。 如：monkey--monkeys。 　　(4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西紅柿)加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。 　　(5)以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f、fe為v再加es， 如：knife--knives。 　　2.單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的詞：sheep--sheep，fish--fish Chinese--Chinese，Jap

19、anese--Japanese 　　3.特殊變化的單詞有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot--feeth 　　(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen 　　請(qǐng)區(qū)別：German(德國(guó)人)—Germans (3)child—children 　　4.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(褲子) glasses(眼鏡) ,這些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)特別注意它們的謂語(yǔ)，用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：My clothes are (be) newer than y

20、ours. 　　5.有些名詞看似復(fù)數(shù)形式，實(shí)際上是單數(shù)。這一點(diǎn)是同學(xué)不易掌握的，應(yīng)特別加以記憶。如：news(消息)，maths(數(shù)學(xué))，physics(物理) No news is good news. 　　6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 How many are there in your pencil-bo-?(knife) 　　不可數(shù)名詞：1.常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。應(yīng)特別記medicine,news,work,homework,housew

21、ork,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. 　　2.不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)?？闯蓡螖?shù)。如：Some bread__________over there.(be) 　　3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 　　4.常用a piece of,a cup of等來(lái)表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。如要表達(dá)“兩片面包”這樣的意義，bread仍為不可數(shù)名詞，不加s，而piece則可加s。即：twopiecesof bread 　　請(qǐng)區(qū)別：可數(shù)名詞也可用量來(lái)表示， 如：三箱蘋果three bo

22、-es of apples 　　例： 1、These two pieces of bread __________over there.(be) 2、Could I have three ___________,please? 　　A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads 　　名詞的格 名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法，在名詞后加“ `s”。如：Tom→Tom`s譯為“…的”，若遇上以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則在s后加“ `”即可。如：Teachers`Day , twoweeks`holiday，而不以

23、s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，仍按慣例加`s 。如：Children`s Day 　　關(guān)于名詞所有格，應(yīng)掌握以下幾點(diǎn)： 　　1.可用名詞所有格表示地點(diǎn)。 如：my aunt`s 我姑姑家。 go to the doctor`s 去醫(yī)生家。 　　2.表示兩人共同擁有，在最后一個(gè)名詞后加`s 如：Lucy and Lily`s 露西和莉莉的 　　3.掌握詞組：a girl of five 一個(gè)五歲的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一個(gè)朋友 　　eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate,my B.Kate`s,mine C.Kat

24、e,mine D.Kate`s,my 　　二、冠詞 　　冠詞是詞匯中的基礎(chǔ)的，也是簡(jiǎn)單的部分，所以同學(xué)們有必要掌握其基本用法，歸納起來(lái)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該掌握以下幾點(diǎn)： 　　1.冠詞指不定冠詞a,an和定冠詞the 　　2.不定冠詞an常用于元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的詞前，如：an hour,an English car. 請(qǐng)區(qū)別：a useful machine 　　3.指上文提到過(guò)的人或物，用定冠詞the 　　4.在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前用定冠詞the.如：the sun,the moon,the earth 　　5.定冠詞the用于序數(shù)詞前，表示方位的名詞和形容詞級(jí)前。如：the first,

25、the best ,in the south 　　6.在復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前加the，表示--一家人，?？闯蓮?fù)數(shù)。 　　如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 　　7.在介詞短語(yǔ)中常用定冠詞the，如：in the bo- ,behind the chair 　　8.特別注意不能用定冠詞the的幾個(gè)方面： 　　(1)在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)、年等詞前不用冠詞。如：in summer,in August 　　請(qǐng)區(qū)別：in the spring of 1945. (這里表示特指，故加the) 　　(2)一日三餐

26、和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名不用冠詞。 如：have breakfast ,play football 　　(3)一些固定詞組中，如：go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night. 　　9.在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無(wú)冠詞意思不同，請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別： 　　in front of 在…前面 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里 　　in the front of 在…范圍內(nèi)的前部 in hospital (生病)住院 　　練習(xí):There`s _________800-metre-long road behind _________hospital. A.an,an B.

