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1、專題10 名詞和冠詞
【2020年】
1.(2020·新課標I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山),more so than the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名詞。句意:月球背面讓科學家尤其感興趣。根據(jù)空前的形容詞particular可知,空處應填名詞,interest是不可數(shù)名詞,be of interest to sb.意為
2、“(某物)使某人感興趣”。故填interest。
2.(2020·新課標I卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
【答案】將chopstick改為chopsticks
【解析】考查名詞復數(shù)。句意:下一步我把雞蛋打到一個碗里,然后用筷子快速攪拌。chopstick是可數(shù)名詞,意為“筷子”,通常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),故將chopstick改為chopsticks。
3.(2020·新課標II卷)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) markin
3、g the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名詞。句意:中國新年是一個慶祝冬天的結(jié)束和春天的開始。不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。故填celebration。
4.(2020·新課標II卷)Luckily,I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
【答案】將vacations改為vacation
【解析】考查不可數(shù)名詞。句意:幸運的是,兩周后我就要回家過暑假。分析句子,vacation譯為“假期”是個不可數(shù)名詞,后面
4、不可加s表示復數(shù)。Summer vacation 譯為“暑期”是固定搭配。故將vacations改為vacation。
5.(2020·新課標III卷)Filled with 64. (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【解析】考查名詞。句意:懷著好奇心,藝術家收拾行囊離開了。with為介詞,后跟名詞curiosity作賓語,表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
6. (2020·江蘇卷)The health security systems of many countries are under
5、going considerable ______.
A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:許多國家的衛(wèi)生安全系統(tǒng)正在經(jīng)歷重大變革。A. reservation預訂;B. transformation改革,變革;C. distinction區(qū)別;D. submission提交。根據(jù)前文The health security systems可知,此處指“衛(wèi)生安全系統(tǒng)的變革”。故選B。
7.(2020·山東卷)Historical 44. (accurate
6、) is important but so is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【解析】考查名詞。句意:歷史的準確性很重要,但娛樂也很重要。此處做主語,位于形容詞historical之后,應使用名詞,意為“歷史的準確性”。故填accuracy。
8.(2020·浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the 62. (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, 63(making) (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)
7、their fields.
【答案】seasons
【解析】考查名詞復數(shù)。句意:后來,他們學會了因地制宜,在適當?shù)臅r間播種,在干旱地區(qū),利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子,提示詞的詞性為為可數(shù)名詞,應用復數(shù)形式。故填seasons。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江蘇卷】Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意:
8、當今,旅行的重點從購物轉(zhuǎn)變成了品嘗美食和欣賞風景。A. priority優(yōu)先;優(yōu)先權;B. potential潛在的,可能的;C. proportion比例,占比;D. pension退休金,撫恤金。故選A。
2.【2019·天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我們能
9、夠看到人工智能在許多方面已經(jīng)對我們的生活產(chǎn)生了強烈的影響。 statement“陳述說明”; impact“強烈的影響,沖擊力”; impression“印象,感想”; judgement“判斷力判斷”。故選B。
3.【2019·新課標I卷】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six are (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指,意為“在已知的1
10、9個北極熊亞種群中”,故填the。
4【2019·新課標I卷】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.
【解析】考查冠詞。名詞football為可數(shù)名詞,前邊需要有限定詞。這里football第一次出現(xiàn),故在football前加a;考查連詞。句意:突然一個足球落在我前邊并且差點打到我?!白闱蚵湎聛怼迸c“打到我”兩個動作是順承關系,不是轉(zhuǎn)折關系。故將but改為and。
5.【20
11、19·浙江卷】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:每個人都穿相同風格的衣服。same是形容詞,意思是“相同的”,常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。
【2018年】
1.【2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order
12、
C. possibility D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命這種可能性總是激勵科學家們?nèi)ヌ剿魍獠靠臻g。A. advice建議;B. order命令;C. possibility可能性;D. invitation邀請。故選C。
2. 【2018·新課標卷I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day o
13、f running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名詞復數(shù)。一項研究表明,僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步,就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復數(shù)形式。故填causes。
3. 【2018·新課標卷I】During my last winter holiday,I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
【答案】countryside前加the
14、考查冠詞。去年寒假,我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉(xiāng)下,故加定冠詞the。
【解析】countryside前加the 考查冠詞。去年寒假,我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉(xiāng)下,故加定冠詞the。
4. 【2018·新課標卷II】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7 percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長了近125%,而大米只增長了7%。故是特指在
15、過去的25年里。故填the。
5. 【2018·新課標卷III】Unexpectedly,I'm face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。此處為固定短語at the top of,此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
6. 【2018·新課標卷III】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a
16、___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】根據(jù)語境可知,我是一名科學家。scientist科學家。
7. 【2018·浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名詞。此處指中國菜,表示泛指應該用名詞復數(shù),故填dishes。
17、
8. 【2018·浙江卷】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名詞。此處指體重問題,用名詞修飾problems,故填weight。
【2017年】
1. 【2017·新課標卷I】As 65 result,people will eat more food to try to make u
18、p for that something missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠詞。固定短語as a result表示"結(jié)果"。句意:結(jié)果,人們將吃更多的食物去彌補損失的東西。故填a。
2. 【2017·新課標卷II 】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.
【答案】crowds
【解析】考查名詞復數(shù)。因為crowd為可數(shù)名詞,并且其前
19、沒有限定詞,所以此處用其復數(shù)形式。
3. 【2017·新課標卷II 】This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。此處指的是在頂端建造一個結(jié)實的頂,所以在 top前加the。
【2016年】
1.【2016·浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time ,as late payments may affect your __
20、____.
A. condition B. income C. credit D. status
【答案】C
【解析】句意:準時付電費很重要,因為付晚了會影響你的信用。condition條件;income收入;credit學分,信用(卡);status地位。根據(jù)句意故選C。
2.【2016·天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect B. sense
21、 C. change D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】句意:天氣預報說今天會是多云,后半夜可能有雨。A.影響;B.感覺;C.改變;D.機會,可能性。故選D。
3.【2016·浙江】______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.
A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a
【答案】D
【解析】句意:這個比賽獲勝者的獎品是一個巴黎的兩個星期的假期。第一空填the,是
22、特指“獲勝者的獎品”,用定冠詞,第二空是泛指“一個兩周的假期”,用不定冠詞a。故選A。
4.【2016·江蘇】 — Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full,definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。recipe秘訣,食譜,藥方;record記錄;range范圍;receipt收據(jù),收條。根據(jù)句意可知A項"秘訣"符合題意。