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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) BookIII Unit16教學(xué)案 人教大綱版 理解：要點詮釋 單詞 1.addition 講：n.加法；附加物 短語:in addition (副詞)加之；又；另外 in addition to (介詞)加之；除……之外 例:Our boy is still not good at addition. 我們的小男孩加法仍然不好。 They’ve had an addition to the family. 他們家多了一個人。 There was an earthquake and,in addition,there were tidal waves. 除了地震以外，還有海嘯。 He speaks French in addition to English. 他除了英語以外還會說法語。 鏈接提示 in addition to 相當(dāng)于besides和as well as，表示“除了……以外還有……”。 練:(xx北京朝陽測試) The classroom was almost empty________ a desk or two. A.besides B.except for C.except D.in addition to 提示:相近介詞用法辨析。根據(jù)句意可知是先肯定整體再排除部分。 答案:B 2.count 講： v.(按順序)數(shù)數(shù)；計算(或清點)總數(shù)；把……算在內(nèi)；起作用；有重要性；認(rèn)為；看作；正式認(rèn)可 短語:count on 依靠,指望 count up 算出總數(shù),共計 例:The little girl can count up to 10 in English. 這個小女孩可以用英語數(shù)到10。 She began to count up how many guests they had to invite. 她開始計算他們得邀請多少客人。 We have invited 50 people,not counting the children. 不算小孩，我們已邀請了50人。 The fact that she had apologized counted for nothing with him. 她已道歉，但他認(rèn)為這是沒有用的。 But it is not just what they do with their feet that counts. 但是并不是他們腳的表現(xiàn)在起作用。 It’s the thought that counts. 貴在心意。 Don’t go over that line or your throw won’t count. 別越過那條線，否則你的投擲就會被判無效。 I count him among my closest friends. 我把他看作我一個最親密的朋友。 練:We are a party of eleven, ________our teacher. A.counting B.to count C.counted D.having counted 提示:根據(jù)詞語用法，此處的counting相當(dāng)于including“包括在內(nèi)；計算在內(nèi)”的意思。 答案:A 短語 1.hold back 講：攔阻；阻擋；不向(某人)透露情況；隱瞞；抑制；控制(感情)；(使)猶豫；躊躇 例:She held back,not knowing how to break the terrible news. 她躊躇著，不知如何說出這一可怕的消息。 I wanted to tell him the truth,but something held me back. 我本想告訴他真實的情況，但又開不了口。 The police were unable to hold back the crowd. 警察阻攔不了人群。 She just managed to hold back her anger. 她勉強壓住了自己的怒火。 鏈接提示 hold 短語還有: hold up舉起，阻止，使……延誤 I held up my hand to show that I had a question. 我舉手提問題。 hold on繼續(xù)；持續(xù);(電話用語)等一等 The storm held on all night. 暴風(fēng)雨持續(xù)了一整夜。 How much longer can we hold on? 我們還能再持續(xù)多久？ hold out伸出；堅持，維持 Our food supplies won’t hold out long. 我們食品的儲量維持不了多久了。 練:(xx北京朝陽測試) The school bus was________ by a thick fog. A.held up B.broken off C.kept up D.started up 提示:本題考查常見動詞短語的辨析，hold up 作及物動詞短語時意為“阻止；使延誤”；符合題意。 答案:A 2.make a/no/some...difference(to/in sb./sth.) 講：有(或沒有、有些等)作用，關(guān)系，影響 例:The rain didn’t make much difference to the game. 這場雨對比賽沒多大影響。 Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not. 你能否得到這工作與你的年齡無關(guān)。 What difference will it make if he knows or not? 他知不知道有什么關(guān)系嗎？ Education is essential to poverty relief,so Lin Ying’s work is making a big difference to the children’s future. 教育是脫貧的根本，因此林穎的工作對于孩子的未來有著重大影響。 —Shall we go on Friday or Saturday? 我們星期五走還是星期六走？ —It makes no difference to me. 我無所謂。 鏈接提示 make all the difference (to sb./sth.)關(guān)系重大；大不相同；使更好受 A few kind words at the right time make all the difference. 在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候說幾句體貼的話效果迥然不同。 with difference（用于名詞后）引人注目；與眾不同 The traditional backpack with a difference—it’s waterproof. 這個跟傳統(tǒng)背包不同——可以防水。 練:It is how you react to your failure that makes a________ in future life. A.development B.difference C.progress D.point 提示:本題考查名詞辨析。短語make a difference的意思為“產(chǎn)生差別；有影響；起重要作用”。 答案:B 句型 1.every time引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句 講:注意觀察下面教材原句: Every time he plays football he is watched by thousands of adoring Becks fans all over the world. 他每次踢球時，世界各地有成千上萬的Becks隊的狂熱球迷觀看他比賽。 此處every time用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，其作用相當(dāng)于連詞。 例:Every time I hear that song I feel happy. 我每次聽到那首歌都感到愉快。 Next time you’re here，let’s have lunch together. 下次你來這里，我們一起吃午飯。 We hadn’t met for 20 years but I recognized him the moment(that) I saw him. 我與他有20年沒見面了，可是我一見面就認(rèn)出了他。 