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A land of diversity,Unit 1,Section Ⅰ Warming up; Prereading, Reading & Comprehending,Unit 1,Ⅰ.詞匯過關(guān) 1．音意記憶。 (1)________(n.)大多數(shù)；大半 (2)________(n.)苦難；困苦 (3)____________(n.)百分比；百分率 (4)________(n.)(人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮 (vi.)處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期,majority,hardship,percentage,boom,2．形意記憶。 (1)distinct(adj.)清晰的；明顯的，明確的→_________(n.)差別；區(qū)分；卓著 (2)elect(vt.)選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→________(n.)選舉 (3)race(n.)種族→________(adj.)人種的；種族的,distinction,election,racial,Ⅱ.短語自查 1．live on_____________________ 2．by means of._____________________ 3．be forced into slavery_______________ 4．gain independence from____________________ 5．in addition______________ 6．向……宣戰(zhàn)_________________ 7．習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等______________ 8．堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)______________ 9．在20世紀(jì)初期________________________________ 10．是……的故鄉(xiāng)，是……的棲息地________________,繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存,用……辦法；借助……,被迫成為奴隸,脫離……而獲得獨(dú)立,此外,declare war on.,make a life,keep up,at the beginning of the 20th century,become/be home to,Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 1．________ your answers ________ other groups. 把你們的答案和其他組加以比較。 2．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, ___________________________________________________. 加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國最具多元文化的一個(gè)州，它吸引了來自世界各地的人們。,3．Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush period, ________ the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast ________ brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. 雖然中國移民在淘金熱時(shí)期就開始來到美國，但是更大批量的中國移民都是在19世紀(jì)60年代為了修建貫穿美國東西海岸的鐵路而來的。 答案：1.Compare with 2.having attracted people from all over the world 3.it was that,Ⅳ.語篇理解 Read the text CALIFORNIA and judge True or False. 1．California is the largest state in the USA and has the largest population. ( ) 2．The Native Americans were treated well after the arrival of the Europeans.( ) 3．Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men.( ) 4．In the early 1800s，Russians began settling in California.( ),5．In 1848, before the AmericanMexican war, gold was discovered in California.( ) 6．During the Gold Rush Period, many achieved their dream of becoming rich.( ) 7．California became the thirtyfirst fderal state of the United States of America in 1850.( ) 8．In the late 19th century, Chinese immigrants arrived in California.( ) 答案：1－5.FFTTF 6－8.FTF,pare (v.) (1)～A and B|～A with/to B 比較；對比 It is interesting to compare their situation and/with ours. 把他們的狀況與我們的相比很有意思。 (2)～with/to sb./sth.與……類似(或相似) This school compares with the best in the country. 這所學(xué)?？膳c全國最好的學(xué)校媲美。 (3)～A to B 表明……與……相似；將……比作…… A teachers work is often compared to a candle. 教師的工作常被比作蠟燭。,知識拓展 (1)compare notes(with sb.)(與……)交換看法(或意見等) He is now comparing notes with his coworkers about the job. 他現(xiàn)在就工作問題正與同事交換意見。 (2)beyond/without/past compare 無與倫比；舉世無雙 She is lovely beyond compare. 她真是可愛得無與倫比。 (3)compared to/with 與……相比(在句中擔(dān)任狀語) Compared with/to our parents, we are indeed very fortunate. 與我們的父輩相比，我們確實(shí)很幸運(yùn)。,比較網(wǎng)站 compare和contrast,Compare this with that, and you will see which is better. 將這個(gè)與那個(gè)比較一下，你就會(huì)知道哪個(gè)比較好了。 Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises. 她的行動(dòng)與她的諾言有天壤之別。,活學(xué)活用 (1)Michaels new house is like a huge palace，________with his old one. A．comparing B．compares C．to compare D．compared 答案：D 句意：與舊房子相比，邁克爾的新房子看起來就像是一座大宮殿。compared to/with表示“與……相比”，在句中擔(dān)任狀語。,(2)When________prices, one has to take into consideration the quality of the goods. A．compared B．being compared C．comparing D．having compared 答案：C 句意：衡量價(jià)格時(shí)，也應(yīng)該考慮商品的質(zhì)量問題。本題考查狀語從句的省略，其完整形式為：When one is comparing prices，.,2．range (n.) (1)[C, usually sing.]～(of sth.)一系列 There is a full range of activities for children. 這里有給孩子們提供的各種活動(dòng)。 (2)[C, usually sing.](變動(dòng)或浮動(dòng)的)范圍，界限，區(qū)域 Several cars are available within this price range. 在這個(gè)價(jià)格范圍內(nèi)，有好幾種汽車可供選購。 (3)[C&U]視覺(或聽覺)范圍 It came within my range of vision. 該物體進(jìn)入了我的視野。,(4)[C&U] 射程；射擊距離 The gun has a range of five miles. 這炮的射程為五英里。 (5)[C] 山脈 Im lucky enough to have a chance of admiring the view of the great mountain range of the Alps. 我非常幸運(yùn)能有機(jī)會(huì)欣賞雄偉的阿爾卑斯山脈景色。,知識拓展 (1)within/in range(of sth.)在可及的范圍內(nèi)，在視覺(或聽覺)范圍內(nèi) He shouted angrily at anyone within range. 他看見誰，就對誰吼叫。 (2)out of range(of sth.)超出……的范圍；在視覺(或聽覺)范圍以外 The cat stayed well out of range of the children. 這只貓離孩子們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的。,活學(xué)活用 (1)補(bǔ)全句子 ——你能擊中樹梢上的那只鳥嗎？ —Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree? ——擊不中，它在射程之外。 —No，its________ ________ ________. 答案：out of range,(2)This restaurant has become popular for its wide________of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. A．division B．a(chǎn)rea C．range D．circle 答案：C 句意：這家餐廳越來越出名，因?yàn)樗鼮楦黝惾巳禾峁┝硕嘣氖澄?。a wide range of表示“各式各樣的”。,3．illustrate (v.) (1)～sth.(with sth.)加插圖于；給(書等)作圖表 This English textbook is well illustrated. 這本英語教科書有精美的插圖。 (2)(用示例、圖畫等)說明、解釋 He illustrated his point by relating his own experiences. 他用自己的經(jīng)歷說明了他的觀點(diǎn)。,活學(xué)活用 (1)The teacher wrote an example on the blackboard to________the point. A．illustrate B．suggest C．express D．recognize 答案：A 句意：老師在黑板上寫了個(gè)實(shí)例來舉例說明這個(gè)要點(diǎn)。illustrate表示“舉例說明”。,(2)The teacher________the history lesson with pictures of castles. A．taught B．illustrated C．showed D．a(chǎn)ddressed 答案：B 句意：教師利用城堡圖畫講解歷史課。illustrate sth. with/by sth.表示“用……說明、解釋……”。注意，teach sb. a lesson表示“教訓(xùn)某人一頓”；例如：The accident taught me a lesson Ill never forget. 那次事故給我的教訓(xùn)永遠(yuǎn)也不能忘記。,4．distinction (n.) (1)[C]～(between A and B) 差別；區(qū)別；對比 I cant see any distinction between these two cases. 我看不出這兩個(gè)案例有什么不同。 (2)[U] 優(yōu)秀；杰出；卓越 He is a writer of real distinction. 他是一位真正才智超群的作家。 (3)[U] 區(qū)分；分清；辨別 The new law makes no distinction between adults and children. 這項(xiàng)新法規(guī)對成人和孩子同樣適用。,知識拓展 (1)draw/make a distinction between 對……加以區(qū)別 without distinction 無差別地， 一視同仁地 (2)distinct adj.截然不同的；清楚的；明白的；明顯的 be distinct in.from. 在某方面與……不同 (3)distinguish v．區(qū)分；辨別；成為……的特征 be distinguished from不同于； 與……加以區(qū)別 distinguish oneself(as.)使自己與眾不同； 使自己出名；使自己受人青睞,①Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other. 這兩個(gè)建議截然不同。 ②There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English. 你的英語口語有明顯的進(jìn)步。 ③What was it that distinguished her from her classmates? 是什么使得她有別于班上的其他同學(xué)？ ④We should make a distinction between right and wrong. 我們應(yīng)該分清是非。 ⑤He is fair to us without distinction. 他對我們一視同仁，毫無區(qū)別。