27、a, a C.an, the D.a, the 　　三、數(shù)詞 　　同學(xué)們首先應(yīng)會(huì)讀會(huì)寫所有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，以及與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的鐘點(diǎn)表達(dá)法。對(duì)數(shù)詞的考查，中考常采用單選題及聽(tīng)力題，這些題型歸納起來(lái)，應(yīng)掌握以下幾點(diǎn)特別容易出錯(cuò)的地方。 　　1.基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞。其規(guī)律為： 　　1,2,3特殊記，加th從4起 (first,second,third,fourth) 　　8少t，9去e，千萬(wàn)別忘記 (eighth,ninth) 逢5逢12，ve變f (fifth,twelfth) 　　20到90，y要變ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是幾十幾，前基后序別倒位 (ninety-

28、first) 　　2.hundred,thousand,million 在構(gòu)成具體的數(shù)字時(shí)用單數(shù)形式。 如：five hundred people. 只有在表達(dá)籠統(tǒng)的多數(shù)時(shí)才加s，構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式。 　　hundreds of 數(shù)以百計(jì)的，成百上千的 thousands of 數(shù)以千計(jì)的，成千上萬(wàn)的 　　millions of 數(shù)百萬(wàn)的 這些詞組前不能用具體數(shù)字。 　　3.序數(shù)詞常與定冠詞the 連用。 練習(xí):①Henry has learned eight _________ French words this year. 　　A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundre

29、d of D.hundreds of 　　②The _________lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty) 　　另外，同學(xué)們還應(yīng)掌握與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的鐘點(diǎn)表達(dá)法。 　　順讀法(鐘點(diǎn)+分鐘) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five 　　4:15 four fifteen 倒讀法(分鐘+to/past+鐘點(diǎn)) 如：4:30 half past four 　　4:15 fifteen past four/a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five/

30、a quarter to five 　　練習(xí)題 : 　　1.At the beginning of the_____(twenty) century,the world`s population was about 1700 million. 　　2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes. 　　3.You don`t look well.You`d better go to the______(doctor) at once. 　　4.Would you give me________,please? 　　A.two papers B.two piece

31、of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers 　　5.There are three_____and seven____in the picture. 　　A.monkeys,sheeps B.monkeys,sheep C.monkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps 　　6.A lot of____are talking with two_______. 　　A.Germans,Frenchmans B.Germen,Frenchmans C.German, Frenchmen D.Germans,Fre

32、nchmen 　　7.June 1 is __. 　　A.the Children`s Day B.the Childrens` Day C.Children`s Day D.Childrens` Day 　　8.__________people went out to see what had happened. 　　A.Thousands of B.Three thousand ofC.Thousand of D.Three thousands 　　9.We have been in the school for______. A.three and a half month B

33、.three and a half months 　　C.three month and a half D.three months and half 　　10.__________English is___________ useful language. 　　A.A, an B./, a C.The, an D. A, / 11.John was given _______ orange bag for his birthday but ______ bag was lost just now. A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the 　　12.There`

34、s ________ old tree near _______ house. 　　A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a 　　13.There is ________ 800-metre-long road behind _________ hospital. 　　A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the 四.代詞 　?、偃朔Q代詞: 主格: 單數(shù)I 、you 、he 、she 、it 復(fù)數(shù) we 、you 、they 賓格: 單數(shù)me 、you 、him 、her 、it 復(fù)數(shù)us 、you 、them 　?、莆镏鞔~: 形容詞性 my

35、、your 、his 、her 、its 、our 、your 、their 　　名詞性 mine 、yours 、his 、hers 、its 、ours 、yours 、theirs 　?、鄯瓷泶~: myself 、yourself 、himself 、herself 、itself 、ourselves 、yourselves 、themselves 　　1.形容詞性物主代詞在句中只能作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，名詞性物主代詞在句中可作表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。 　　2.注意名詞性物主代詞在句中所指代的關(guān)系,是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 　　如：⑴These books aren`