I want to see him the minute he arrives. 他一到我就要見他。 鏈接提示 能夠這樣用的名詞還有the moment,the minute,the day等。 練:(1)Please remember to send me one of your photos next time you________to me. A.will write B.have written C.write D.wrote 提示:next time在此引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。在含有時間、條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時態(tài)。 答案:C (2)(xx福建達(dá)標(biāo)中學(xué)質(zhì)量檢查) The head of the pany promised to deal with matters of this sort________ he returned to his office. A.until B.while C.by the time D.the moment 提示:本題考查狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。the moment作為連詞使用，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as soon as；until表示“直到”，在此不合情理；while作“在……時”講時，后面不跟短暫動詞；by the time的主句中常用將來完成時或過去完成時。 答案:D 2. ...immediately when... 講:注意觀察下面教材原句: David’s career took off almost immediately when he was part of the Manchester United’s Youth Team that won the FA Youth Cup in 1992. (差不多)就在大衛(wèi)作為曼聯(lián)青年隊的成員于1992年贏得英國足球總會青年杯后，他的事業(yè)開始起色。 在時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞前可以加上副詞進(jìn)行修飾，表示更加具體的時間。例如:soon after.../shortly after.../not long before.../long before 等。 例:He came home immediately after he finished his work. 他做完工作后馬上就回家了。 She got married soon after she graduated from the college. 她大學(xué)畢業(yè)后不久就結(jié)婚了。 I had known him long before he came to work in my office. 在他來我辦公室工作之前很久我就認(rèn)識他。 練:e in ________you have taken off your coat,it’s too cold outside. A.long before B.immediately when C.soon after D.long after 提示:從后半句話所提供的語境分析，此處用immediately when表時間非常短暫，其他項和語境不符。 答案:B 辨析 1.across,through across表示“橫過、橫穿、越過”時，它的含義與on,over有關(guān)，側(cè)重于動作在某一物體或某一地方的表面進(jìn)行。作介詞時，across還可表示“在……的對過”；作副詞時，表示“對過”和“橫過”。 through表示“通過、穿過”時，它的含義與in有關(guān)，側(cè)重動作在某一物體空間里進(jìn)行，含有“從中間通過”之意。 即時練習(xí): (1)Look around when you walk________ the street. (2)We drove straight________ the town. (3)She swam________ the river. (4)Waste water flows ________this pipe to a treatment plant. (5)The lake was frozen so we walked________ the ice. 答案:(1)across (2)through (3)across (4)through (5)across 2.be famous for,be famous as be famous for后的介詞賓語是主語的所述內(nèi)容；be famous as后的介詞賓語與主語是同位成分。 人+be famous for表示“因某種知識、技能或特征而出名”。人+be famous as表示“因某種身份而出名”。 地名+be famous for表示“以某種特產(chǎn)而出名”。地名+be famous as表示“以什么樣的產(chǎn)地或地方而出名”。 sth.+be famous for表示“以其內(nèi)容、特征、價值等被人所知”。sth.+be famous as表示“以某種形式而出名”。 即時練習(xí): (1)Einstein was famous________ a great scientist. (2)Einstein was famous________ his Theory of Relativity. (3)The area is famous ________its green tea. (4)The area is famous ________a green tea producing place. (5)This grammar book is famous________ its practical usage. (6)This book is famous ________a reference book. 答案:(1)as (2)for (3)for (4)as (5)for (6)as 誘思：實例點撥 【例1】 (xx遼寧模擬) Do you have any idea________ is actually going on in the classroom? A.that B.what C.as D.which 提示:填上what之后，形成一個名詞性從句作idea的同位語。 答案:B 講評:從句子的意思上來判斷用詞。 【例2】(xx廣東模擬) Years ago we didn’t know this,but recent science________ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill. A.showed B.will show C.has shown D.is showing 提示:由于we didn’t know this與“現(xiàn)代科技已經(jīng)證明睡不好覺的人會生病”相互對比，所以this即指后文的內(nèi)容，用現(xiàn)在完成時表示對現(xiàn)在的影響。 答案:C 講評:注意recent science表示的是最新的研究成果表明的現(xiàn)實問題。 【例3】 (xx江蘇模擬) —Don’t you think it necessary that he________ to Miami but to New York? —I agree,but the problem is________ he has refused to. A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that C.should not sent;what D.should not send;what 提示:在“It is necessary that＋從句”句型中，從句謂語動詞用should do的形式，should可以省略，由此可以排除A項；send與him之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以send應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)的形式，由此可以排除D項；從句意看，“the problem is__________ be refused to”是一個表語從句，意為“問題時他已經(jīng)拒絕了”，由此可排除C項。 答案:B 講評:本題考查點較多，既考查了虛擬語氣，又考查了表語從句，可以先從一點入手，逐一解決。