,⑥Silk is distinct from rayon in every respect. 在各個(gè)方面真絲跟人造絲截然不同。 ⑦Job enrichment should be distinguished from job enlargement. 工作豐富化和工作擴(kuò)大化應(yīng)加以區(qū)分。,活學(xué)活用 (1)補(bǔ)全句子 班長在考試中成績優(yōu)異，因而顯得突出。 The monitor________ ________by his performance in the examination. 答案：distinguished himself,(2)(原創(chuàng))This new suggestion is a/an ________ improvement from the one I originally made. A．different B．distinct C．various D．precise 答案：B 句意：這個(gè)新建議比我原來提出的有顯著的改進(jìn)。distinct表示“明顯的”。,5．means n．手段；方法(單復(fù)數(shù)相同) Thoughts are expressed by means of words. 思想是通過語言來表達(dá)的。 知識拓展 by every means 用一切辦法 by all means當(dāng)然行；沒問題 by any means 無論如何 by this means用這種方法 by on means 決不；一點(diǎn)也不(＝not a bit/at all若放句首要部分倒裝),①There is no means of getting there. 沒有辦法可以到達(dá)那兒。 ②There is no doubt that telephone is an important means of communication. 毫無疑問，電話是交流的一個(gè)重要工具。,溫馨提示 (1)by no means放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝語序。 By no means am I satisfied with my present income. 我對目前的收入一點(diǎn)也不滿意。 (2)means用作“方式；方法”時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形。若是all means作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若是every/a means作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 All possible means have been tried，but not a means has worked. 所有可能的方法都嘗試過了，但是沒有一種方法奏效。,比較網(wǎng)站 means，way，method，approach,活學(xué)活用 (1)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 ①The farmers thought of ways________protect/________ protecting their trees. ②People can communicate with each other________means of the Internet. ③Each of them suggested a different approach________the problem. ④I guess he will carry out his new plan________this method. 答案：①to；of ②by ③to ④with,(2)—Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games? —________. Ours is much stronger than theirs. A．Of course B．It depends C．Dont mention it D．By no means 答案：D by no means“絕不”；it depends“看情況而定”。,6．majority n．大多數(shù)，大半 ①For the majority of students, the only connection between high schools and universities is the national college entrance exam. 對于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說，高中和大學(xué)之間的唯一聯(lián)系就是高考。 ②The majority of migrant workers have no city hukou and find it hard to fit in with urban life. 大多數(shù)農(nóng)民工沒有城市戶口，很難適應(yīng)城市生活。 ③The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 大多數(shù)人贊成這個(gè)建議。 ④Young women are in the majority in the fashion industry. 年輕女性在時(shí)裝業(yè)中占多數(shù)。,名師點(diǎn)津 “the majority of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the majority作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。 知識拓展 the majority of 大多數(shù)…… by/with a majority 以多數(shù)，大半 be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多數(shù) a majority over sb. 超過某人的票數(shù),圖解助記 圖解majority及其相關(guān)詞,,活學(xué)活用 (1)The majority of children in our class________brown eyes; only three have blue eyes. A．have B．has C．is D．a(chǎn)re 答案：A 句意：我們班大多數(shù)孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三個(gè)是藍(lán)眼睛?！皌he majority of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”在句中擔(dān)任主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the majority擔(dān)任主語，謂語動(dòng)詞采用單復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。,(2)Onethird of the country ________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______ black people. A．is; are B．is; is C．a(chǎn)re; are D．a(chǎn)re; is 答案：A 考查主謂一致。