36、t ours. Ours are new. (這里ours=our books) 　?、芓his is not our room. Ours is over there. (這里ours=our room) 3."of+名詞性物主代詞"表示所屬 如：a sister of his 他的一個(gè)妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一個(gè)朋友 　　4.人稱代詞在并列使用時(shí)的順序?yàn)椋骸暗诙朔Q，第三人稱，第一人稱”。 　　如：You, she and I all enjoy the music. 　　5.關(guān)于反身代詞，同學(xué)們須掌握其固定結(jié)構(gòu)： 　　enjoy oneself=have a

37、 good time (過(guò)得很愉快) by oneself=alone (單獨(dú)、獨(dú)自) 　　help oneself to… (隨便吃/喝 些...) learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自學(xué)) 　　練習(xí)題 1.-Whose trousers are these? -_____, I think. 　　A.They B.Their C.Theirs D.Them 2. Nobody taught___English. He taught____. 　　A.him, himself B.his, himself C.him, by him

38、self D.his, his 　　(二) 修飾可數(shù)名詞 many few 表否定意義 a few 表肯定意義 　　修飾不數(shù)名詞 much little 表否定意義 a little 表肯定意義 few 和 little 與 quite 或 only 連用時(shí)，常加不定冠詞 a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.= 　　用little, a little, few, a few填空: 　　1.I often stay at home because I have _______ friends here. 　　2.Jim,

39、don`t go and get some water. There is ______ water in the glass. 　　3.Though he learned French only ________ weeks. He can speak very well. 　　4.Lily had _________ bread because she was hungry yesterday. 　　(三)不定代詞: something, anything, nothing. 　　當(dāng)形容詞修飾這三個(gè)不定代詞時(shí)，常后置。 如：something new 　　There`s ____

40、______ in today`s newspaper. 中考題 　　A.important anything B.important something C.anything important D.something important 　　(四)另外，還要注意代詞some, every, all, both, either, another 　　1.some(一些，某) 一般用于肯定句中 注：some有時(shí)也可用于表示請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中。 　　any(任何) 多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句 　?、?Will you give me some water? ② Would you like so

41、me meat? 　　③ May I ask some questions? ④ Could I have some apples? 　　2.every+單數(shù)名詞 “每一個(gè)” 強(qiáng)調(diào)共性，作定語(yǔ),形式上為單數(shù)。 　　each “每一個(gè)” 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性，作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，常與of連用。 　　如: Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt. 　　Every child likes playing games. 3.all “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在連系、助動(dòng)詞之后

42、，行為動(dòng)詞之前。 　　none “沒(méi)有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介詞of 　　如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada. 　　None of us is/are afraid of dogs.(單、復(fù)數(shù)均可) 　　4.both “(兩者)都” ,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，看作復(fù)數(shù);作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 　　either “兩者中任何一個(gè)” ,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù);作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，后跟名詞單數(shù)。 　　neither “(兩者)都不”,含有否定意義，用法同either。 　　如：①They both swim well.

43、 =Both of them swim well. 　?、赥here are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. 　?、跱either of us is going to Beijing ne-t week. 　?、躈either answer is right. 　　5. another +單數(shù)名詞, “另一個(gè)” 　　one … the other “一個(gè)……，另一個(gè)……” the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 = the others “其他的人或物” (指

44、確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部) others “別人” 　　(五)疑問(wèn)代詞 5個(gè)“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which 　　這里，which是同學(xué)們不易掌握的內(nèi)容，其實(shí)，同學(xué)們只須記住，對(duì)作定語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容提問(wèn)，常用which. 例如: I like the red shirt. ___________ ___________ do you like ? 練習(xí): 　　一、根據(jù)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句意通順，語(yǔ)法完整 　　6.Can you come with us?(we)? 　　7.These skirts are hers. Yours are over

45、there.(she)? 　　8.Please take care of yourselves, boys and girls.(you)? 　　9.I don`t think this is my frisby, though it looks like mine.(I) ? 　　10.Look at those books. Are they yours?(that) 　　二、根據(jù)首字母填空? 　　11.Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? ? 　　12.She asked us to help each other.

