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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit3第7課時（文化背景知識）教案 新人教版選修8 I. 語法: 過去分詞作定語 1. 過去分詞作定語既可以放在所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語，也可以放在所修飾的詞后面，作后置定語。表示被動和完成意義,其作用相當于一個定語從句。例如： Where are the reserved seats? (=Where are the seats which have been reserved?) 預定的座位在哪里？ The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受傷的工人現(xiàn)正在醫(yī)院受到很好的照料。 We needed much more qualified workers. 我們需要更多合格的工人。 My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是個歸國留學生。 2. 過去分詞作后置定語可分為限制性（緊跟在所修飾的中心詞之后）和非限制性（用逗號與其所修飾的中心詞分開）兩種，其作用分別相當于一個限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。例如： The funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless. 籌集的資金主要用來幫助那些無家可歸的人。 He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是個很受學生愛戴的老師。 Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? 昨晚被邀請參加你的晚會的那些所謂的客人是誰呀? This book, written (= which is written) in simple English, is suitable for beginners. 本書是用淺顯的英語寫的，適合初學者。 The student dressed in white is my daughter. =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的學生是我的女兒。 3. 過去分詞常和形容詞、副詞或名詞構成合成形容詞作定語。例如： The newly-built building is our office building. 這座新建的大樓是我們的辦公樓。 This is a state-owned factory. 這是一家國營工廠。 This is our school-run factory. 這是我們的校辦工廠。 4. 有些不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，并不表示被動的意思而是表示完成。這類過去分詞常作前置修飾語。例如： There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 秋天有許多落葉。 The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man. 這部電影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。 常用的這一類詞有：fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等。 5. 如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所構成的復合代詞或指示代詞those等時，即使一個單一的分詞作形容詞用，也要放在被修飾詞的后面。例如： Is there anything unsolved? 還有沒解決的問題嗎？ There is noting changed here since I left this town. 自從我離開這個城鎮(zhèn)以來，幾乎沒有什么變化。 6. 過去分詞作定語時與定語從句的關系： (1) 及物動詞的過去分詞可改為動詞為被動形式的定語從句。 lost time—time which is lost a well-known writer—a writer who is well- known a beaten team—a team which is beaten (2) 部分不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時可改為動詞為完成式或動詞為表示狀態(tài)的定語從句。 a returned soldier—a soldier who has returned retired workers—workers who have retired a learned man—a man who is of much learning a sunken ship—a ship which has sunk [練習] 1. First he made a list of the names of those ______. Then he began to write the invitation cards. A. invited B. being invited C. to be invited D. having been invited 2. The first textbooks _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 3. This method, ______ in areas near Shanghai, ______ in a marked rise in total production. A. trying; resulting B. tried; resulted C. trying; resulted D. tried; resulting 4. The Olympic Games, _____ in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing 5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door , _____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 6. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hang D. being hung 7. Next he is going to write a science story about outer space _____ by Science and Technology Press. A. published B. being published C. to be published D. publishing 8. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____. A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars 9. The Yellow River, ______ to be “the mother river”, runs across China like a huge dragon. A. saying B. to say C. said D. being said 10. The _____ boy was last seen _____ near the East Lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play Key: 1-5 CDBAD 6-10 BCDCA II. 文化背景知識 Invention Year of Invention Inventor Air Conditioning 1902 Willis Carrier Apple Lisa puter 1983 Apple Atomic Bomb 1945 J. Robert Oppenheimer leading the Manhattan Project team. Ball-Point Pen 1938 Ladislo Biro Mobile/Cellular Phones 1947/1979 Multi Modern puters 1936-present Multi puter Game 1962 MIT Steve Russell puter Mouse 1964 Douglas Engelbart Electric Chair 1888 Thomas Edison Drive-In Movie Theater 1933 Richard M. Hollingshead Fiber Optics 1854-1970 Maurer, Keck, Schultz Multi - Tyndall, Bell, Wheeler “Floppy” Disk 1971 IBM Alan Shugart Fountain Pen 1884 Lewis Edson Waterman Multi Internet 1969 Microsoft MS-DOS 1981 Microsoft Neon 1902 Georges Claude Network puting 1973 Robert Metcalf Xerox Robots 1921-1956 Multi Word Processors 1960s to 79 Multi Yo-Yo 1929 Multi Zippe 1851-1917 Gideon Sundback Whitb Judson III. The Invention Convention Steps for Students Can you invent something? Can you think of an idea or invention that will help people? Read the five steps below. They will help you to bee an inventor. Then bring your idea or invention to the Invention Convention. Step 1 Learning about Inventors Learn about inventors. Read about them in books. Talk to people about them. Step 2 Finding an Idea Think about something people need in order to make life better. Talk to people about something they would like to be changed. Then tell your teacher about it on a special sheet of paper called “My New Idea.” Step 3 Research and Planning Use your plan to make an invention. Or write about how your invention would help to solve a problem. Be sure to follow science safety rules when you make an invention. Step 4 Developing and Testing Test your invention or your plan. Make sure it works and is safe to use. Tell about your invention. You may want to draw a picture of it. Use the sheet called My Invention. Step 5 Attending the Invention Convention Get your invention or plan ready for the Invention Convention. Try to make it look as good as you can. Learn all you can about how it works and what it is good for. Bring it to the Invention Convention. Be ready to answer questions.