句意：這個(gè)國家的森林覆蓋面積占國土面積的三分之一，并且大多數(shù)市民都是黑人。the majority of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,7．elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人 ①She elected an art course because she was interested in art. 因?yàn)樗龑λ囆g(shù)感興趣，所以選擇了藝術(shù)課。 ②Like men，women have the right to elect and to be elected. 婦女享有同男子平等的選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)。,知識拓展 elect to do sth.決定做某事 elect sb.as選舉某人當(dāng)…… election n．選舉 We wonder who will win the next election. 我們都想知道下屆選舉誰會(huì)獲勝。,比較網(wǎng)站 elect，choose和select,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 他決定當(dāng)醫(yī)生。 He________ ________ ________a doctor. 答案：elected to be,(2)A new national leadership，with both President Xi and Premier Li，________by the National Peoples Congress. A．has been elected B．elected C．was elected D．had been elected 答案：C 句意：全國人民代表大會(huì)選出了以習(xí)主席和李總理為首的新一代國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。leadership與elect之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)該事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,8．percentage n．百分比；百分率 a percentage of后接名詞時(shí)，其后面謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與所接名詞相符合。 ①What percentage of the earth is covered by oceans? 地球的百分之幾被海洋覆蓋著？ ②What percentage of the students were absent? 缺席的學(xué)生占百分之幾？,知識拓展 the percentage of. ……的百分比，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The percentage of the students who are admitted to universities is 70%. 被大學(xué)錄取的學(xué)生的百分比是70%。,比較網(wǎng)站 percent和percentage,活學(xué)活用 (1)選詞填空(percentage/percent) ①90________of work has been finished. ②A high________of skilled workers are women workers in the factory. 答案：①percent ②percentage,(2)________percentage of the population died in the earthquake of Ludian? A．How much B．How many C．What D．How 答案：C 考查percentage的用法。句意：魯?shù)榈卣鹬兴懒硕嗌偃耍縫ercentage常與特殊疑問詞what連用，故選C。,1.live on 繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存 ①Our government took measures to make this custom live on. 我們的政府采取措施使這個(gè)風(fēng)俗延續(xù)下去。 ②She died ten years ago but her memory lives on. 她十年前就去世了，但她卻留在人們的記憶中。,知識拓展 live on sth.以……為食；靠……生活 live for 為……而活著 live up to 達(dá)到；符合；不辜負(fù) live with sth.忍受某事 live out 實(shí)踐；實(shí)現(xiàn) live through sth.經(jīng)歷(災(zāi)難或其他困境)而幸存 ①We will live up to what our parents expect of us. 我們絕不辜負(fù)父母對我們的期望。,②I had to learn to live with the pain. 我不得不學(xué)會(huì)忍受痛苦。 ③He has lived through two world wars. 他經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。 活學(xué)活用 (1)The operation turned out to be very successful, and the old man________for another ten years. A．stayed up B．went through C．kept up D．lived on,答案：D live on為固定用法，意思是“繼續(xù)生存”。stay up為“熬夜”；keep up意為“維持，保持”；go through意為“經(jīng)歷”。句意為“那次手術(shù)證明很成功，那位老人又活了十年”。,(2)Some famous singers________the income from record sales. A．turn on B．sit on C．count out D．live on 答案：D live on sth.在句中為“靠……生活”的意思，符合題意。turn on“打開”；sit on“坐在……上”；count out“逐一地?cái)?shù)”。句意為“一些著名的歌手靠唱片銷售的收入來維持生活”。,2．make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生 ①M(fèi)r. Bob made a life by selling newspapers. 鮑勃先生靠賣報(bào)為生。 ②They went to the West and decided to make a life there. 他們?nèi)チ宋鞑康貐^(qū)，決定去適應(yīng)新生活。 ③If you get, you make a living; if you pay, you make a life. 如果你工作上想獲得，你是在謀生；如果你工作上想付出，你是在生活。 ④The young couple moved to the nearby city to make a life there. 這對年輕的夫婦搬到附近的城市去適應(yīng)新的生活。