2019-2020年高三英語學法指導與語法難點四人教版.doc
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2019-2020年高三英語學法指導與語法難點四人教版 一、如何學習英語語法 英語語法亦即英語的語言法則,是英語語言特點的反映。中國人學英語不能采取英美人學英語的方法,因為與英文差別極大的中文在我們的頭腦中已深深扎根了。適當研究英語語法,對比兩種語言的差異,就能使我們更快更好地掌握英語的特點,從而迅速提高英語聽說讀寫的能力。對鉆研語法,高三學生不要有什么懷疑,這不單是為了應試,也是為今后向更高層次發(fā)展打基礎。建議在學習語法時注意以下幾點: 1.弄清知識網絡。英語語法可分為兩部分,即詞法和句法。詞法研究十大詞類(名,代,數(shù),冠,形,副,介,連,動,感嘆)。句法研究關于句子的六項知識(如各種從句,主謂一致等)。兩個附加部分是語音知識和構詞法。 2.關于動詞的知識是重點的知識。 3.記住語法規(guī)則,背會例句。學語法光懂了不行,必須得會用,而會用的前提則是背會反映這一規(guī)則的例句。可以說,沒有死背,就沒有活用。 4. 在使用英語的實踐中學習語法。平時要把主要的時間花在英語的聽說讀寫上,在使用中體會語法規(guī)則,在使用中加深理解,在使用中融會貫通。If you are always sensitive, you will be exact in English. 5. 做題有好處。單項填空,改錯等都可以強化對語法規(guī)則的掌握。但不可過量。學英語的主要時間還是應該花在不斷地聽說讀寫上。 6. 英語語法并不能解釋所有語言現(xiàn)象,有些不符合語法規(guī)則的用法可以稱之為慣用法。這些東西會模仿就行了,不必非要弄明白為什么。 7. 適量適度學語法,不可投入主要精力鉆研語法,不可死扣語法的細枝末節(jié)。只有那些堅持使用英語的實踐,同時又掌握了語法規(guī)則的人,才有可能成為英語學習的強者。 二、語法知識易錯點 1. 被動語態(tài)的構成。 2. 主動表被動的適用范圍。 1) 表衡量的動詞。 The room measures 5 by 6. 2) sell, write, wash, read, wear, keep, drink等表狀態(tài)的情況下; The pen writes well. The clothes wash well. 3) 在動詞不定式中主語發(fā)出的動作。 I have a lot of work to do. 4) 動詞不定式前面的詞為形容詞時。 The question is easy to answer. 5) 在need, want, require, be worth后面doing主動表被動。 The bike wants repairing. 注意:The bike wants to be repaired. 誤:The shoes are sold well. 正:The shoes sell well. 誤:The flowers need being watered. 正:The flowers need watering. The flowers need to be watered. 3. 沒有被動語態(tài)。 1) 系動詞; He looks well today. 2) 不及物動詞; The sun rises in the east. 3) 固定詞或短語中。如:happen, take place, go up, break out, e about, add up to, belong to等。 The book belonging to me is missing. 誤:Being tasted good, the food was soon eaten up. 正:Tasting good, the food was soon eaten up. 誤:The government tries its best to have peoples living standard risen. 正:The government tries its best to have peoples living standard raised. 4. can, could 1) 表示體力、眼力方面的能力,能做某種動作的能力 I can ride a bike. 2) 在口語中,can 可代替may"表示許可" Can I use your dictionary? 3) 在疑問句中表示懷疑 Can it be true? 4) 在否定句中,表示判斷或推斷 You cant be hungry so soon. Youve just had lunch. 5. may, might 1) 允許(正式或比較客氣的場合) You may use my car. 2) 可能:用在陳述句中 It might be right. 3) 表示判斷:不太肯定 He might be sleeping now. 4) 表祝愿 May you succeed! 5) may/ might as well不妨 You may as well tell me the truth. 6. must 1) 必須 You must do it at once. 2) 不許、禁止(否定) You mustnt waste our time. ---Must I leave now? ---No, you neednt /you dont have to. 3) 作判斷(肯定的判斷) The light is on. He must be in the office. 7. shall 1) 用于二、三人稱表允許、命令、警告。 You shall leave the door or Ill call the police. She shall do as she is told. 2) 征求對方意見或向對方請示(用于一、三人稱)。 Shall I open the window? 3) 竟然 The dog should understand German. 誤:Can he e in or wait outside? 正:Shall he e in or wait outside? 8. should 1) 應該(責任/義務,任何人稱)。 You should study English hard. 2) 預測(對將要發(fā)生的進行預測)"可能、該"。 They should be there by tomorrow. 9. will 1) 愿意、意愿、意志、決心(用于各人稱)。 If you will wait, Ill e back. 2) will= probably表一種猜想。 You will remember the story I told you last time. 3) 征求意見,用于第二人稱。 Will you give me a piece of paper? 4) 否定表"可否"。 Wont you take off your cap? 5) 表某種傾向或習慣性動作。 Fish will die out of water. 10. would 1) 意愿 Would you please do me a favor? 2) Id/should/would like to=want to Id like to see Mr. Smith. 3) 表過去習慣動作(表過去習慣的動作,現(xiàn)在如何不知道)。 When we were children, we would go swimming every summer. 4) 一種揣測。 That would be his mother. 11. need, dare 1) 作實義動詞,要+to(尤其need) She dares to speak and dares to act. I need to go now. 2) 在否定、疑問、條件句中,可作情態(tài)動詞用。 If they dare e, they will never be able to get away. She neednt go. She doesnt need to go. 12. 幾個情態(tài)動詞+have done ought to have done 和should have done 表示應該做某事而未做,表責備,表埋怨 could have done 本可以做某事而未做 neednt have done 不需要做某事而做了 The plants are dead. I ought to have watered it. The plants are dead. I should have watered it. Its quite near. I could have e here on foot, but I took a taxi. You neednt have brought such a big dictionary. Heres one for you. 13. 情態(tài)動詞表推測。 1) 一定用must; You look pale. You must be ill. 2) 可能用may, might, could; He may be ill. Thats why he didnt e. 3) 一定不能或疑問句中用can, could. You cant have met him at the airport. He went to Japan a week ago. 誤:The ground is wet. It must rain last night. 正:The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.- 配套講稿:
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