46、 　　13.The old man can neither read nor write. ? 　　14.Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. ? 　　15.Please help yourself to some fish, Lucy.? 　　三、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換? 　　16、A: The children played happily in the zoo yesterday.? 　　B: The children enjoyed themselves in the zoo yesterday. ? 　　17、A: H

47、e doesn`t like mutton, and she doesn`t, either.? 　　B: Neither he nor she likes mutton. 　　18、A: All the American people don`t like sandwiches.? 　　B: Not all the American people like sandwiches. ? 　　19、A: They don`t often hear the twins sing the song in the school.? 　　B: Neither of the twins is o

48、ften heard to sing the song in the school.[ZK)] 　　四、單項(xiàng)選擇? 　　(C)20、-Can you speak Chinese, Peter?-Yes, but only .? 　　A. little B. few C. a little D. a few ? 　　(A)21、-Do you like Jane`s new skirt?? 　　-Yes, very much. I`ll ask mum to buy for me.? 　　A. one B. it C. the other D. a ? 　　(B)22、The co

49、lor of her skirt is different from of mine.? 　　A. one B. that C. it D. this ? 　　(B)23、Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming. like ball games.? 　　A. the others B. others C. the other D. other ? 　　(A)24、-I`ll give the boys to eat.? 　　-Oh, I know, fish an

50、d chips.? 　　A. something English B. English something?C. anything English D. English anything (D)25、-Shall I help you with the heavy bo-?? 　　-No, thanks, I can do it .? 　　A. me B. my C. mine D. myself ? 　　(D)26、-What time shall we meet this afternoon,3:00 or 4:00?? 　　-I don`t mind. time is OK.?

51、 　　A. Neither B. Each C. Any D. Either ? 　　(C)27、-My bag is full, what about ?? 　　- is full, too.? 　　A. you, Yours B. his, He C. yours, Mine D. hers, She ? 　　(D)28、-I`ve had enough bread, Would you like ?? 　　-No, thanks.? 　　A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more ? 　　(A)29、The

52、re are many trees on sides of the river.? 　　A. both B. either C. neither D. each 　　(A)1、He has two bikes, one is new, is old. 　　A. the other B. other C. the others D. others ? 　　(C)2、Without the sun, could grow in the world.? 　　A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ? 　　(B)3、 of the

53、m is going to play basketball with you this afternoon.? 　　A. All B. Neither C. Some D. Both ? 　　(B)4、-Can you tell me what a panda looks like? 　　-Look! This is a picture of .? 　　A. it B. one C. two D. some ? 　　(B)5、There are not many pears here, but you can take if you want to.? 　　A. few B. a

54、few C. a little D. little 　　二、形容詞 副詞 　　大多數(shù)的形容詞、副詞都有三個(gè)等級(jí)： 原級(jí)：比較級(jí)： 比較...，更...一些 級(jí)： 最... 　　(A)1.構(gòu)成：(規(guī)則情況)情況 變 化 方 法 例 詞 　　單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞: 一般情況 加er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest 　　以字母e結(jié)尾 加r, st nice-nicer-nicest 　　重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí) 雙寫加er, est big-bigger-biggest 　　以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾 變y為i加er, est early-earlie

55、r-earliest 　　部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞 在詞前加more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly 　　2.不規(guī)則變化，須熟記： good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthest 　　bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least 　　(B)常見(jiàn)的使用情況 　　1.as … as … 和...一樣(中間用原級(jí)) 2.not as(so) … as 和...不一樣(中間用原級(jí)) 　　3… than …. ..比...(用比較級(jí))

56、 　　4.有范圍修飾的用級(jí) 如:in, of, among或用從句修飾的 　　eg.⑴Winter is the coldest season of the year. ⑵This is the best film that I have ever seen . 　　5.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí) 意為“越來(lái)越….eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful 　　6. The+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí) 越…...就越…... eg:The more, the better. 越多越好 　　(C)注意點(diǎn)：1.形容詞級(jí)前一定要用the,副詞級(jí)前可省略