,知識拓展 life相關(guān)短語： ①come to life 突然蘇醒；突然開始工作；突然變得活躍 ②live/lead a． life 過著……的生活 ③come back to life 蘇醒過來；恢復(fù)生氣 ④full of life 充滿生氣 ⑤start/make a new life 開始新生活 ⑥bring sb./sth. (back) to life 給某人/事物以活力；使復(fù)活 ⑦lay down ones life (for sb./sth.) 為……獻(xiàn)身；犧牲生命 ⑧take ones (own) life: commit suicide 自殺,⑨put an end to ones life: kill oneself 自殺 ⑩lose ones life 失去生命 活學(xué)活用 完成句子 (1)They settled down in China and________for themselves. 我們在中國定居，習(xí)慣了新的生活方式。 (2)The new teacher really__________for us. 新來的教師給我們把法語進(jìn)得生動(dòng)活潑。 答案：①made a life ②brought French to life,3．keep up堅(jiān)持；維持；使不低落；繼續(xù)；持續(xù)；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) ①The good news keeps our spirits up. 好消息使我們情緒高漲。 ②Nobody knows how long the drought will keep up. 沒有人知道干旱將持續(xù)多長時(shí)間。 ③Keep up your courage! 鼓足勇氣！ ④People there still keep up old customs. 那兒的人們?nèi)匀谎匾u古老的風(fēng)俗。,知識拓展 keep up your courage/the old customs保持勇氣/舊的傳統(tǒng) keep up your spirits打起精神 keep up with跟上，不落后 keep it up保持優(yōu)異成績，繼續(xù)干下去 keep to sth遵守，信守 keep away from避開；遠(yuǎn)離 keep off勿踩；勿踏,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 ①The police warned the people around to________ ________ ________(不要靠近)the burning building. ②Things will only work out if we all________ ________the plan. 只有大家執(zhí)行計(jì)劃，事情才能成功。 答案：①keep away from ②keep to,(2)Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage. A. hold up B. keep up C. set up D. take up 答案：B 本題考查短語動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：獨(dú)自走在黑暗中，這個(gè)男孩吹著口哨來保持勇氣。hold up舉起， 抬起， 拿起 ；支持， 支撐， 承受住，支持住；攔住， 使停頓， 耽擱 ；keep up (使)不倒下， (使)不下沉 ；保持在高水準(zhǔn)上 ；跟上， 趕上；保持不衰退；set up 建起，搭起；take up拿起；抱起 ，占去。根據(jù)句意，B項(xiàng)正確。,1.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加利福尼亞是美國的第三大州，卻是人口最多的州。 (1)the third largest是序數(shù)詞修飾最高級，意為“第三大”。形容詞或副詞的最高級前面可用序數(shù)詞修飾，表示“第幾大/長……”。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黃河是中國第二長河。,one of the/among the＋最高級＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“最……之一”。 China is one of the oldest countries in the world. 中國是世界上最古老的國家之一。 Paris is among the biggest cities in the world. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。 (2)句中的population意為“人口”，還可指“全體居民”。 population作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，但表示“population”中的一部分“成員”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,The population is increasing at about 6% per year. 人口以每年約6%的速度增長。 The entire population of the town was at the meeting. 全鎮(zhèn)的居民都出席了集會(huì)。 The population of Australia is more than two thousand million. 澳大利亞的人口大約是2000多萬。 One third of the population of this country are farmers. 這個(gè)國家三分之一的人口是農(nóng)民。,知識拓展 ①表示某一地區(qū)“有多少人口”用have a population of。 ②表示某一地區(qū)“人口多或少”用large/small，不用many/few。 ③問某一地區(qū)“有多少人口”用What is the population of.？/How large is the population of.?,活學(xué)活用 (1)Do you know what is ________ river? A．Africas second longest B．the Africas second longest C．the second Africas longest D．Africas the second longest 答案：A 句意：你知道非洲第二長河是什么河嗎？形容詞最高級前有名詞所有格Africas修飾，故不加定冠詞the。,(2)The population of Jiangsu ________ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. A．has grown B．have grown C．grew D．a(chǎn)re growing 答案：A 本題考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。人口作為一個(gè)整體作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)句意可知江蘇的人口不斷增長，是1949年的兩倍多，因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,2．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州的與眾不同之處也在于它是美國最具多元文化特征的一個(gè)州，它吸引了來自世界各地的人們。 having attracted people from all over the world為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式擔(dān)任后置定語，修飾名詞state，其作用相當(dāng)于非限制性定語從句which has attracted people from all over the world。分詞作定語可分為限制性(緊跟在所修飾的詞之后)和非限制性(用逗號與其所修飾的詞分開)兩種，其作用相當(dāng)于限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。,①The funds(which/that have been)raised are mainly used for helping the homeless. 籌集的資金主要用于幫助那些無家可歸者。 ②The children(who needed)needing medical attention were sent to the nearest hospital immediately. 需要醫(yī)療護(hù)理的孩子們立即被送進(jìn)了最近的醫(yī)院。 ③This book，(which is)written in simple English, is suitable for beginners to read. 這本書是使用淺顯的英文寫的，適合初學(xué)者閱讀。 ④This new book，(which deals with)dealing with West Africa, was written by professor Smith. 這是關(guān)于西非的一本新書，是史密斯教授寫作的。,活學(xué)活用 (1)(2013山東)________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. A．Having eaten B．To eat C．Eat D．Eating 答案：A 本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：Tina以前去過這家餐廳，她不想再到那兒吃飯。此處是非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞before可知，此處表示以前的動(dòng)作，而且與句子的主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)。,(2)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①________(know)the situation well，they dealt with the problem easily. ②________(see)the film twice，I decided to go to the party instead. 答案：①Having known ②Having seen,3．Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具體是在什么時(shí)候來到我們現(xiàn)在稱之為加利福尼亞的地區(qū)的，誰也說不清楚。 (1)本句是主從復(fù)合句，其中主句是no one really knows, when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句。本句可寫成：No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California. (2)what we now know as California是一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，作arrive in的賓語。,知識拓展 ①名詞性從句中what與that的區(qū)別： that在名詞性從句中不作成分；what在句中作成分。 What he said sounds reasonable.(what作said的賓語) That our team has won the game has been proved.(That在主語從句中不作成分),②名詞性從句中what與which的區(qū)別： 指代前文已經(jīng)提到過的對象或范圍時(shí)，用which，否則用what。 There are many books available. I dont know which to read.(which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本) What book do you want to buy？(前文沒有提及買什么書或哪一類書),活學(xué)活用 (1)(2013北京)________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A．That B．What C．Who D．Which 答案：B 本題考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：使這本書與眾不同的是作者的有創(chuàng)造性的想象力。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，________ makes the book so extraordinary為主語從句，從句缺少主語，要用what引導(dǎo)。that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，僅僅起連接作用，不作句子成分，但是不能省略；who指人；which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)與what的區(qū)別在于它為特指，而what為泛指。故正確答案為B。,(2)Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter ________you have lived there for a short or a long time. A. why B. how C. whether D. when 答案：C 考查名詞性從句。句意：村子里的人都很友好，所以你住在那里時(shí)間長還是短都沒關(guān)系。it是形式主語，真正主語是whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。,4．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。 It is likely that.“很有可能……”，it是形式主語，that從句是真正的主語。 本句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為Sb./Sth.be likely to do.“某人/某物可能干某事”。,It is likely that the weather will be fine. ＝The weather is likely to be fine. 天氣可能會(huì)很晴朗。 Its likely that she will ring me tonight. ＝Shes very likely to ring me tonight. 