57、。 　　2.可用much, a little, even, still等修飾比較級(jí)。 　　3.在比較級(jí)中為了避免重復(fù)，在than后常用one,that,those等詞來(lái)替代前面提到過(guò)的名詞。 　　eg:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. 　　(D)掌握三種同義句轉(zhuǎn)換： 　　1.He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest (student)in his class. 　　2.This film is less interesti

58、ng than that one. =This film isn`t as interesting as that one. =That film is more interesting than this one. 　　3.I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English. 　　Which do you like _____, fish, meat _____ eggs? A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D.better,and 　　此外，關(guān)于形容詞、副詞的內(nèi)容同學(xué)們還須掌握：

59、 　　1.形容詞修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)，跟在連系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ)。 　　2.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其它副詞 enough屬例外詞：形/副+enough to do enough+名詞 例如;She is old enough to go to school. 她夠上學(xué)的年齡了。 　　3.區(qū)別幾組易混淆的副詞: 也 too用于肯定、疑問(wèn)句 also 較為正式書(shū)面語(yǔ) either 用于否定句 已經(jīng) already 常用于肯定句、疑問(wèn)句 yet 常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句 　　不再 no (not any) longer 從時(shí)間上講 no (not any) more 從動(dòng)作上講 　　如此這樣 such

60、修飾名詞 eg: such a big bo- 　　so 修飾形容詞、副詞 eg: so big 單獨(dú)、獨(dú)自 alone 作表語(yǔ) =by oneself 孤獨(dú)的 lonely 可作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ) eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing ______ over there. (happy) 　　練習(xí)題 1.The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill. 　　A.Others B. Othe

61、r C. Another D.The other 　　2.There isn`t _____ in today`s newspaper. 　　A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important 　　3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister`s? 　　-No,Mum. It`s not ______. It`s ______. 　　A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D.he

62、rs, mine 　　4..The Changjiang River is the third __ river in the world. 　　A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest 　　5. An elephant is _____ than a horse. 　　A.more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong 　　6. Which do you like _____, tea, orange or water? 　　A.good B.Well C

63、. Better D. Best 　　一、介詞 　　1.與形容詞搭配的詞組有： be afraid of (怕) be angry with (生某人的氣) 　　be away from (不在某地) be different from (與…不同) 　　be good at (善于) be good/ bad for (對(duì)…有益/有害) be interested in (對(duì)…感興趣) be late for (遲到) be/get ready for (為作好準(zhǔn)備) be sure of (對(duì)…有把握) 　　be worried about (為…感到擔(dān)憂) 　　2.介詞后常用

64、人稱代詞賓格和動(dòng)詞-ing形式 　　1)You must take good care of her. 2)Thank you for teaching us so well. 　　3.幾組易混淆的介詞 　　A. “在...之后” in + 一段時(shí)間(用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)) 　　after + 一段時(shí)間(用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)) after + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間(常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)) 　　如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour. 　　The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit the

65、ir teacher after Friday. 　　B. for +一段時(shí)間 since +過(guò)去的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間 　　這兩者均用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，具體在時(shí)態(tài)部分，我會(huì)繼續(xù)向同學(xué)們講解。 　　C. be made of "用……制成" be made in “由某地制造”be made by somebody “由某人制成” 　　D. in, on, at表時(shí)間 in “在某月(季節(jié)、年)等” eg:in 1996, in January, in summer 　　固定詞組：in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end 　

66、　on "用于指具體的某一天或?qū)Ｖ改骋惶焐衔?、下午或晚上? 　　eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16 　　at “用于具體時(shí)刻前和某些固定詞組中” 　　固定詞組：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表時(shí)間里，下列情況下一般不用介詞。詞組里有：ne-t, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介詞 。 如:不能說(shuō) in tomorrow ,只能說(shuō) tomorrow 在明天 　　E. e-cept +賓格/doing something