她今晚很可能給我打電話。 知識拓展 likely可與most，very，quite等連用。 His attempt will be most likely to succeed. 他的嘗試很有可能會(huì)成功。,比較網(wǎng)站 likely，possible，probable,活學(xué)活用 (1)用likely，possible，probable完成句子 ①They are________to be angry with him. ②I will do everything________to help you. ③The home team，far ahead，is the________winner. 答案：①likely ②possible ③probable,(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換 You are likely to have forgotten all about it. ________________________________________________ 答案：It is likely that you have forgotten all about it.,5．In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. 此外，歐洲人帶來了疾病，使許多人染病而死。 (1)本句是一個(gè)簡單句，過去分詞短語brought by the Europeans作后置定語修飾diseases。過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)通常后置，而單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語時(shí)通常放在被修飾的名詞之前。 Whats the language spoken in that area? 那個(gè)地區(qū)講的是什么語言？ They decided to change the used material. 他們決定改變所用的材料。,(2)本句中in addition意為“此外”，在句中作狀語。 A new security system was installed. In addition, extra guards were hired. 新的安全系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)安裝。此外，還多雇了一些保安。 When Diane fell, she hurt her arm and, in addition, broke her glasses. 黛安妮摔倒時(shí)，摔傷了胳膊，還摔壞了眼鏡。 In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience. 課程除了對電腦知識作一般介紹外，還提供實(shí)際操作的機(jī)會(huì)。,(3)die from死于(事故、災(zāi)難等外因) His grandfather died from an earthquake. 他爺爺死于地震。 Her uncle died from a traffic accident. 她叔叔死于一起交通事故。,圖解助記,,活學(xué)活用 (1)________the names on the list there are six other applicants. A．In common with B．In addition to C．Compared to D．Except for 答案：B 句意：除此名單上的名字之外， 還有六個(gè)申請人。in addition(to sb./sth.)表示“除……以外(還……)”。,(2)(2013陜西)The witnesses ________ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. A．questioned B．being questioned C．to be questioned D．having questioned 答案：A 本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：被詢問的目擊者們剛才對打架給出了不同的描述。分析句子成分可知question作the witnesses的定語，兩者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又“目擊者是被詢問過的”；作定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞中，既表示被動(dòng)又表示完成意義的，要用過去分詞形式。故選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)表示“正在被詢問”，C項(xiàng)表示“將要被詢問”，D項(xiàng)表示主動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)完成，皆不合題意。,(3)翻譯句子 ①越來越多的人死于癌癥。 ________________________________________________ ②車禍?zhǔn)芎θ艘騻劳觥?________________________________________________ 答案：①M(fèi)ore and more people die of cancer. ②The accident victim died from injuries.,6．However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. 不過，還是有一些人挺過了這些恐怖時(shí)期而活下來了。今天住在加利福尼亞的美洲土著人比其他任何州的都要多。 (1)本句中and連接兩個(gè)并列分句。現(xiàn)在分詞短語living in.作定語修飾Native Americans。There be sb. doing sth.表示“有某人在做某事”，相當(dāng)于sb. be doing sth.。注意v.ing形式在此作定語。,There are about 25,000 RussianAmericans living in and around San Francisco. 有25000左右的俄裔美國人居住在舊金山或其周圍。 There are already people wondering whether we should fight for the right of robots and machines. 已經(jīng)有人在想我們是否應(yīng)該為機(jī)器人和機(jī)器爭取權(quán)利而戰(zhàn)。,(2)本句中survive為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“挺過”；survive作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)還可表示“比……活得時(shí)間長”。此外survive還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“生存，存活，繼續(xù)存在”。 She is the only person who survived the explosion. 在那次爆炸中她是唯一活下來的人。 She survived her husband by ten years. 丈夫死后她又活了十年。,名師點(diǎn)津 surv